【Rust】基础类型转换
环境
- Rust 1.56.0
- VSCode 1.60.2
概念
参考:https://doc.rust-lang.org/stable/rust-by-example/types/cast.html
Rust 没有提供基础类型间的隐式转换,可以使用 as
关键字进行显式的类型转换。
示例
不支持隐式转换
fn main() {
let decimal = 65.4321_f32;
// 错误,不能隐式转换类型
// let integer: u8 = decimal;
}
显式转换
fn main() {
let decimal = 65.4321_f32;
// 显示转换
let integer = decimal as u8;
let character = integer as char;
println!("{}", integer);
println!("{}", character);
}
浮点类型不能直接转 char
fn main() {
let decimal = 65.4321_f32;
// 错误,浮点类型不能转成字符类型
// let character = decimal as char;
}
数值溢出
转换的过程中,可能会发生溢出,默认会出错,可以使用 #![allow(overflowing_literals)]
来抑制。
#![allow(overflowing_literals)]
fn main() {
println!("1000 as a u8 is : {}", 1000 as u8);
println!(" 128 as a i8 is : {}", 128 as i8);
}
浮点数转整型
fn main() {
// 数值过大,直接转为最大值 255
println!("300.0 is {}", 300.0_f32 as u8);
// 数值过小,直接转为 0
println!("-100.0 as u8 is {}", -100.0_f32 as u8);
// NAN 直接转为 0
println!("nan as u8 is {}", f32::NAN as u8);
}
不安全转换
如果不想使用默认的浮点到整型的转换,可以使用 unsafe 操作。
fn main() {
unsafe {
// 300.0 is 44
println!("300.0 is {}", 300.0_f32.to_int_unchecked::<u8>());
// -100.0 as u8 is 156
println!("-100.0 as u8 is {}", (-100.0_f32).to_int_unchecked::<u8>());
// nan as u8 is 0
println!("nan as u8 is {}", f32::NAN.to_int_unchecked::<u8>());
}
}
总结
了解了 Rust 中的基础类型的转换,有些可以直接转换,有些可能会导致溢出或者类型不兼容的问题。