pygrib学习
pygrib-2.0.3/docs/index.html
导入pygrib模块
>>> import pygrib
打开grib文件,获取grib消息迭代器
>>> grbs = pygrib.open('sampledata/flux.grb')
和打开正常的python文件对象一样,pygrib使用seek, tell, read, readline, 和close方法打开grib文件。唯一的不同的是,偏移量用grib消息衡量,而不是用字节。
>>> grbs.seek(2) >>> grbs.tell() 2 >>> grb = grbs.read(1)[0] # read returns a list with the next N (N=1 in this case) messages. >>> grb # printing a grib message object displays summary info 3:Maximum temperature:K (instant):regular_gg:heightAboveGround:level 2 m:fcst time 108-120 hrs:from 200402291200 >>> grbs.tell() 3
输出文件清单:
>>> grbs.seek(0) >>> for grb in grbs: >>> grb 1:Precipitation rate:kg m**-2 s**-1 (avg):regular_gg:surface:level 0:fcst time 108-120 hrs (avg):from 200402291200 2:Surface pressure:Pa (instant):regular_gg:surface:level 0:fcst time 120 hrs:from 200402291200 3:Maximum temperature:K (instant):regular_gg:heightAboveGround:level 2 m:fcst time 108-120 hrs:from 200402291200 4:Minimum temperature:K (instant):regular_gg:heightAboveGround:level 2 m:fcst time 108-120 hrs:from 200402291200
寻找匹配名字的第一个grib消息
>>> grb = grbs.select(name='Maximum temperature')[0]
使用'values'键提取数据值(grb.keys()将会返回一个可用键的序列)
# The data is returned as a numpy array, or if missing values or a bitmap # are present, a numpy masked array. Reduced lat/lon or gaussian grid # data is automatically expanded to a regular grid. Details of the internal # representation of the grib data (such as the scanning mode) are handled # automatically. >>> maxt = grb.values # same as grb['values'] >>> maxt.shape, maxt.min(), maxt.max() (94, 192) 223.7 319.9
获取网格经纬度值
>>> lats, lons = grb.latlons() >>> lats.shape, lats.min(), lats.max(), lons.shape, lons.min(), lons.max() (94, 192) -88.5419501373 88.5419501373 0.0 358.125
获取第二个消息
>>> grb = grbs.message(2) # same as grbs.seek(1); grb=grbs.readline() >>> grb 2:Surface pressure:Pa (instant):regular_gg:surface:level 0:fcst time 120 hrs:from 200402291200
从北美洲子集中提取数据,得到经纬值
>>> data, lats, lons = grb.data(lat1=20,lat2=70,lon1=220,lon2=320) >>> data.shape, lats.min(), lats.max(), lons.min(), lons.max() (26, 53) 21.904439458 69.5216630593 221.25 318.75
使用存在的键(或者通过属性或者访问字典)修改值
>>> grb['forecastTime'] = 240 >>> grb.dataDate = 20100101
得到与编码信息相关的二进制字符串
>>> msg = grb.tostring() >>> grbs.close() # close the grib file
将修改的信息写到新GRIB文件中
>>> grbout = open('test.grb','wb') >>> grbout.write(msg) >>> grbout.close() >>> pygrib.open('test.grb').readline() 1:Surface pressure:Pa (instant):regular_gg:surface:level 0:fcst time 240 hrs:from 201001011200 Documentation
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注意!
select方法为从文件中,提取gribmessage对象的集合到一个列表的方法。得到的结果为一个列表(List对象),不能之前对其求keys属性。只能对单个gribmessage对象求属性!
可行的方法是打开这个List,对其中每一个元素(gribmessage对象)进行循环,分别求keys
gribmessage可以求values
index对象的slect方法比pygrib.open 对象的slect方法快,但只是适用于单变量场
findex = pygrib.index(fname,'level','month','day') # 获取messags索引
selected_messages = findex.select(level=lev,month=month,day=day) # “天选之消息”
注意:findex.select()括号中的关键字必须要和包含前面定义用到的所有关键字,否则会出现错误