【JavaScript】String 实例方法（二）

以下内容为学习记录，可以参考 MDN 原文。

环境

• node v12.18.1
• npm 6.14.5
• vscode 1.46
• Microsoft Edge 83

normalize

normalize() 方法会按照指定的一种 Unicode 正规形式将当前字符串正规化。（如果该值不是字符串，则首先将其转换为一个字符串）。

const name1 = '\u0041\u006d\u00e9\u006c\u0069\u0065';
const name2 = '\u0041\u006d\u0065\u0301\u006c\u0069\u0065';

console.log(`${name1}, ${name2}`);
// expected output: "Amélie, Amélie"
console.log(name1 === name2);
// expected output: false
console.log(name1.length === name2.length);
// expected output: false

const name1NFC = name1.normalize('NFC');
const name2NFC = name2.normalize('NFC');

console.log(`${name1NFC}, ${name2NFC}`);
// expected output: "Amélie, Amélie"
console.log(name1NFC === name2NFC);
// expected output: true
console.log(name1NFC.length === name2NFC.length);
// expected output: true

padEnd

padEnd() 方法会用一个字符串填充当前字符串（如果需要的话则重复填充），返回填充后达到指定长度的字符串。从当前字符串的末尾（右侧）开始填充。

const str1 = 'Breaded Mushrooms';

console.log(str1.padEnd(25, '.'));
// expected output: "Breaded Mushrooms........"

const str2 = '200';

console.log(str2.padEnd(5));
// expected output: "200  "

padStart

padStart() 方法用另一个字符串填充当前字符串(重复，如果需要的话)，以便产生的字符串达到给定的长度。填充从当前字符串的开始(左侧)应用的。

const str1 = '5';

console.log(str1.padStart(2, '0'));
// expected output: "05"

const fullNumber = '2034399002125581';
const last4Digits = fullNumber.slice(-4);
const maskedNumber = last4Digits.padStart(fullNumber.length, '*');

console.log(maskedNumber);
// expected output: "************5581"

repeat

repeat() 构造并返回一个新字符串，该字符串包含被连接在一起的指定数量的字符串的副本。

const chorus = 'Because I\'m happy. ';

console.log(`Chorus lyrics for "Happy": ${chorus.repeat(27)}`);

// expected output: "Chorus lyrics for "Happy": Because I'm happy. Because I'm happy. Because I'm happy. Because I'm happy. Because I'm happy. Because I'm happy. Because I'm happy. Because I'm happy. Because I'm happy. Because I'm happy. Because I'm happy. Because I'm happy. Because I'm happy. Because I'm happy. Because I'm happy. Because I'm happy. Because I'm happy. Because I'm happy. Because I'm happy. Because I'm happy. Because I'm happy. Because I'm happy. Because I'm happy. Because I'm happy. Because I'm happy. Because I'm happy. Because I'm happy. "

replace

replace() 方法返回一个由替换值（replacement）替换一些或所有匹配的模式（pattern）后的新字符串。模式可以是一个字符串或者一个正则表达式，替换值可以是一个字符串或者一个每次匹配都要调用的回调函数。

const p = 'The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog. If the dog reacted, was it really lazy?';

const regex = /dog/gi;

console.log(p.replace(regex, 'ferret'));
// expected output: "The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy ferret. If the ferret reacted, was it really lazy?"

console.log(p.replace('dog', 'monkey'));
// expected output: "The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy monkey. If the dog reacted, was it really lazy?"

search

search() 方法执行正则表达式和 String 对象之间的一个搜索匹配。

const paragraph = 'The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog. If the dog barked, was it really lazy?';

// any character that is not a word character or whitespace
const regex = /[^\w\s]/g;

console.log(paragraph.search(regex));
// expected output: 43

console.log(paragraph[paragraph.search(regex)]);
// expected output: "."

replaceAll

replaceAll() 方法返回一个新字符串，该字符串的所有模式匹配均由替换替换。 模式可以是字符串或 RegExp，而替换项可以是字符串或每个匹配项要调用的函数。

const p = 'The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog. If the dog reacted, was it really lazy?';

const regex = /dog/gi;

console.log(p.replaceAll(regex, 'ferret'));
// expected output: "The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy ferret. If the ferret reacted, was it really lazy?"

console.log(p.replaceAll('dog', 'monkey'));
// expected output: "The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy monkey. If the monkey reacted, was it really lazy?"

slice

slice() 方法提取某个字符串的一部分，并返回一个新的字符串，且不会改动原字符串。

const str = 'The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog.';

console.log(str.slice(31));
// expected output: "the lazy dog."

console.log(str.slice(4, 19));
// expected output: "quick brown fox"

console.log(str.slice(-4));
// expected output: "dog."

console.log(str.slice(-9, -5));
// expected output: "lazy"

split

split() 方法使用指定的分隔符字符串将一个 String 对象分割成子字符串数组，以一个指定的分割字串来决定每个拆分的位置。

const str = 'The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog.';

const words = str.split(' ');
console.log(words[3]);
// expected output: "fox"

const chars = str.split('');
console.log(chars[8]);
// expected output: "k"

const strCopy = str.split();
console.log(strCopy);
// expected output: Array ["The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog."]

startsWith

startsWith() 方法用来判断当前字符串是否以另外一个给定的子字符串开头，并根据判断结果返回 true 或 false。

const str1 = 'Saturday night plans';

console.log(str1.startsWith('Sat'));
// expected output: true

console.log(str1.startsWith('Sat', 3));
// expected output: false

substring

substring() 方法返回一个字符串在开始索引到结束索引之间的一个子集, 或从开始索引直到字符串的末尾的一个子集。

const str = 'Mozilla';

console.log(str.substring(1, 3));
// expected output: "oz"

console.log(str.substring(2));
// expected output: "zilla"