Android APK加壳技术方案----代码实现
文章链接：http://blog.csdn.net/jiazhijun/article/details/8746917
作者：Jack_Jia 邮箱： 309zhijun@163.com
一、序言
在上篇“Android APK加壳技术方案”（http://blog.csdn.net/jiazhijun/article/details/8678399）博文中，根据加壳数据在解壳程序Dex文件所处的位置，我提出了两种Android Dex加壳技术实现方案，本片博文将对方案1代码实现进行讲解。博友可以根据方案1的代码实现原理对方案2自行实现。
在方案1的代码实现过程中，各种不同的问题接踵出现，最初的方案也在不同问题的出现、解决过程中不断的得到调整、优化。
本文的代码实现了对整个APK包的加壳处理。加壳程序不会对源程序有任何的影响。
二、代码实现
本程序基于Android2.3代码实现，因为牵扯到系统代码的反射修改，本程序不保证在其它android版本正常工作，博友可以根据实现原理，自行实现对其它Android版本的兼容性开发。
1、 加壳程序流程及代码实现
1、加密源程序APK为解壳数据
2、把解壳数据写入解壳程序DEX文件末尾，并在文件尾部添加解壳数据的大小。
3、修改解壳程序DEX头中checksum、signature 和file_size头信息。
代码实现如下：
package com.android.dexshell;
import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.security.MessageDigest;
import java.security.NoSuchAlgorithmException;
import java.util.zip.Adler32;
public class DexShellTool {
/**
* @param args
*/
public static void main(String[] args) {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
try {
File payloadSrcFile = new File("g:/payload.apk");
File unShellDexFile = new File("g:/unshell.dex");
byte[] payloadArray = encrpt(readFileBytes(payloadSrcFile));
byte[] unShellDexArray = readFileBytes(unShellDexFile);
int payloadLen = payloadArray.length;
int unShellDexLen = unShellDexArray.length;
int totalLen = payloadLen + unShellDexLen +4;
byte[] newdex = new byte[totalLen];
//添加解壳代码
System.arraycopy(unShellDexArray, 0, newdex, 0, unShellDexLen);
//添加加密后的解壳数据
System.arraycopy(payloadArray, 0, newdex, unShellDexLen,
payloadLen);
//添加解壳数据长度
System.arraycopy(intToByte(payloadLen), 0, newdex, totalLen-4, 4);
//修改DEX file size文件头
fixFileSizeHeader(newdex);
//修改DEX SHA1 文件头
fixSHA1Header(newdex);
//修改DEX CheckSum文件头
fixCheckSumHeader(newdex);
String str = "g:/classes.dex";
File file = new File(str);
if (!file.exists()) {
file.createNewFile();
}
FileOutputStream localFileOutputStream = new FileOutputStream(str);
localFileOutputStream.write(newdex);
localFileOutputStream.flush();
localFileOutputStream.close();
} catch (Exception e) {
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
//直接返回数据，读者可以添加自己加密方法
private static byte[] encrpt(byte[] srcdata){
return srcdata;
}
private static void fixCheckSumHeader(byte[] dexBytes) {
Adler32 adler = new Adler32();
adler.update(dexBytes, 12, dexBytes.length - 12);
long value = adler.getValue();
int va = (int) value;
byte[] newcs = intToByte(va);
byte[] recs = new byte[4];
for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
recs[i] = newcs[newcs.length - 1 - i];
System.out.println(Integer.toHexString(newcs[i]));
}
System.arraycopy(recs, 0, dexBytes, 8, 4);
System.out.println(Long.toHexString(value));
System.out.println();
}
public static byte[] intToByte(int number) {
byte[] b = new byte[4];
for (int i = 3; i >= 0; i--) {
b[i] = (byte) (number % 256);
number >>= 8;
}
return b;
}
private static void fixSHA1Header(byte[] dexBytes)
throws NoSuchAlgorithmException {
MessageDigest md = MessageDigest.getInstance("SHA-1");
md.update(dexBytes, 32, dexBytes.length - 32);
byte[] newdt = md.digest();
System.arraycopy(newdt, 0, dexBytes, 12, 20);
String hexstr = "";
for (int i = 0; i < newdt.length; i++) {
hexstr += Integer.toString((newdt[i] & 0xff) + 0x100, 16)
.substring(1);
}
System.out.println(hexstr);
}
private static void fixFileSizeHeader(byte[] dexBytes) {
byte[] newfs = intToByte(dexBytes.length);
System.out.println(Integer.toHexString(dexBytes.length));
byte[] refs = new byte[4];
for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
refs[i] = newfs[newfs.length - 1 - i];
System.out.println(Integer.toHexString(newfs[i]));
}
System.arraycopy(refs, 0, dexBytes, 32, 4);
}
private static byte[] readFileBytes(File file) throws IOException {
byte[] arrayOfByte = new byte[1024];
ByteArrayOutputStream localByteArrayOutputStream = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
FileInputStream fis = new FileInputStream(file);
while (true) {
int i = fis.read(arrayOfByte);
if (i != -1) {
localByteArrayOutputStream.write(arrayOfByte, 0, i);
} else {
return localByteArrayOutputStream.toByteArray();
}
}
}
}
2、 解壳程序流程及代码实现
在解壳程序的开发过程中需要解决如下几个关键的技术问题：
（1）解壳代码如何能够第一时间执行？
Android程序由不同的组件构成，系统在有需要的时候启动程序组件。因此解壳程序必须在Android系统启动组件之前运行，完成对解壳数 据的解壳及APK文件的动态加载，否则会使程序出现加载类失败的异常。
Android开发者都知道Applicaiton做为整个应用的上下文，会被系统第一时间调用，这也是应用开发者程序代码的第一执行点。因此通过对 AndroidMainfest.xml的application的配置可以实现解壳代码第一时间运行。
<application
android:icon="@drawable/ic_launcher"
android:label="@string/app_name"
android:theme="@style/AppTheme" android:name="com.android.dexunshell.ProxyApplication" >
</application>
（2）如何替换回源程序原有的Application?
当在AndroidMainfest.xml文件配置为解壳代码的Application时。源程序原有的Applicaiton将被替换，为了不影响源程序代码逻辑，我们需要 在解壳代码运行完成后，替换回源程序原有的Application对象。我们通过在AndroidMainfest.xml文件中配置原有Applicaiton类信息来达到我们 的目的。解壳程序要在运行完毕后通过创建配置的Application对象，并通过反射修改回原Application。
<application
android:icon="@drawable/ic_launcher"
android:label="@string/app_name"
android:theme="@style/AppTheme" android:name="com.android.dexunshell.ProxyApplication" >
<meta-data android:name="APPLICATION_CLASS_NAME" android:value="com.***.Application"/>
</application>
（3）如何通过DexClassLoader实现对apk代码的动态加载。
我们知道DexClassLoader加载的类是没有组件生命周期的，也就是说即使DexClassLoader通过对APK的动态加载完成了对组件类的加载， 当系统启动该组件时，还会出现加载类失败的异常。为什么组件类被动态加载入虚拟机，但系统却出现加载类失败呢？
通过查看Android源代码我们知道组件类的加载是由另一个ClassLoader来完成的，DexClassLoader和系统组件ClassLoader并不存在关 系，系统组件ClassLoader当然找不到由DexClassLoader加载的类，如果把系统组件ClassLoader的parent修改成DexClassLoader，我们就可 以实现对apk代码的动态加载。
（4）如何使解壳后的APK资源文件被代码动态引用。
代码默认引用的资源文件在最外层的解壳程序中，因此我们要增加系统的资源加载路径来实现对借壳后APK文件资源的加载。
解壳实现代码：
package com.android.dexunshell;
import java.io.BufferedInputStream;
import java.io.ByteArrayInputStream;
import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
import java.io.DataInputStream;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.lang.ref.WeakReference;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Iterator;
import java.util.zip.ZipEntry;
import java.util.zip.ZipInputStream;
import dalvik.system.DexClassLoader;
import android.app.Application;
import android.content.pm.ApplicationInfo;
import android.content.pm.PackageManager;
import android.content.pm.PackageManager.NameNotFoundException;
import android.os.Bundle;
public class ProxyApplication extends Application {
private static final String appkey = "APPLICATION_CLASS_NAME";
private String apkFileName;
private String odexPath;
private String libPath;
@Override
public void onCreate() {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
super.onCreate();
try {
File odex = this.getDir("payload_odex", MODE_PRIVATE);
File libs = this.getDir("payload_lib", MODE_PRIVATE);
odexPath = odex.getAbsolutePath();
libPath = libs.getAbsolutePath();
apkFileName = odex.getAbsolutePath()+"/payload.apk";
File dexFile = new File(apkFileName);
if(!dexFile.exists())
dexFile.createNewFile();
//读取程序classes.dex文件
byte[] dexdata = this.readDexFileFromApk();
//分离出解壳后的apk文件已用于动态加载
this.splitPayLoadFromDex(dexdata);
//配置动态加载环境
this.configApplicationEnv();
} catch (Exception e) {
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
private void configApplicationEnv() throws NameNotFoundException, IllegalAccessException, InstantiationException, ClassNotFoundException, IOException{
Object currentActivityThread = RefInvoke.invokeStaticMethod("android.app.ActivityThread", "currentActivityThread", new Class[]{}, new Object[]{});
HashMap mPackages = (HashMap)RefInvoke.getFieldOjbect("android.app.ActivityThread", currentActivityThread, "mPackages");
//替换组件类加载器为DexClassLoader，已使动态加载代码具有组件生命周期
WeakReference wr = (WeakReference) mPackages.get(this.getPackageName());
DexClassLoader dLoader = new DexClassLoader(apkFileName,
odexPath, libPath, (ClassLoader) RefInvoke.getFieldOjbect("android.app.LoadedApk", wr.get(), "mClassLoader"));
RefInvoke.setFieldOjbect("android.app.LoadedApk", "mClassLoader", wr.get(), dLoader);
//如果源应用配置有Appliction对象，则替换为源应用Applicaiton，以便不影响源程序逻辑。
ApplicationInfo appInfo = this.getPackageManager().getApplicationInfo(this.getPackageName(),PackageManager.GET_META_DATA);
Bundle bundle = appInfo.metaData;
if(bundle != null && bundle.containsKey(appkey)){
String appClassName = bundle.getString(appkey);
Application app = (Application)Class.forName(appClassName).newInstance();
RefInvoke.setFieldOjbect("android.app.ContextImpl", "mOuterContext", this.getBaseContext(), app);
RefInvoke.setFieldOjbect("android.content.ContextWrapper", "mBase", app, this.getBaseContext());
Object mBoundApplication = RefInvoke.getFieldOjbect("android.app.ActivityThread", currentActivityThread, "mBoundApplication");
Object info = RefInvoke.getFieldOjbect("android.app.ActivityThread$AppBindData", mBoundApplication, "info");
RefInvoke.setFieldOjbect("android.app.LoadedApk", "mApplication", info, app);
Object oldApplication = RefInvoke.getFieldOjbect("android.app.ActivityThread", currentActivityThread, "mInitialApplication");
RefInvoke.setFieldOjbect("android.app.ActivityThread", "mInitialApplication", currentActivityThread, app);
ArrayList<Application> mAllApplications = (ArrayList<Application>)RefInvoke.getFieldOjbect("android.app.ActivityThread", currentActivityThread, "mAllApplications");
mAllApplications.remove(oldApplication);
mAllApplications.add(app);
HashMap mProviderMap = (HashMap) RefInvoke.getFieldOjbect("android.app.ActivityThread", currentActivityThread, "mProviderMap");
Iterator it = mProviderMap.values().iterator();
while(it.hasNext()){
Object providerClientRecord = it.next();
Object localProvider = RefInvoke.getFieldOjbect("android.app.ProviderClientRecord", providerClientRecord, "mLocalProvider");
RefInvoke.setFieldOjbect("android.content.ContentProvider", "mContext", localProvider, app);
}
RefInvoke.invokeMethod(appClassName, "onCreate", app, new Class[]{}, new Object[]{});
}
}
private void splitPayLoadFromDex(byte[] data) throws IOException{
byte[] apkdata = decrypt(data);
int ablen = apkdata.length;
byte[] dexlen = new byte[4];
System.arraycopy(apkdata, ablen - 4, dexlen, 0, 4);
ByteArrayInputStream bais = new ByteArrayInputStream(dexlen);
DataInputStream in = new DataInputStream(bais);
int readInt = in.readInt();
System.out.println(Integer.toHexString(readInt));
byte[] newdex = new byte[readInt];
System.arraycopy(apkdata, ablen - 4 - readInt, newdex, 0, readInt);
File file = new File(apkFileName);
try {
FileOutputStream localFileOutputStream = new FileOutputStream(file);
localFileOutputStream.write(newdex);
localFileOutputStream.close();
} catch (IOException localIOException) {
throw new RuntimeException(localIOException);
}
ZipInputStream localZipInputStream = new ZipInputStream(
new BufferedInputStream(new FileInputStream(file)));
while (true) {
ZipEntry localZipEntry = localZipInputStream.getNextEntry();
if (localZipEntry == null) {
localZipInputStream.close();
break;
}
String name = localZipEntry.getName();
if (name.startsWith("lib/") && name.endsWith(".so")) {
File storeFile = new File(libPath+"/"+name.substring(name.lastIndexOf('/')));
storeFile.createNewFile();
FileOutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream(storeFile);
byte[] arrayOfByte = new byte[1024];
while (true) {
int i = localZipInputStream.read(arrayOfByte);
if (i == -1)
break;
fos.write(arrayOfByte, 0, i);
}
fos.flush();
fos.close();
}
localZipInputStream.closeEntry();
}
localZipInputStream.close();
}
private byte[] readDexFileFromApk() throws IOException {
ByteArrayOutputStream dexByteArrayOutputStream = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
ZipInputStream localZipInputStream = new ZipInputStream(
new BufferedInputStream(new FileInputStream(this.getApplicationInfo().sourceDir)));
while (true) {
ZipEntry localZipEntry = localZipInputStream.getNextEntry();
if (localZipEntry == null) {
localZipInputStream.close();
break;
}
if (localZipEntry.getName().equals("classes.dex")) {
byte[] arrayOfByte = new byte[1024];
while (true) {
int i = localZipInputStream.read(arrayOfByte);
if (i == -1)
break;
dexByteArrayOutputStream.write(arrayOfByte, 0, i);
}
}
localZipInputStream.closeEntry();
}
localZipInputStream.close();
return dexByteArrayOutputStream.toByteArray();
}
////直接返回数据，读者可以添加自己解密方法
private byte[] decrypt(byte[] data){
return data;
}
}
RefInvoke为反射调用工具类：
package com.android.dexunshell;
import java.lang.reflect.Field;
import java.lang.reflect.InvocationTargetException;
import java.lang.reflect.Method;
public class RefInvoke {
public static Object invokeStaticMethod(String class_name, String method_name, Class[] pareTyple, Object[] pareVaules){
try {
Class obj_class = Class.forName(class_name);
Method method = obj_class.getMethod(method_name,pareTyple);
return method.invoke(null, pareVaules);
} catch (SecurityException e) {
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (IllegalArgumentException e) {
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (IllegalAccessException e) {
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (NoSuchMethodException e) {
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (InvocationTargetException e) {
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
e.printStackTrace();
}
return null;
}
public static Object invokeMethod(String class_name, String method_name, Object obj ,Class[] pareTyple, Object[] pareVaules){
try {
Class obj_class = Class.forName(class_name);
Method method = obj_class.getMethod(method_name,pareTyple);
return method.invoke(obj, pareVaules);
} catch (SecurityException e) {
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (IllegalArgumentException e) {
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (IllegalAccessException e) {
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (NoSuchMethodException e) {
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (InvocationTargetException e) {
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
e.printStackTrace();
}
return null;
}
public static Object getFieldOjbect(String class_name,Object obj, String filedName){
try {
Class obj_class = Class.forName(class_name);
Field field = obj_class.getDeclaredField(filedName);
field.setAccessible(true);
return field.get(obj);
} catch (SecurityException e) {
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (NoSuchFieldException e) {
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (IllegalArgumentException e) {
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (IllegalAccessException e) {
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
e.printStackTrace();
}
return null;
}
public static Object getStaticFieldOjbect(String class_name, String filedName){
try {
Class obj_class = Class.forName(class_name);
Field field = obj_class.getDeclaredField(filedName);
field.setAccessible(true);
return field.get(null);
} catch (SecurityException e) {
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (NoSuchFieldException e) {
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (IllegalArgumentException e) {
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (IllegalAccessException e) {
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
e.printStackTrace();
}
return null;
}
public static void setFieldOjbect(String classname, String filedName, Object obj, Object filedVaule){
try {
Class obj_class = Class.forName(classname);
Field field = obj_class.getDeclaredField(filedName);
field.setAccessible(true);
field.set(obj, filedVaule);
} catch (SecurityException e) {
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (NoSuchFieldException e) {
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (IllegalArgumentException e) {
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (IllegalAccessException e) {
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
public static void setStaticOjbect(String class_name, String filedName, Object filedVaule){
try {
Class obj_class = Class.forName(class_name);
Field field = obj_class.getDeclaredField(filedName);
field.setAccessible(true);
field.set(null, filedVaule);
} catch (SecurityException e) {
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (NoSuchFieldException e) {
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (IllegalArgumentException e) {
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (IllegalAccessException e) {
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
三、总结
本文代码基本实现了APK文件的加壳及脱壳原理，该代码作为实验代码还有诸多地方需要改进。比如：
1、加壳数据的加密算法的添加。
2、脱壳代码由java语言实现，可通过C代码的实现对脱壳逻辑进行保护，以达到更好的反逆向分析效果。
