深入学习Netty(3)——传统AIO编程

前言

  之前已经整理过了BIO、NIO两种I/O的相关博文,每一种I/O都有其特点,但相对开发而言,肯定是要又高效又简单的I/O编程才是真正需要的,在之前的NIO博文(深入学习Netty(2)——传统NIO编程)中就已经介绍过NIO编程的缺点(相比较而言的缺点:同步非阻塞,需要单独开启线程不断轮询),所以才会有真正的异步非阻塞I/O出现,这就是此篇博文需要介绍的AIO编程。

  参考资料《Netty In Action》、《Netty权威指南》(有需要的小伙伴可以评论或者私信我)

  博文中所有的代码都已上传到Github,欢迎Star、Fork

  感兴趣可以先学习相关博文:

 


 

一、NIO 2.0与AIO编程

  JDK 1.7升级了NIO类库,升级后的NIO类库称之为NIO 2.0,Java提供了异步文件I/O操作,同时提供了与UNIX网络编程事件驱动I/O对应的AIO

  NIO 2.0的异步套接字通道是真正的异步非阻塞I/O,对应有UNIX网络编程中的事件驱动I/O(AIO),相比较NIO,它不需要通过Selector对注册的通道进行轮询操作即可实现异步读写,简化了NIO的编程模型。

  NIO 2.0提供了新的异步通道的概念,异步通道提供了以下两种方式获取操作结果:

  • 通过juc.Futrue类来表示异步操作的结果
AsynchronousSocketChannel socketChannel = AsynchronousSocketChannel.open();
InetSocketAddress inetSocketAddress = new InetSocketAddress("localhost", 8080);
Future<Void> connect = socketChannel.connect(inetSocketAddress);
while (!connect.isDone()) {
  Thread.sleep(
10); }
  • 在异步操作的时候传入java.nio.channels。实现CompletionHandler接口complete()的方法作为操作完成回调
private class MyCompletionHandler implements CompletionHandler<Integer, ByteBuffer> {
 
  @Override
  public void completed(Integer result, ByteBuffer attachment) {
    // TODO 回调后业务操作
  }
  @Override
  public void failed(Throwable t, ByteBuffer attachment) {
    t.printStackTrace();
  }

二、AIO服务端

(1)服务端AIO异步处理任务AsyncTimeServerHandler

  • 创建异步服务通道并监听端口
  • 异步监听客户端连接
/**
 * 服务端AIO异步处理任务
 * -创建异步服务通道监听端口
 * -监听客户端连接
 */
public class AsyncTimeServerHandler implements Runnable{

    private int port;

    CountDownLatch latch;
    AsynchronousServerSocketChannel asynchronousServerSocketChannel;

    public AsyncTimeServerHandler(int port) {
        this.port = port;
        try {
            // 创建异步的服务通道asynchronousServerSocketChannel, 并bind监听端口
            asynchronousServerSocketChannel = AsynchronousServerSocketChannel.open();
            asynchronousServerSocketChannel.bind(new InetSocketAddress(port));
            System.out.println("The time server is start in port : " + port);
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

    @Override
    public void run() {
        // countDownLatch没有count减一,所以导致一直阻塞
        latch = new CountDownLatch(1);
        doAccept();
        try {
            // 防止执行操作线程还未结束,服务端线程就退出,程序不退出的前提下,才能够让accept继续可以回调接受来自客户端的连接
            // 实际开发过程中不需要单独开启线程去处理AsynchronousServerSocketChannel
            latch.await();
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

    /**
     * 接收客户端的连接
     * 参数CompletionHandler类型的handler实例来接收accept操作成功的通知消息
     */
    public void doAccept() {
        asynchronousServerSocketChannel.accept(this, new AcceptCompletionHandler());
    }
}

(2)服务端连接异步回调处理器AcceptCompletionHandler:异步处理客户端连接完成后的操作

/**
 * 客户端连接异步处理器
 * completed()方法完成回调logic
 * failed()方法完成失败回调logic
 */
public class AcceptCompletionHandler implements CompletionHandler<AsynchronousSocketChannel, AsyncTimeServerHandler> {

    /**
     * 调用该方法表示客户端已经介接入成功
     * 同时再accept接收新的客户端连接
     * @param result
     * @param attachment
     */
    @Override
    public void completed(AsynchronousSocketChannel result,
                          AsyncTimeServerHandler attachment) {
        // 此时还要继续调用accept方法是因为,completed方法表示上一个客户端连接完成,而下一个新的客户端需要连接
        // 如此形成新的循环:每接收一个客户端的成功连接之后,再异步接收新的客户端连接
        attachment.asynchronousServerSocketChannel.accept(attachment, this);
        // 预分配1M的缓冲区
        ByteBuffer buffer = ByteBuffer.allocate(1024);
        // 调用read方法异步读,传入CompletionHandler类型参数异步回调读事件
        result.read(buffer, buffer, new ReadCompletionHandler(result));
    }

    @Override
    public void failed(Throwable exc, AsyncTimeServerHandler attachment) {
        exc.printStackTrace();
        // 让服务线程不再阻塞
        attachment.latch.countDown();
    }
}

(3)服务端read事件异步回调处理器ReadCompletionHandler:异步回调处理客户端请求数据

/**
 * 服务端read事件异步处理器
 *  completed异步回调处理客户端请求数据
 */
public class ReadCompletionHandler implements CompletionHandler<Integer, ByteBuffer> {
    private AsynchronousSocketChannel channel;

    public ReadCompletionHandler(AsynchronousSocketChannel channel) {
        if (this.channel == null) {
            this.channel = channel;
        }
    }

    @Override
    public void completed(Integer result, ByteBuffer attachment) {
        attachment.flip();
        // 根据缓冲区的可读字节创建byte数组
        byte[] body = new byte[attachment.remaining()];
        attachment.get(body);
        try {
            // 解析请求命令
            String req = new String(body, "UTF-8");
            System.out.println("The time server receive order : " + req);
            String currentTime = "QUERY TIME ORDER".equalsIgnoreCase(req) ? new java.util.Date(
                    System.currentTimeMillis()).toString() : "BAD ORDER";
            // 发送当前时间给客户端
            doWrite(currentTime);
        } catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

    private void doWrite(String currentTime) {
        if (currentTime != null && currentTime.trim().length() > 0) {
            byte[] bytes = (currentTime).getBytes();
            ByteBuffer writeBuffer = ByteBuffer.allocate(bytes.length);
            writeBuffer.put(bytes);
            writeBuffer.flip();
            // write异步回调,传入CompletionHandler类型参数
            channel.write(writeBuffer, writeBuffer,
                    new CompletionHandler<Integer, ByteBuffer>() {
                        @Override
                        public void completed(Integer result, ByteBuffer buffer) {
                            // 如果没有发送完成,继续发送
                            if (buffer.hasRemaining()) {
                                channel.write(buffer, buffer, this);
                            }
                        }

                        @Override
                        public void failed(Throwable exc, ByteBuffer attachment) {
                            try {
                                channel.close();
                            } catch (IOException e) {
                                // TODO 只要是I/O异常就需要关闭链路,释放资源

                            }
                        }
                    });
        }
    }

    @Override
    public void failed(Throwable exc, ByteBuffer attachment) {
        try {
            this.channel.close();
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
            // TODO 只要是I/O异常就需要关闭链路,释放资源
        }
    }
}

(4)服务端启动TimeServer

/**
 * AIO 异步非阻塞服务端
 * 不需要单独开线程去处理read、write等事件
 * 只需要关注complete-handlers中的回调completed方法
 */
public class TimeServer {

    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
        int port = 8086;
        AsyncTimeServerHandler timeServer = new AsyncTimeServerHandler(port);
        new Thread(timeServer, "AIO-AsyncTimeServerHandler").start();
    }
}

(5)启动服务端

服务端Console:

使用命令netstat查看8086端口是否监听

三、AIO客户端

(1)客户端AIO异步回调处理任务

  • 打开AsynchronousSocketChannel通道,连接服务端
  • 发送服务端指令
  • 回调处理服务端应答
/**
 * 客户端AIO异步回调处理任务
 * -打开AsynchronousSocketChannel通道,连接服务端
 * -发送服务端指令
 * -回调处理服务端应答
 */
public class AsyncTimeClientHandler implements CompletionHandler<Void, AsyncTimeClientHandler>, Runnable {

    private AsynchronousSocketChannel client;
    private String host;
    private int port;
    private CountDownLatch latch;

    public AsyncTimeClientHandler(String host, int port) {
        this.host = host;
        this.port = port;
        try {
            client = AsynchronousSocketChannel.open();
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

    @Override
    public void run() {
        latch = new CountDownLatch(1);
        client.connect(new InetSocketAddress(host, port), this, this);
        try {
            // 防止异步操作都没完成,连接线程就结束退出
            latch.await();
        } catch (InterruptedException e1) {
            e1.printStackTrace();
        }
        try {
            client.close();
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

    /**
     * 发送请求完成异步回调
     * @param result
     * @param attachment
     */
    @Override
    public void completed(Void result, AsyncTimeClientHandler attachment) {
        byte[] req = "QUERY TIME ORDER".getBytes();
        ByteBuffer writeBuffer = ByteBuffer.allocate(req.length);
        writeBuffer.put(req);
        writeBuffer.flip();
        client.write(writeBuffer, writeBuffer,
                new CompletionHandler<Integer, ByteBuffer>() {
                    @Override
                    public void completed(Integer result, ByteBuffer buffer) {
                        if (buffer.hasRemaining()) {
                            client.write(buffer, buffer, this);
                        } else {
                            ByteBuffer readBuffer = ByteBuffer.allocate(1024);
                            // 回调服务端应答消息
                            client.read(readBuffer, readBuffer,
                                    new CompletionHandler<Integer, ByteBuffer>() {
                                        @Override
                                        public void completed(Integer result, ByteBuffer buffer) {
                                            buffer.flip();
                                            byte[] bytes = new byte[buffer.remaining()];
                                            buffer.get(bytes);
                                            String body;
                                            try {
                                                body = new String(bytes, "UTF-8");
                                                System.out.println("Now is : " + body);
                                                // 服务端应答完成后,连接线程退出
                                                latch.countDown();
                                            } catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e) {
                                                e.printStackTrace();
                                            }
                                        }

                                        @Override
                                        public void failed(Throwable exc, ByteBuffer attachment) {
                                            try {
                                                client.close();
                                                // 防止线程一直阻塞
                                                latch.countDown();
                                            } catch (IOException e) {
                                                // ingnore on close
                                            }
                                        }
                                    });
                        }
                    }

                    @Override
                    public void failed(Throwable exc, ByteBuffer attachment) {
                        try {
                            client.close();
                            latch.countDown();
                        } catch (IOException e) {
                            // ingnore on close
                        }
                    }
                });
    }

    @Override
    public void failed(Throwable exc, AsyncTimeClientHandler attachment) {
        exc.printStackTrace();
        try {
            client.close();
            latch.countDown();
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
}

(2)客户端TimeClient

/**
 * AIO 异步非阻塞 客户端
 * 不需要单独开线程去处理read、write等事件
 * 只需要关注complete-handlers中的回调completed方法
 */
public class TimeClient {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        int port = 8086;
        new Thread(new AsyncTimeClientHandler("127.0.0.1", port), "AIO-AsyncTimeClientHandler").start();

    }
}

(3)启动客户端

客户端Console:

服务端Console:

四、总结

服务端通过countDownLatch一直阻塞

由代码实践我们可知:

  JDK底层通过ThreadPoolExecutor执行回调通知,异步回调通知类由sun.nio.ch.AsynchronousChannelGroupImpl实现,然后将任务提交到该线程池以处理I/O事件,并分派给completion-handlers ,该队列消耗对组中通道执行的异步操作的结果

  异步SocketChannel是被动执行,不需要单独像NIO编程那样单独创建一个独立的I/O线程处理读写操作,都是由JDK底层的线程池负责回调并驱动读写操作的。所以基于NIO 2.0的新的异步非阻塞相比较NIO编程要简单,这两区别在于:

  • 在NIO中等待IO事件由我们注册的selector来完成,在感兴趣的事情来了,我们的线程来accept.read.write.connect...解析,解析完后再交由业务逻辑处理。
  • 而在在异步IO(AIO、NIO 2.0)中等待IO事件同样为accept,read,write,connect,但数据处理交由系统完成,我们需要做的就是在completionHandlers中处理业务逻辑回调即可
posted @ 2021-07-07 12:03  JJian  阅读(773)  评论(0编辑  收藏  举报