代码改变世界

基于注解springMVC简单入门(转)

2013-11-08 10:22  夜半花开  阅读(236)  评论(0编辑  收藏  举报

原文:http://www.oschina.net/question/84460_9608

web.xml 配置:

 

 1 <servlet>
 2     <servlet-name>dispatcher</servlet-name>
 3     <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
 4     <init-param>
 5         <description>加载/WEB-INF/spring-mvc/目录下的所有XML作为Spring MVC的配置文件</description>
 6         <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
 7         <param-value>/WEB-INF/spring-mvc/*.xml</param-value>
 8     </init-param>
 9     <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
10 </servlet>
11 <servlet-mapping>
12     <servlet-name>dispatcher</servlet-name>
13     <url-pattern>*.htm</url-pattern>
14 </servlet-mapping>

 

这样,所有的.htm的请求,都会被DispatcherServlet处理;

初始化 DispatcherServlet 时,该框架在 web 应用程序WEB-INF 目录中寻找一个名为[servlet-名称]-servlet.xml的文件,并在那里定义相关的Beans,重写在全局中定义的任何Beans,像上面的web.xml中的代码,对应的是dispatcher-servlet.xml;当然也可以使用<init-param>元素,手动指定配置文件的路径;

dispatcher-servlet.xml 配置:

 

 1 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
 2 <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
 3        xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
 4        xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
 5        xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"
 6        xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
 7        xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
 8        xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
 9        xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
10             http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd
11             http://www.springframework.org/schema/context 
12             http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-3.0.xsd
13             http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop 
14             http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-3.0.xsd
15             http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx 
16             http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-3.0.xsd
17             http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc 
18             http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc-3.0.xsd
19             http://www.springframework.org/schema/context 
20             http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-3.0.xsd">
21     <!--
22         使Spring支持自动检测组件,如注解的Controller
23     -->
24     <context:component-scan base-package="com.minx.crm.web.controller"/>
25    
26     <bean id="viewResolver"
27           class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver"
28           p:prefix="/WEB-INF/jsp/"
29           p:suffix=".jsp" />
30 </beans>

 

第一个Controller

 

 1 package com.minx.crm.web.controller;http://www.cnblogs.com/jiangyaqiong/admin/EditPosts.aspx?opt=1
 2 
 3 import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
 4 import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
 5 @Controller
 6 public class IndexController {
 7     @RequestMapping("/index")
 8     public String index() {
 9         return "index";
10     }
11 }

 

@Controller注解标识一个控制器,@RequestMapping注解标记一个访问的路径(/index.htm),return "index"标记返回视图(index.jsp);

注:如果@RequestMapping注解在类级别上,则表示一相对路径,在方法级别上,则标记访问的路径;

@RequestMapping注解标记的访问路径中获取参数:

Spring MVC 支持RESTful风格的URL参数,如:

 

1 @Controller
2 public class IndexController {
3 
4     @RequestMapping("/index/{username}")
5     public String index(@PathVariable("username") String username) {
6         System.out.print(username);
7         return "index";
8     }
9 }

 

@RequestMapping中定义访问页面的URL模版,使用{}传入页面参数,使用@PathVariable 获取传入参数,即可通过地址:http://localhost:8080/crm/index/tanqimin.htm 访问;

根据不同的Web请求方法,映射到不同的处理方法:

使用登陆页面作示例,定义两个方法分辨对使用GET请求和使用POST请求访问login.htm时的响应。可以使用处理GET请求的方法显示视图,使用POST请求的方法处理业务逻辑

 

 

 1 @Controller
 2 public class LoginController {
 3     @RequestMapping(value = "/login", method = RequestMethod.GET)
 4     public String login() {
 5         return "login";
 6     }
 7     @RequestMapping(value = "/login", method = RequestMethod.POST)
 8     public String login2(HttpServletRequest request) {
 9             String username = request.getParameter("username").trim();
10             System.out.println(username);
11         return "login2";
12     }
13 }

 

在视图页面,通过地址栏访问login.htm,是通过GET请求访问页面,因此,返回登陆表单视图login.jsp;当在登陆表单中使用POST请求提交数据时,则访问login2方法,处理登陆业务逻辑;

防止重复提交数据,可以使用重定向视图:

 

1 return "redirect:/login2"

 

可以传入方法的参数类型:

1 @RequestMapping(value = "login", method = RequestMethod.POST)
2 public String testParam(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, HttpSession session) {
3     String username = request.getParameter("username");
4     System.out.println(username);
5     return null;
6 }

可以传入HttpServletRequestHttpServletResponseHttpSession,值得注意的是,如果第一次访问页面,HttpSession没被创建,可能会出错;

其中,String username = request.getParameter("username");可以转换为传入的参数:

 

1 @RequestMapping(value = "login", method = RequestMethod.POST)
2 public String testParam(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, HttpSession session,@RequestParam("username") String username) {
3     String username = request.getParameter("username");
4     System.out.println(username);
5     return null;
6 }

使用@RequestParam 注解获取GET请求或POST请求提交的参数;

获取Cookie的值:使用@CookieValue 

获取PrintWriter

可以直接在Controller的方法中传入PrintWriter对象,就可以在方法中使用:

 

1 @RequestMapping(value = "login", method = RequestMethod.POST)
2 public String testParam(PrintWriter out, @RequestParam("username") String username) {
3     out.println(username);
4     return null;
5 }

 

获取表单中提交的值,并封装到POJO中,传入Controller的方法里:

POJO如下(User.java):

 

1 public class User{
2     private long id;
3     private String username;
4     private String password;
5 
6     …此处省略getter,setter...
7 }

 

通过表单提交,直接可以把表单值封装到User对象中:

 

1 @RequestMapping(value = "login", method = RequestMethod.POST)
2 public String testParam(PrintWriter out, User user) {
3     out.println(user.getUsername());
4     return null;
5 }

 

可以把对象,put 入获取的Map对象中,传到对应的视图:

1 @RequestMapping(value = "login", method = RequestMethod.POST)
2 public String testParam(User user, Map model) {
3     model.put("user",user);
4     return "view";
5 }

在返回的view.jsp中,就可以根据key来获取user的值(通过EL表达式,${user }即可);

Controller中方法的返回值:

void:多数用于使用PrintWriter输出响应数据;

String 类型:返回该String对应的View Name

任意类型对象:

返回ModelAndView

自定义视图(JstlViewExcelView):

拦截器(Inteceptors):

 

 

 

 1 public class MyInteceptor implements HandlerInterceptor {
 2     public boolean preHandle(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object o) 
 3         throws Exception {
 4         return false;
 5     }
 6     public void postHandle(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object o, ModelAndView mav) 
 7         throws Exception {
 8     }
 9     public void afterCompletion(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object o, Exception excptn) 
10         throws Exception {
11     }
12 }

拦截器需要实现HandleInterceptor接口,并实现其三个方法:

preHandle:拦截器的前端,执行控制器之前所要处理的方法,通常用于权限控制、日志,其中,Object o表示下一个拦截器;

postHandle:控制器的方法已经执行完毕,转换成视图之前的处理;

afterCompletion:视图已处理完后执行的方法,通常用于释放资源;

MVC的配置文件中,配置拦截器与需要拦截的URL

 

<mvc:interceptors>
    <mvc:interceptor>
        <mvc:mapping path="/index.htm" />
        <bean class="com.minx.crm.web.interceptor.MyInterceptor" />
    </mvc:interceptor>
</mvc:interceptors>

 

国际化:

MVC配置文件中,配置国际化属性文件:

 

1 <bean id="messageSource"
2     class="org.springframework.context.support.ResourceBundleMessageSource"
3     p:basename="message">
4 </bean>

 

那么,Spring就会在项目中搜索相关的国际化属性文件,如:message.propertiesmessage_zh_CN.properties

VIEW中,引入Spring标签:<%@taglib uri="http://www.springframework.org/tags" prefix="spring" %>,使用<spring:message code="key" />调用,即可;

1 <bean id="messageSource" class="org.springframework.context.support.ResourceBundleMessageSource">
2     <property name="basenames">
3         <list>
4             <value>message01</value>
5             <value>message02</value>
6             <value>message03</value>
7         </list>
8     </property>
9 </bean>