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33. SQL--inner join:内连接

1. 前言

inner join 是 sql 中最重要、最常用的表连接形式,只有当连接的两个或者多个表中都存在满足条件的记录时,才返回行。

sql inner join 子句将 table1 和 table2 中的每一条记录进行比较,以找到满足条件的所有记录,然后将每一对满足条件的记录的字段值,合并为一条新的结果行。

inner join 是默认的表连接方式。当不加任何修饰性的关键字,只写 join 时,默认就是 inner join 连接。

2. 语法

inner join 的基本语法如下:

select table1.column1, table2.column2...
from table1
inner join table2
on table1.common_column1 = table2.common_column2;

table1.common_column1 = table2.common_column2 是连接条件,只有满足此条件的记录才会合并为一行。

以上 SQL 语句将产生 table1 和 table2 的交集,只有 table1 和 table2 中匹配的行才被返回,如下图所示:

SQL INNER JOIN

3. 示例

现在有如下所示的两个表,分别是客户表和订单表。

表1:customers 表

+----+----------+-----+-----------+----------+
| id | name     | age | address   | salary   |
+----+----------+-----+-----------+----------+
|  1 | Ramesh   |  32 | Ahmedabad |  2000.00 |
|  2 | Khilan   |  25 | Delhi     |  1500.00 |
|  3 | kaushik  |  23 | Kota      |  2000.00 |
|  4 | Chaitali |  25 | Mumbai    |  6500.00 |
|  5 | Hardik   |  27 | Bhopal    |  8500.00 |
|  6 | Komal    |  22 | MP        |  4500.00 |
|  7 | Muffy    |  24 | Indore    | 10000.00 |
+----+----------+-----+-----------+----------+

表2:orders 表

+-----+---------------------+-------------+--------+
| oid | date                | customer_id | amount |
+-----+---------------------+-------------+--------+
| 102 | 2009-10-08 00:00:00 |           3 |   3000 |
| 100 | 2009-10-08 00:00:00 |           3 |   1500 |
| 101 | 2009-11-20 00:00:00 |           2 |   1560 |
| 103 | 2008-05-20 00:00:00 |           4 |   2060 |
+-----+---------------------+-------------+--------+

现在,让我们使用 inner join 连接这两个表,如下所示:

sql> select  id, name, amount, date
     from customers
     inner join orders
     on customers.id = orders.customer_id;

执行结果:

+----+----------+--------+---------------------+
| ID | NAME     | AMOUNT | DATE                |
+----+----------+--------+---------------------+
|  3 | kaushik  |   3000 | 2009-10-08 00:00:00 |
|  3 | kaushik  |   1500 | 2009-10-08 00:00:00 |
|  2 | Khilan   |   1560 | 2009-11-20 00:00:00 |
|  4 | Chaitali |   2060 | 2008-05-20 00:00:00 |
+----+----------+--------+---------------------+

如果您不希望选取表的所有记录,也可以加上 WHERE 子句,如下所示:

sql> select  id, name, amount, date
     from customers
     inner join orders
     on customers.id = orders.customer_id;
     where amount >1515
     order by amount;

执行结果:

+----+----------+--------+---------------------+
| ID | NAME     | AMOUNT | DATE                |
+----+----------+--------+---------------------+
|  2 | Khilan   |   1560 | 2009-11-20 00:00:00 |
|  4 | Chaitali |   2060 | 2008-05-20 00:00:00 |
|  3 | kaushik  |   3000 | 2009-10-08 00:00:00 |
+----+----------+--------+---------------------+

 

posted @ 2022-09-01 15:39  v_jjling  阅读(1075)  评论(0编辑  收藏  举报
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