Flask使用SQLAlchemy连接mysql
连接
from sqlalchemy.ext.declarative import declarative_base # 要继承这个类 from sqlalchemy import Column # 写字段 条件 from sqlalchemy import Integer,String,Text,Date,DateTime from sqlalchemy import create_engine # 链接数据库 # 单独执行 model 文件 Base = declarative_base() class Users(Base): __tablename__ = 'users' # 要建的 表名 id = Column(Integer, primary_key=True) # name = Column(String(32), index=True, nullable=False) # index加 索引 nullable 为空 depart_id = Column(Integer) # Integer int def create_all(): ''' 建表 :return: ''' engine = create_engine( "mysql+pymysql://root:123456@127.0.0.1:3306/db2?charset=utf8", max_overflow=0, # 超过连接池大小外最多创建的连接 pool_size=5, # 连接池大小 pool_timeout=30, # 池中没有线程最多等待的时间,否则报错 pool_recycle=-1 # 多久之后对线程池中的线程进行一次连接的回收(重置) ) Base.metadata.create_all(engine) def drop_all(): ''' 删表 :return: ''' engine = create_engine( "mysql+pymysql://root:123456@127.0.0.1:3306/db2?charset=utf8", max_overflow=0, # 超过连接池大小外最多创建的连接 pool_size=5, # 连接池大小 pool_timeout=30, # 池中没有线程最多等待的时间,否则报错 pool_recycle=-1 # 多久之后对线程池中的线程进行一次连接的回收(重置) ) Base.metadata.drop_all(engine) if __name__ == '__main__': drop_all() create_all()
models.py
views.py
from sqlalchemy.orm import sessionmaker from sqlalchemy import create_engine from models import Users # 创建引擎 engine = create_engine( "mysql+pymysql://root:123456@127.0.0.1:3306/s9day120?charset=utf8", max_overflow=0, # 超过连接池大小外最多创建的连接 pool_size=5, # 连接池大小 pool_timeout=30, # 池中没有线程最多等待的时间,否则报错 pool_recycle=-1 # 多久之后对线程池中的线程进行一次连接的回收(重置) ) # 根据引擎创建session工厂 SessionFactory = sessionmaker(bind=engine) # 用session工厂创建一个session对象 session = SessionFactory() .......... # 根据Users类对users表进行增删改查 .......... # 关闭session session.close()
操作
增
obj = Users(name='alex') session.add(obj) session.commit() session.add_all([ Users(name='小东北'), Users(name='龙泰') ]) session.commit()
删
session.query(Users).filter(Users.id >= 2).delete() session.commit()
改
session.query(Users).filter(Users.id == 4).update({Users.name:'东北'}) session.query(Users).filter(Users.id == 4).update({'name':'小东北'}) session.query(Users).filter(Users.id == 4).update({'name':Users.name+"DSB"},synchronize_session=False) session.commit()
查
result = session.query(Users).all() for row in result: print(row.id,row.name) result = session.query(Users).filter(Users.id >= 2) for row in result: print(row.id,row.name) result = session.query(Users).filter(Users.id >= 2).first() print(result)
############################## 其他常用 ###############################
指定列
select id,name as cname from users; result = session.query(Users.id,Users.name.label('cname')).all() for item in result: print(item[0],item.id,item.cname)
默认条件and
session.query(Users).filter(Users.id > 1, Users.name == 'eric').all()
between 之间查询
session.query(Users).filter(Users.id.between(1, 3), Users.name == 'eric').all()
in
session.query(Users).filter(Users.id.in_([1,3,4])).all() session.query(Users).filter(~Users.id.in_([1,3,4])).all()
子查询
session.query(Users).filter(Users.id.in_(session.query(Users.id).filter(Users.name=='eric'))).all()
and 和 or
from sqlalchemy import and_, or_ session.query(Users).filter(Users.id > 3, Users.name == 'eric').all() session.query(Users).filter(and_(Users.id > 3, Users.name == 'eric')).all() session.query(Users).filter(or_(Users.id < 2, Users.name == 'eric')).all() session.query(Users).filter( or_( Users.id < 2, and_(Users.name == 'eric', Users.id > 3), Users.extra != "" )).all()
filter_by 写参数
session.query(Users).filter_by(name='alex').all()
通配符
ret = session.query(Users).filter(Users.name.like('e%')).all()
ret = session.query(Users).filter(~Users.name.like('e%')).all() # ~ 是 not
切片
result = session.query(Users)[1:2]
排序
ret = session.query(Users).order_by(Users.name.desc()).all()
ret = session.query(Users).order_by(Users.name.desc(), Users.id.asc()).all()
group by 分组
from sqlalchemy.sql import func ret = session.query( Users.depart_id, func.count(Users.id), ).group_by(Users.depart_id).all() for item in ret: print(item) from sqlalchemy.sql import func ret = session.query( Users.depart_id, func.count(Users.id), ).group_by(Users.depart_id).having(func.count(Users.id) >= 2).all() for item in ret: print(item)
union 和 union all
""" 组合: select id,name from users UNION #去重组合 不去重union all select id,name from users; """ # q1 = session.query(Users.name).filter(Users.id > 2) # q2 = session.query(Favor.caption).filter(Favor.nid < 2) # ret = q1.union(q2).all() # # q1 = session.query(Users.name).filter(Users.id > 2) # q2 = session.query(Favor.caption).filter(Favor.nid < 2) # ret = q1.union_all(q2).all()