大数据入门第十二天——flume入门
一、概述
1.什么是flume
官网的介绍:http://flume.apache.org/
Flume is a distributed, reliable, and available service for efficiently collecting, aggregating, and moving large amounts of log data. It has a simple and flexible architecture based on streaming data flows. It is robust and fault tolerant with tunable reliability mechanisms and many failover and recovery mechanisms. It uses a simple extensible data model that allows for online analytic application.
简明的介绍:
u Flume是一个分布式、可靠、和高可用的海量日志采集(对实时支持)、聚合和传输的系统。
u Flume可以采集文件,socket数据包等各种形式源数据,又可以将采集到的数据输出到HDFS、hbase、hive、kafka等众多外部存储系统中
u 一般的采集需求,通过对flume的简单配置即可实现
u Flume针对特殊场景也具备良好的自定义扩展能力,因此,flume可以适用于大部分的日常数据采集场景
2.flume运行机制
1、 Flume分布式系统中最核心的角色是agent,flume采集系统就是由一个个agent所连接起来形成
2、 每一个agent相当于一个数据传递员,内部有三个组件:
a) Source:采集源,用于跟数据源对接,以获取数据
b) Sink:下沉地,采集数据的传送目的,用于往下一级agent传递数据或者往最终存储系统传递数据
c) Channel:angent内部的数据传输通道,用于从source将数据传递到sink
并且,多个之间支持串联:
二、安装与配置
1.上传安装包
2.解压
tar -zxvf apache-flume-1.6.0-bin.tar.gz -C apps/
3.配置环境变量
[hadoop@mini1 apache-flume-1.6.0-bin]$ sudo vim /etc/profile
追加内容:
export FLUME_HOME=/home/hadoop/apps/apache-flume-1.6.0-bin
export PATH=$PATH:$FLUME_HOME/bin
[hadoop@mini1 apache-flume-1.6.0-bin]$ source /etc/profile
//如要查看环境变量的值,推荐使用export或者env
4.配置flume-env.sh
[hadoop@mini1 ~]$ cd apps/apache-flume-1.6.0-bin/
[hadoop@mini1 apache-flume-1.6.0-bin]$ cd conf/
[hadoop@mini1 conf]$ ls
flume-conf.properties.template flume-env.sh.template
flume-env.ps1.template log4j.properties
[hadoop@mini1 conf]$ cp flume-env.sh.template flume-env.sh
追加配置:
[hadoop@mini1 conf]$ vim flume-env.sh
export JAVA_HOME=/opt/java/jdk1.8.0_151
export HADOOP_HOME=/home/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.6.4
5.验证
[hadoop@mini1 conf]$ flume-ng version
三、简单部署
1.新建采集方案配置文件
conf目录下flume-conf.properties.template 是模板配置文件,我们在此目录新建的自己的配置方案:
vim netcat-logger.conf
# Name the components on this agent
#给那三个组件取个名字,a1是agent的名字
a1.sources = r1
a1.sinks = k1
a1.channels = c1
# Describe/configure the source
#类型, 从网络端口接收数据,在本机启动, 所以localhost, type=spoolDir采集目录源,目录里有就采
a1.sources.r1.type = netcat
a1.sources.r1.bind = localhost
a1.sources.r1.port = 44444
# Describe the sink
a1.sinks.k1.type = logger
# Use a channel which buffers events in memory
#下沉的时候是一批一批的, 下沉的时候是一个个eventChannel参数解释:
#capacity:默认该通道中最大的可以存储的event数量
#trasactionCapacity:每次最大可以从source中拿到或者送到sink中的event数量
a1.channels.c1.type = memory
a1.channels.c1.capacity = 1000
a1.channels.c1.transactionCapacity = 100
# Bind the source and sink to the channel
a1.sources.r1.channels = c1
a1.sinks.k1.channel = c1
# Name the components on this agent a1.sources = r1 a1.sinks = k1 a1.channels = c1 # Describe/configure the source a1.sources.r1.type = netcat a1.sources.r1.bind = localhost a1.sources.r1.port = 44444 # Describe the sink a1.sinks.k1.type = logger # Use a channel that buffers events in memory a1.channels.c1.type = memory a1.channels.c1.capacity = 1000 a1.channels.c1.transactionCapacity = 100 # Bind the source and sink to the channel a1.sources.r1.channels = c1 a1.sinks.k1.channel = c1
当然,如果想要别的机器可以连过来,可以通过设置r1.bind处的localhost改为主机名(此处为mini1)即可!
2.启动
bin/flume-ng agent --conf conf --conf-file conf/netcat-logger.conf --name a1 -Dflume.root.logger=INFO,console
其中,--conf指定指定配置文件目录,--conf-file指定配置方案,--name,指定agent名称,-D的为JVM参数,当然--conf等可以简写如下:
bin/flume-ng agent -c conf -f conf/netcat-logger.conf -n a1 -Dflume.root.logger=INFO,console
//注意这里conf是相对路径了
3.登录
打开另外一个终端(复制SSH隧道):
telnet localhost 44444
// 这里本机没有安装telnet,故先安装telnet:https://www.cnblogs.com/lixuwu/p/6102444.html
这里在flume服务端就可以看到接收的信息了,如果消息太长被截断,可以通过参数设置:
max-line-length 512 Max line length per event body (in bytes)
完整的参照官网configuration下的sources下的netcat相关的参数设置!
以上这些完整的介绍,都在官方文档中:http://flume.apache.org/FlumeUserGuide.html
配置采集源为spool目录
在conf下新建spool.conf
# Name the components on this agent
a1.sources = r1
a1.sinks = k1
a1.channels = c1
# Describe/configure the source
#监听目录,spoolDir指定目录, fileHeader要不要给文件夹前坠名
a1.sources.r1.type = spooldir
a1.sources.r1.spoolDir = /home/hadoop/flumespool
a1.sources.r1.fileHeader = true
# Describe the sink
a1.sinks.k1.type = logger
# Use a channel which buffers events in memory
a1.channels.c1.type = memory
a1.channels.c1.capacity = 1000
a1.channels.c1.transactionCapacity = 100
# Bind the source and sink to the channel
a1.sources.r1.channels = c1
a1.sinks.k1.channel = c1
启动
bin/flume-ng agent -c ./conf -f ./conf/spool-logger.conf -n a1 -Dflume.root.logger=INFO,console
此时通过cp等命令往flumespool中添加文件即可看到效果!
但是不能有相同的文件名,否则会报错!
四、采集文件到HDFS
1.conf下新建tail-hdfs.conf
# Name the components on this agent
a1.sources = r1
a1.sinks = k1
a1.channels = c1
#exec 指的是命令
# Describe/configure the source
a1.sources.r1.type = exec
#F根据文件名追踪, f根据文件的nodeid追踪
a1.sources.r1.command = tail -F /home/hadoop/log/test.log
a1.sources.r1.channels = c1
# Describe the sink
#下沉目标
a1.sinks.k1.type = hdfs
a1.sinks.k1.channel = c1
#指定目录, flum帮做目的替换
a1.sinks.k1.hdfs.path = /flume/events/%y-%m-%d/%H%M/
#文件的命名, 前缀
a1.sinks.k1.hdfs.filePrefix = events-
#10 分钟就改目录
a1.sinks.k1.hdfs.round = true
a1.sinks.k1.hdfs.roundValue = 10
a1.sinks.k1.hdfs.roundUnit = minute
#文件滚动之前的等待时间(秒)
a1.sinks.k1.hdfs.rollInterval = 3
#文件滚动的大小限制(bytes)
a1.sinks.k1.hdfs.rollSize = 500
#写入多少个event数据后滚动文件(事件个数)
a1.sinks.k1.hdfs.rollCount = 20
#5个事件就往里面写入
a1.sinks.k1.hdfs.batchSize = 5
#用本地时间格式化目录
a1.sinks.k1.hdfs.useLocalTimeStamp = true
#下沉后, 生成的文件类型,默认是Sequencefile,可用DataStream,则为普通文本
a1.sinks.k1.hdfs.fileType = DataStream
# Use a channel which buffers events in memory
a1.channels.c1.type = memory
a1.channels.c1.capacity = 1000
a1.channels.c1.transactionCapacity = 100
# Bind the source and sink to the channel
a1.sources.r1.channels = c1
a1.sinks.k1.channel = c1
注意这里换成exec命令形式了,不采用之前的spoolDir,只是采集源不同而已
2.准备测试数据
[hadoop@mini1 conf]$ mkdir /home/hadoop/log
[hadoop@mini1 conf]$ touch /home/hadoop/log/test.log
[hadoop@mini1 ~]$ while true
> do
> echo 10086 >> /home/hadoop/log/test.log
> sleep 0.5
> done
//当然,通过常规的新建.sh文件运行也是可以的
新开终端可以查看效果
[hadoop@mini1 ~]$ tail -F /home/hadoop/log/test.log
3.启动HDFS
start-dfs.sh
4.启动flume
bin/flume-ng agent -c conf -f conf/tail-hdfs.conf -n a1
5.查看效果
通过网页mini1:50070直接可以查看到相关目录的生成
如果为spoolDir形式,参考:https://www.cnblogs.com/cnmenglang/p/6543927.html
五、多agent串联
主要就是一个的sink为另外一个的source即可!