大数据入门第二十一天——scala入门(二)并发编程Akka

一、概述

  1.什么是akka

    

  Akka基于Actor模型,提供了一个用于构建可扩展的(Scalable)、弹性的(Resilient)、快速响应的(Responsive)应用程序的平台。

  更多入门的基础与介绍,参考https://www.iteblog.com/archives/1154.html

  入门系列推荐http://www.cnblogs.com/tiger-xc/p/6785575.html

  akka官网https://akka.io/

  2.Actor模型

  Actor模型:在计算机科学领域,Actor模型是一个并行计算(Concurrent Computation)模型,它把actor作为并行计算的基本元素来对待:为响应一个接收到的消息,一个actor能够自己做出一些决策,如创建更多的actor,或发送更多的消息,或者确定如何去响应接收到的下一个消息。

  

  

  Actor是Akka中最核心的概念,它是一个封装了状态和行为的对象,Actor之间可以通过交换消息的方式进行通信,每个Actor都有自己的收件箱(Mailbox)。通过Actor能够简化锁及线程管理,可以非常容易地开发出正确地并发程序和并行系统,Actor具有如下特性:

  1.提供了一种高级抽象,能够简化在并发(Concurrency)/并行(Parallelism)应用场景下的编程开发

  2.提供了异步非阻塞的、高性能的事件驱动编程模型

  3.超级轻量级事件处理(每GB堆内存几百万Actor)

  3.Actor角色

  Akka中角色主要分为ActorSystem和Actor,这和Hadoop中有点儿类似。一个老大负责监管,下面小弟负责干活

  ActorSystem

  在Akka中,ActorSystem是一个重量级的结构,他需要分配多个线程,所以在实际应用中,ActorSystem通常是一个单例对象,我们可以使用这个ActorSystem创建很多Actor

  Actor 

  在Akka中,Actor负责通信,在Actor中有一些重要的生命周期方法。

    1.preStart()方法:该方法在Actor对象构造方法执行后执行,整个Actor生命周期中仅执行一次。

    2.receive()方法:该方法在Actor的preStart方法执行完成后执行,用于接收消息,会被反复执行。

二、使用akka实现简单的RPC框架

  1.使用maven创建工程(或者SBT)

    使用maven创建工程:https://www.cnblogs.com/hd-zg/p/5951185.html

    引入akka依赖

 <!-- akka依赖-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.typesafe.akka</groupId>
            <artifactId>akka-actor_2.10</artifactId>
            <version>2.3.14</version>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.typesafe.akka</groupId>
            <artifactId>akka-remote_2.10</artifactId>
            <version>2.3.14</version>
        </dependency>

 pom如下:(build等可以修改)

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

    <groupId>cn.itcast.akka</groupId>
    <artifactId>my-rpc</artifactId>
    <version>1.0</version>

    <properties>
        <maven.compiler.source>1.7</maven.compiler.source>
        <maven.compiler.target>1.7</maven.compiler.target>
        <encoding>UTF-8</encoding>
        <scala.version>2.10.6</scala.version>
        <scala.compat.version>2.10</scala.compat.version>
    </properties>

    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.scala-lang</groupId>
            <artifactId>scala-library</artifactId>
            <version>${scala.version}</version>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.typesafe.akka</groupId>
            <artifactId>akka-actor_2.10</artifactId>
            <version>2.3.14</version>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.typesafe.akka</groupId>
            <artifactId>akka-remote_2.10</artifactId>
            <version>2.3.14</version>
        </dependency>

    </dependencies>

    <build>
        <sourceDirectory>src/main/scala</sourceDirectory>
        <testSourceDirectory>src/test/scala</testSourceDirectory>
        <plugins>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>net.alchim31.maven</groupId>
                <artifactId>scala-maven-plugin</artifactId>
                <version>3.2.2</version>
                <executions>
                    <execution>
                        <goals>
                            <goal>compile</goal>
                            <goal>testCompile</goal>
                        </goals>
                        <configuration>
                            <args>
                                <arg>-make:transitive</arg>
                                <arg>-dependencyfile</arg>
                                <arg>${project.build.directory}/.scala_dependencies</arg>
                            </args>
                        </configuration>
                    </execution>
                </executions>
            </plugin>

            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
                <artifactId>maven-shade-plugin</artifactId>
                <version>2.4.3</version>
                <executions>
                    <execution>
                        <phase>package</phase>
                        <goals>
                            <goal>shade</goal>
                        </goals>
                        <configuration>
                            <filters>
                                <filter>
                                    <artifact>*:*</artifact>
                                    <excludes>
                                        <exclude>META-INF/*.SF</exclude>
                                        <exclude>META-INF/*.DSA</exclude>
                                        <exclude>META-INF/*.RSA</exclude>
                                    </excludes>
                                </filter>
                            </filters>
                            <transformers>
                                <transformer implementation="org.apache.maven.plugins.shade.resource.AppendingTransformer">
                                    <resource>reference.conf</resource>
                                </transformer>
                                <transformer implementation="org.apache.maven.plugins.shade.resource.ManifestResourceTransformer">
                                    <mainClass>cn.itcast.akkk.Master</mainClass>
                                </transformer>
                            </transformers>
                        </configuration>
                    </execution>
                </executions>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>
    </build>


</project>
View Code

 打包可以使用shade这个插件

<plugin>
                <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
                <artifactId>maven-shade-plugin</artifactId>
                <version>2.4.3</version>
                <executions>
                    <execution>
                        <phase>package</phase>
                        <goals>
                            <goal>shade</goal>
                        </goals>
                        <configuration>
                            <filters>
                                <filter>
                                    <artifact>*:*</artifact>
                                    <excludes>
                                        <exclude>META-INF/*.SF</exclude>
                                        <exclude>META-INF/*.DSA</exclude>
                                        <exclude>META-INF/*.RSA</exclude>
                                    </excludes>
                                </filter>
                            </filters>
                            <transformers>
                                <transformer implementation="org.apache.maven.plugins.shade.resource.AppendingTransformer">
                                    <resource>reference.conf</resource>
                                </transformer>
                                <transformer implementation="org.apache.maven.plugins.shade.resource.ManifestResourceTransformer">
                                    <mainClass>cn.itcast.akkk.Master</mainClass>
                                </transformer>
                            </transformers>
                        </configuration>
                    </execution>
                </executions>
            </plugin>
View Code

 

  2.架构

  

 

   3.master程序示例

package cn.jiangbei.akka

import java.io.FileInputStream
import java.util.Properties

import akka.actor.{Actor, ActorSystem, Props}
import com.typesafe.config.ConfigFactory


class Master extends Actor {

  println("构造器被调用!")

  // 生命周期方法(类似的还有postStop)
  override def preStart(): Unit = {
    println("preStart生命周期方法被调用!")
  }

  // 用于接收消息
  override def receive: Receive = {
    case "connect" => println("已连接!")
    case "hello" => println("hello!")
  }
}

object Master {
  def main(args: Array[String]): Unit = {
    val properties = new Properties()
    val path = Thread.currentThread().getContextClassLoader.getResource("master.properties").getPath //文件要放到resource文件夹下
    properties.load(new FileInputStream(path))
    val config = ConfigFactory.parseProperties(properties)
    // 准备配置
   /* val host = args(0)
    val port = args(1).toInt
    val configStr =
      s"""
         |akka.actor.provider = "akka.remote.RemoteActorRefProvider"
         |akka.remote.netty.tcp.hostname = "$host"
         |akka.remote.netty.tcp.port = "$port"
       """.stripMargin
    val config = ConfigFactory.parseString(configStr)*/
    // 创建和监控
    val actorSystem = ActorSystem("MasterSystem", config)
    // 创建Actor(以后Actor可以发送消息了)
    val master = actorSystem.actorOf(Props(new Master), "Master")
    master ! "hello"
    actorSystem.awaitTermination()
  }
}

   4.worker和master通信

package cn.jiangbei.akka

import java.io.FileInputStream
import java.util.Properties

import akka.actor.{Actor, ActorSystem, Props}
import com.typesafe.config.ConfigFactory


class Master extends Actor {

  // 生命周期方法(类似的还有postStop)
  override def preStart(): Unit = {
    println("preStart生命周期方法被调用!")
  }

  // 用于接收消息
  override def receive: Receive = {
    case "connect" => {
      println("已连接!")
      // 使用sender发送消息给worker
      sender ! "reply"
    }
    case "hello" => println("hello!")
  }
}

object Master {
  def main(args: Array[String]): Unit = {
    val properties = new Properties()
    val path = Thread.currentThread().getContextClassLoader.getResource("master.properties").getPath //文件要放到resource文件夹下
    properties.load(new FileInputStream(path))
    val config = ConfigFactory.parseProperties(properties)
    // 准备配置
    /* val host = args(0)
     val port = args(1).toInt
     val configStr =
       s"""
          |akka.actor.provider = "akka.remote.RemoteActorRefProvider"
          |akka.remote.netty.tcp.hostname = "$host"
          |akka.remote.netty.tcp.port = "$port"
        """.stripMargin
     val config = ConfigFactory.parseString(configStr)*/
    // 创建和监控
    val actorSystem = ActorSystem("MasterSystem", config)
    // 创建Actor(以后Actor可以发送消息了)
    val master = actorSystem.actorOf(Props(new Master), "Master")
    actorSystem.awaitTermination()
  }
}
Master
akka.actor.provider=akka.remote.RemoteActorRefProvider
akka.remote.netty.tcp.hostname=127.0.0.1
akka.remote.netty.tcp.port=8888
master.properties
package cn.jiangbei.akka

import java.io.FileInputStream
import java.util.Properties

import akka.actor.{Actor, ActorSelection, ActorSystem, Props}
import com.typesafe.config.ConfigFactory

class Worker extends Actor {

  var master: ActorSelection = _

  override def preStart(): Unit = {
    // 先与master建立连接(参数在Master运行时会打印在日志),context为继承Actor所提供
    // 同样,下面的地址端口也可以分离出来
    val masterHost = "127.0.0.1"
    val masterPort = 8888
    // /user/Master进行指定与哪个master通信
    master = context.actorSelection(s"akka.tcp://MasterSystem@$masterHost:$masterPort/user/Master")
    // 得到master引用后即可发送消息
    master ! "connect"
  }

  override def receive: Receive = { // 返回的是一个偏函数
    case "reply" => println("收到master的回复!")

  }
}

object Worker {
  def main(args: Array[String]): Unit = {
    // 以下与Master类似
    val properties = new Properties()
    val path = Thread.currentThread().getContextClassLoader.getResource("worker.properties").getPath //文件要放到resource文件夹下
    properties.load(new FileInputStream(path))
    val config = ConfigFactory.parseProperties(properties)
    val actorSystem = ActorSystem("MasterSystem", config)
    // 创建Actor,再进行new Worker后会调用preStart()进行消息的发送
    actorSystem.actorOf(Props(new Worker), "Worker")
    actorSystem.awaitTermination()
  }


}
Worker
akka.actor.provider=akka.remote.RemoteActorRefProvider
akka.remote.netty.tcp.hostname=127.0.0.1
akka.remote.netty.tcp.port=8889
worker.properties

 

posted @ 2018-03-27 16:19  ---江北  阅读(709)  评论(0编辑  收藏  举报
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