Struts+Spring+Hibernate整合入门详解
https://www.cnblogs.com/cailijia52o/p/8724710.html
一、基本概念
Struts：作为基于 MVC 模式的 Web 应用最经典框架，两个项目Struts 和webwork已经集成，成为现在的Struts2。目前的最新版本是2.0.9（2007-7）。
Spring：是一个轻型的容器，利用它可以使用一个外部 XML 配置文件方便地将对象连接在一起。每个对象都可以通过显示一个 JavaBean 属性收到一个到依赖对象的引用，留给您的简单任务就只是在一个XML 配置文件中把它们连接好。
Hibernate 是一个纯 Java 的对象关系映射和持久性框架，它允许您用 XML 配置文件把普通 Java 对象映射到关系数据库表。使用 Hibernate 能够节约大量项目开发时间，因为整个 JDBC 层都由这个框架管理。这意味着您的应用程序的数据访问层位于 Hibernate 之上，完全是从底层数据模型中抽象出来的。
三种技术到目前已经比较成熟，而且他们都是免费的！让我们对三者集成进行一个初览（简单而不专业）：
我们用Struts实现从Web（网页，MVC中的View）到后台系统的映射（WebàAction），然后由Spring管理这些Action，把它们作为Bean和其他对象一起处理。这些Bean之间处理业务逻辑、数据、系统状态等，且它们被Spring统一管理，为了区分，就算大概包括MVC的MC部分吧。然后需要持久化的数据由Spring和Hibernate之间的接口交由Hibernate处理（这个属于持久层）。
必须基础：只要Java基础，一点HTML知识、XML基础就可以了。本文的目的就是从零开始建立第一个Struts+Spring+Hibernate应用。即使它是最简单的，我们也希望初学者能够从中理解一些思想，其中也包括系统架构的设计思想。
配置 pom.xml 依赖
<properties> <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding> <spring.version>4.1.4.RELEASE</spring.version> <hibernate.version>4.3.8.Final</hibernate.version> <struts2.version>2.3.20</struts2.version> <jackson.version>2.5.0</jackson.version> </properties> <dependencies> <!-- junit --> <dependency> <groupId>junit</groupId> <artifactId>junit</artifactId> <version>4.12</version> <scope>test</scope> </dependency> <!-- spring --> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-core</artifactId> <version>${spring.version}</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-beans</artifactId> <version>${spring.version}</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-context</artifactId> <version>${spring.version}</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-tx</artifactId> <version>${spring.version}</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-web</artifactId> <version>${spring.version}</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-test</artifactId> <version>${spring.version}</version> <scope>provided</scope> </dependency> <!-- 关系型数据库整合时需配置 如hibernate jpa等 --> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-orm</artifactId> <version>${spring.version}</version> </dependency> <!-- hibernate --> <dependency> <groupId>org.hibernate</groupId> <artifactId>hibernate-core</artifactId> <version>${hibernate.version}</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.hibernate</groupId> <artifactId>hibernate-ehcache</artifactId> <version>${hibernate.version}</version> </dependency> <!-- struts2 --> <dependency> <groupId>org.apache.struts</groupId> <artifactId>struts2-core</artifactId> <version>${struts2.version}</version> <exclusions> <exclusion> <!-- Hibernate已经还有该包的依赖 --> <artifactId>javassist</artifactId> <groupId>javassist</groupId> </exclusion> </exclusions> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.apache.struts</groupId> <artifactId>struts2-spring-plugin</artifactId> <version>${struts2.version}</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.apache.struts</groupId> <artifactId>struts2-convention-plugin</artifactId> <version>${struts2.version}</version> </dependency> <!-- log4j --> <dependency> <groupId>log4j</groupId> <artifactId>log4j</artifactId> <version>1.2.17</version> </dependency> <!-- mysql连接 --> <dependency> <groupId>mysql</groupId> <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId> <version>5.1.34</version> </dependency> <!-- 数据源 druid --> <dependency> <groupId>com.alibaba</groupId> <artifactId>druid</artifactId> <version>1.0.12</version> </dependency> <!-- json --> <dependency> <groupId>com.alibaba</groupId> <artifactId>fastjson</artifactId> <version>1.2.3</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.core</groupId> <artifactId>jackson-annotations</artifactId> <version>${jackson.version}</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.core</groupId> <artifactId>jackson-core</artifactId> <version>${jackson.version}</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.core</groupId> <artifactId>jackson-databind</artifactId> <version>${jackson.version}</version> </dependency> <!-- aop --> <dependency> <groupId>org.aspectj</groupId> <artifactId>aspectjweaver</artifactId> <version>1.8.4</version> </dependency> <!-- servlet --> <dependency> <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId> <artifactId>servlet-api</artifactId> <version>3.0-alpha-1</version> <scope>provided</scope> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId> <artifactId>jstl</artifactId> <version>1.2</version> </dependency> </dependencies> <build> <finalName>spring_struts2_Hibernate_demo</finalName> <plugins> <!-- Run the JUnit unit tests in an isolated classloader --> <plugin> <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId> <artifactId>maven-surefire-plugin</artifactId> <version>2.4.2</version> <configuration> <skipTests>true</skipTests> </configuration> </plugin> <plugin> <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId> <artifactId>maven-war-plugin</artifactId> <version>2.3</version> <configuration> <webXml>src/main/webapp/WEB-INF/web.xml</webXml> </configuration> </plugin> <!-- generate java doc --> <plugin> <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId> <artifactId>maven-javadoc-plugin</artifactId> <version>2.9.1</version> <configuration> <javadocDirectory>target/javadoc</javadocDirectory> <reportOutputDirectory>target/javadoc</reportOutputDirectory> <charset>UTF-8</charset> <encoding>UTF-8</encoding> <docencoding>UTF-8</docencoding> <show>private</show> </configuration> </plugin> <!-- 部署至本机 --> <plugin> <groupId>org.codehaus.cargo</groupId> <artifactId>cargo-maven2-plugin</artifactId> <version>1.0</version> <configuration> <container> <containerId>tomcat6x</containerId> <home>F:\apache-tomcat-7.0.27</home> </container> <configuration> <type>existing</type> <home>F:\apache-tomcat-7.0.27</home> </configuration> </configuration> </plugin> </plugins> </build> </project>
在web.xml中配置spring与struts的相关代码
<!-- 配置核心过滤器 --> <filter> <filter-name>struts2</filter-name> <filter-class>org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.ng.filter.StrutsPrepareAndExecuteFilter</filter-class> </filter> <filter-mapping> <filter-name>struts2</filter-name> <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern> </filter-mapping>
2）配置spring的监听器
当服务启动时，就会先加载spring的配置文件
<!-- 配置Spring框架整合WEB的监听器 --> <listener> <listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class> </listener>
3）配置默认加载路径
<!-- 监听器默认加载Web-INF文件下，需要配置参数来加载指定文件 --> <context-param> <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name> <param-value>classpath:applicationContext.xml</param-value> </context-param>
src下编写相关配置文件
1)spring:applicationContext.xml
导入相关约束
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop" xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx.xsd"> </beans>
2）hibernate:hibernate.cfg.xml
导入相关约束，并配置数据库
<?xml version='1.0' encoding='utf-8'?> <!DOCTYPE hibernate-configuration PUBLIC "-//Hibernate/Hibernate Configuration DTD 3.0//EN" "http://www.hibernate.org/dtd/hibernate-configuration-3.0.dtd"> <hibernate-configuration> <session-factory> <!--JDBC链接--> <property name="hibernate.connection.driver_class">com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver</property> <property name="connection.url">jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/customer</property> <property name="connection.username">jiang</property> <property name="connection.password">1</property> <!--数据库方言--> <property name="dialect">org.hibernate.dialect.MySQL5Dialect</property> <!--自动生成表结构--> <property name="hibernate.show_sql">true</property> <property name="hibernate.format_sql">true</property> <property name="hibernate.hbm2ddl.auto">update</property> <!-- 配置C3P0的连接池 --> <property name="connection.provider_class">org.hibernate.connection.C3P0ConnectionProvider</property> <!--加载映射文件--> <mapping resource="domain/Product.hbm.xml"/> </session-factory> </hibernate-configuration>
3）配置log4j.properties
### direct log messages to stdout ###
log4j.appender.stdout=org.apache.log4j.ConsoleAppender
log4j.appender.stdout.Target=System.err
log4j.appender.stdout.layout=org.apache.log4j.PatternLayout
log4j.appender.stdout.layout.ConversionPattern=%d{ABSOLUTE} %5p %c{1}:%L - %m%n
### direct messages to file mylog.log ###
log4j.appender.file=org.apache.log4j.FileAppender
log4j.appender.file.File=c\:mylog.log
log4j.appender.file.layout=org.apache.log4j.PatternLayout
log4j.appender.file.layout.ConversionPattern=%d{ABSOLUTE} %5p %c{1}:%L - %m%n
### set log levels - for more verbose logging change 'info' to 'debug' ###
log4j.rootLogger=info, stdout
4)struts2:struts.xml
导入相关约束
