线段树、最短路径、最小生成树、并查集、二分图匹配、最近公共祖先--C++模板

线段树(区间修改,区间和):

#include <cstdio>
#include <iostream>
#include <cstring>
using namespace std;
int c[1000000],n,m;
char s;

void update(int p,int l,int r,int x,int add)
{
    int m=(l+r) / 2;
    if (l==r)
    {
        c[p]+=add;
        return;
    }
    if (x<=m)   update(p*2,l,m,x,add);
    if (x>m)    update(p*2+1,m+1,r,x,add);
    c[p]=c[p<<1]+c[p<<1|1];
}

int find(int p,int l,int r,int a,int b)
{
    if (l==a && r==b)   return c[p];
    else
    {
        int m=(l+r) / 2;
        if (b<=m)   return find(p*2,l,m,a,b);
        else if (a>m)   return find(p*2+1,m+1,r,a,b);
        else return find(p*2,l,m,a,m)+find(p*2+1,m+1,r,m+1,b);
    }
}

int main()
{
    scanf("%d",&n);
    scanf("%d",&m);
    for (int i=1;i<=m;i++)
    {
        cin>>s;
        if (s=='M')
        {   
            int x,y;
            scanf("%d%d",&x,&y);
            update(1,1,n,x,y);
        }
        if (s=='C')
        {
            int x,y;
            scanf("%d%d",&x,&y);
            printf("%d\n",find(1,1,n,x,y));
        }
    }
}

线段树(lazy):

线段树,并且单纯的线段树会超时,因为在将a到b的点全部加上c时,步骤太多,会超时。

      需要优化。即lazy算法;

      Lazy:

      在将a~b点全部加c时,不要加到每个点,在表示区间的root结构体上增加一个inc域,将要加的值赋给这个inc域,然后就不要再往下了。

      在求区间和时,将root中的inc值赋给要求的区间,并且将该节点的root置零。

#include <cstdio>
#include <iostream>
#include <cstring>
#include <string>
#define ll long long
using namespace std;
ll a[1000005],t[5000005],n,lazy[5000005],m;

ll read()
{
    ll s=0;
    char ch=getchar();
    while (ch<'0' || ch>'9')    ch=getchar();
    while (ch>='0' && ch<='9')  
    {
        s=(s << 1) + (s << 3) +ch-'0';ch=getchar();
    }
    return s;   
}

void build(ll p,ll l,ll r)
{
    if (l==r)
    {
        t[p]=a[l];
        return;
    }
    ll m=(l+r)>>1;
    build(p<<1,l,m);
    build(p<<1|1,m+1,r);
    t[p]=t[p<<1]+t[p<<1|1];
}

void pushdown(ll x,ll len)
{
    if (lazy[x]!=0)
    {
        lazy[x<<1]+=lazy[x];
        lazy[x<<1|1]+=lazy[x];
        t[x<<1]+=(len-len/2)*lazy[x];
        t[x<<1|1]+=(len/2)*lazy[x];
        lazy[x]=0;
    }
}

void update(ll a,ll b,ll l,ll r,ll x,ll p)
{
    if (a<=l && b>=r)
    {
        t[p]+=(r-l+1)*x;
        lazy[p]+=x;
        return;
    }
    if (lazy[p]!=0) pushdown(p,r-l+1);
    ll m=(l+r)/2;
    if (b<=m)   update(a,b,l,m,x,p<<1);
    else if (a>m)   update(a,b,m+1,r,x,p<<1|1);
    else update(a,m,l,m,x,p<<1),update(m+1,b,m+1,r,x,p<<1|1);
    t[p]=t[p<<1]+t[p<<1|1];
}

ll find(ll a,ll b,ll l,ll r,ll p)
{
    if (lazy[p]!=0) pushdown(p,r-l+1);
    if (a==l && b==r)   return t[p];
    ll m=(l+r)/2;
    if (b<=m)   return find(a,b,l,m,p<<1);
    else if (a>m)   return find(a,b,m+1,r,p<<1|1);
    else    return find(a,m,l,m,p<<1)+find(m+1,b,m+1,r,p<<1|1);
}

int main()
{
    n=read(); m=read();
    for (int i=1;i<=n;i++)
        a[i]=read();
    build(1,1,n);
    int x,y,z;
    for (int i=1;i<=m;i++)
    {
        x=read();
        if (x==1)
        {
            x=read(),y=read(),z=read();
            update(x,y,1,n,z,1);
        }
        else if (x==2)
        {
            y=read(),z=read();
            printf("%lld\n",find(y,z,1,n,1));
        }
    }
}

二分图匹配:

#include <iostream>
#include <cstring>
#include <cstdio>
#define inf 1000007
using namespace std;
struct arr
{
    int y, n;
}f[1000005];
int ls[1000005], n, m, tot, e, ans, link[1000005];
bool b[1000005];

void add(int x, int y)
{
    f[++tot].y = y;
    f[tot].n = ls[x];
    ls[x] = tot;
}

bool find(int x)
{
    for (int i = ls[x]; i; i = f[i].n)
        if (!b[f[i].y])
        {
            b[f[i].y] = 1;
            if (!link[f[i].y] || find(link[f[i].y]))
            {
                link[f[i].y] = x;
                return true;
            }
        }
    return false;
}

void work()
{
    for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++)
    {
        memset(b, 0, sizeof(b));
        if (find(i))    ans++;
    }
}

int main()
{
    int x, y;
    scanf("%d%d%d", &n, &m, &e);
    for (int i = 1; i <= e; i++)
    {
        scanf("%d%d", &x, &y);
        if (y > m) continue;
        add(x, y);
    }
    work();
    printf("%d", ans);
}

最小生成树:

#include <cstdio>
#include <cstring>
#include <iostream>
#include <algorithm>
using namespace std;
struct arr
{
    int x,y,w;
}f[200007];
int g[5007],tot,n,m;
bool b[5007];

int cmp(arr a,arr b)
{
    return a.w<b.w;
}

int find(int x)
{
    if (g[x]==x)    return x;
    g[x]=find(g[x]);
    return g[x];
}

int main()
{
    cin>>n>>m;
    int q,p,o,e=0;
    for (int i=1;i<=m;i++)
    {   
        scanf("%d%d%d",&q,&p,&o);
        e++;
        f[e].x=q;
        f[e].y=p;
        f[e].w=o;
    }
    sort(f+1,f+e+1,cmp);
    for (int i=1;i<=n;i++)
        g[i]=i;
    int k=0;
    for (int i=1;i<=e;i++)
    {
        if (k==n-1) break;
        if (find(g[f[i].x])!=find(g[f[i].y]))
        {
            k++;
            tot+=f[i].w;
            g[find(f[i].x)]=find(f[i].y);
        }
    }
    if (k==n-1) printf("%d",tot);
    else printf("orz");
}

最短路(spfa):

#include <cstdio>
#include <cstring>
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
struct arr
{
    int to,next,w;
}f[5000007];
int n,m,s,d[1000007],ls[1000007],str[1000007];
bool b[1000007];

void spfa()
{
    for (int i=1;i<=n;i++)
        d[i]=2147483647;
    d[s]=0; 
    int head=0,tail=1;
    b[s]=1;
    str[1]=s;
    while (head<tail)
    {
        head++;
        int t=ls[str[head]];
        while (t>0)
        {
            if (d[f[t].to]>d[str[head]]+f[t].w)
            {
                d[f[t].to]=d[str[head]]+f[t].w;
                if (!b[f[t].to])
                {   
                    b[f[t].to]=1;
                    tail++;
                    str[tail]=f[t].to;
                }
            }
            t=f[t].next;
        }
        b[str[head]]=0;
    }
}

int main()
{
    scanf("%d%d%d",&n,&m,&s);
    int p,q;
    for (int i=1;i<=m;i++)
    {
        scanf("%d%d%d",&q,&p,&f[i].w);
        f[i].to=p;
        f[i].next=ls[q];
        ls[q]=i;
    }

    spfa();
    for (int i=1;i<=n;i++)
        printf("%d ",d[i]); 
}

并查集

#include <cstdio>
#include <cstring>
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
int n,m,f[10007];

int find(int x)
{
    if (f[x]==x)    return x;
    f[x]=find(f[x]);
    return f[x];
}

int main()
{
    scanf("%d%d",&n,&m);
    int q,p,z;
    for (int i=1;i<=n;i++)
        f[i]=i;
    for (int i=1;i<=m;i++)
    {
        scanf("%d%d%d",&z,&q,&p);
        if (z==1)
        {
            f[find(q)]=find(p);
        }
        if (z==2)
        {
            if (find(q)==find(p))   cout<<"Y"<<endl;
            else cout<<"N"<<endl;
        }
    }
}

KMP

#include <cstdio>
#include <cstring>
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
int a[1000005],b[1000005],p[1000005],n,m,next[1000005],ans;
int main()
{
    scanf("%d%d", &n, &m);
    for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++)
    {
        scanf("%d", &p[i]);
        a[i - 1] = p[i] - p[i - 1];
    }
    for (int i = 1; i <= m; i++)
    {
        scanf("%d", &p[i]);
        b[i - 1] = p[i] - p[i - 1];
    }
    int j = 0;
    for (int i = 2; i < m; i++)
    {
        while (j > 0 && b[j + 1] != b[i])   j = next[j];
        if (b[j + 1] == b[i])   j += 1;
        next[i] = j;
    }
    j = 0;
    for (int i = 1; i < n; i++)
    {
        while (j > 0 && b[j + 1] != a[i])   j = next[j];
        if (b[j + 1] == a[i])   j += 1;
        if (j == m - 1)
        {
            ans++;
            j = next[j];
        }
    }
    printf("%d", ans);
}

快速幂

int pow4(int a,int b)
{
  int r=1,base=a;
  while(b)
  {
    if(b&1) r*=base;
    base*=base;
    b>>=1;
  }
  return r;
}

强连通分量(tarjan):

#include <cstdio>
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
struct arr
{
    int x,y,next;
};
arr f[3000];
int ls[40000],stack[40000],belong[40000],low[40000],dfn[40000],cnt,e,n,d,tot,rd[40000],cd[40000],ans,s1,s2;
bool ins[40000];

void add(int x,int y)
{
    e++;
    f[e].x=x;
    f[e].y=y;
    f[e].next=ls[x];
    ls[x]=e;
}

void tarjan(int i)
{
    int t=0;
    int j=0;
    d++;
    dfn[i]=d;
    low[i]=d;
    tot++;
    stack[tot]=i;
    t=ls[i];
    ins[i]=1;
    while (t>0)
    {
        j=f[t].y;
        if (dfn[j]==0)
        {
            tarjan(j);
            if (low[i]>low[j])  low[i]=low[j];
        }
        else if (ins[j]&&dfn[j]<low[i]) low[i]=dfn[j];
        t=f[t].next;
    }
    if (dfn[i]==low[i])
    {
        cnt++;
        do
        {
            j=stack[tot];
            ins[j]=false;
            tot--;
            belong[j]=cnt;
        }
        while (i!=j);
    }

}

int main()
{
    cin>>n;
    int j;
    e=0;
    for (int i=1;i<=n;i++)
    {
        while (scanf("%d",&j)&&j!=0)
            add(i,j);
    }
    for (int i=1;i<=n;i++)
        if (dfn[i]==0)  tarjan(i);
    for (int i=1;i<=e;i++)
        if (belong[f[i].x]!=belong[f[i].y])
        {
            cd[belong[f[i].x]]++;
            rd[belong[f[i].y]]++;
        }
    ans=0;
    s1=0;
    s2=0;
    for (int i=1;i<=cnt;i++)
    {
        if (rd[i]==0)   {ans++; s1++;}
        if (cd[i]==0)   s2++;
    }
    cout<<ans<<endl;
    if (cnt==1) {s1=0; s2=0;}
    if (s1>s2)  cout<<s1<<endl;
    else cout<<s2<<endl;
}

最短路(floyd):

   

for (int k = 1; k <= n; k++)
        for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++)
            for (int j = 1; j <= n; j++)
                if (i != j && i != k && j != k)
                    f[i][j] = min(f[i][j], f[i][k] + f[k][j]);

最近公共祖先(lca):

#include <cstdio>
#include <cstring>
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
struct arr {int  x,y,n;}f[60007];
int ls[30007],n,m,e,deep[30007],fa[30007][30],ans;

void add(int x, int y)
{
    f[++e].x = x;
    f[e].y = y;
    f[e].n = ls[x];
    ls[x] = e;
}

void dfs(int x, int la)
{
    deep[x] = deep[la] + 1;
    fa[x][0] = la;
    for (int i = ls[x]; i ; i = f[i].n)
    {
        if (f[i].y != la)
        {
            dfs(f[i].y, x);
        }
    }
}

int lca(int q, int p)
{
    if (deep[p] < deep[q])  swap(p,q);
    for (int j = 20; j >= 0; j--)
        if (deep[fa[p][j]] >= deep[q])
            p = fa[p][j];
    if (p == q) return p;
    for (int j = 20; j >= 0; j--)
    if (fa[p][j] != fa[q][j])
    {
        p = fa[p][j], q = fa[q][j];
    }
    return fa[p][0];
}

int main()
{
    scanf("%d", &n);
    int x, y;
    for (int i = 1; i <= n - 1; i++)
    {
        scanf("%d%d", &x, &y);
        add(x, y);
        add(y, x);
    }
    dfs(1, 0);
    for (int j = 1; j <= 20; j++)
        for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++)
            fa[i][j] = fa[fa[i][j - 1]][j - 1];
    scanf("%d", &m);
    scanf("%d", &x);
    m--;
    while (m--)
    {
        scanf("%d", &y);
        ans += deep[x] + deep[y] - deep[lca(x, y)] * 2;
        x = y;
    }
    printf("%d", ans);
}
posted @ 2019-11-12 10:40  AI算法蒋同学  阅读(336)  评论(0编辑  收藏  举报