Linux 常用命令（防火墙，用户组，MD5等）
base
# 获取函数返回值或者上一个命令的退出状态 md5sum -c --status filename.md5 echo $? # 获取结果的第 1 行，第 2 列 ps -ef | grep tomcat | sed -n '1p' | awk '{print $2}' ps -ef | grep tomcat | awk 'NR>=1' | awk '{print $2}' ps -ef | grep tomcat | grep -v 'grep.*color=auto' | awk '{print $2}' # 命令输出结果作为输入参数 ps -ef | grep tomcat | grep -v 'grep.*color=auto' | awk '{print $2}' | xargs kill -9
end
shell 常用设置命令
# 关闭防火墙 systemctl stop firewalld.service systemctl disable firewalld.service # 替换阿里 yum 源 mv /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo.backup curl -o /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo https://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-7.repo # mv /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Linux-BaseOS.repo /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Linux-BaseOS.repo.backup # curl -o /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo https://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-8.repo sed -i -e '/mirrors.cloud.aliyuncs.com/d' -e '/mirrors.aliyuncs.com/d' /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo yum makecache # 安装 vim yum -y install vim # 关闭连接 ssh 时的 DNS 查询 sed -i 's/GSSAPIAuthentication yes/GSSAPIAuthentication no/g' /etc/ssh/sshd_config sed -i 's/#UseDNS yes/UseDNS no/g' /etc/ssh/sshd_config systemctl restart sshd # 关闭 selinux sed -i 's/SELINUX=enforcing/SELINUX=disabled/g' /etc/selinux/config # 关闭系统提示音 sed -i 's/#set bell-style none/set bell-style none/g' /etc/inputrc # 关闭 Vim 提示音 # sed -i '$a\setterm -blength 0' /etc/bashrc echo ':set vb t_vb=' > ~/.vimrc
end
apt
# 语言 https://www.debian.org/doc/manuals/debian-reference/ch08.zh-cn.html sudo dpkg-reconfigure locales # 换源 https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/help/ubuntu.html # sources.list 格式 sudo sed -i -E 's@(deb|security|ftp).debian.org@mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn@g' /etc/apt/sources.list # DEB822 格式 sudo sed -i 's@//.*archive.ubuntu.com@//mirrors.ustc.edu.cn@g' /etc/apt/sources.list.d/ubuntu.sources # 别名 echo -e "\nalias ll=\"ls -AlhX\"" >> ~/.bashrc # 安装 vim，https://github.com/amix/vimrc sudo apt update sudo apt install vim -y # 安装 jdk8 sudo vim /etc/apt/sources.list deb http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian sid main sudo apt update sudo apt install -y openjdk-8-jdk # nodejs 和 npm，https://github.com/nodesource/distributions sudo apt install curl curl -fsSL https://deb.nodesource.com/setup_lts.x | sudo -E bash - sudo apt install -y nodejs npm config set registry https://registry.npmmirror.com # python sudo apt install -y python3-pip pip config set global.index-url https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/simple # man gcc sudo vim /etc/apt/sources.list deb http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian buster-backports main non-free contrib sudo apt update sudo apt install gcc-doc
end
结束用户登录
# 查看 w # 结束 pts/0 pkill -kill -t pts/0
end
关闭 SSH 连接时的 DNS 解析
# 编辑配置文件，修改如下配置项 # GSSAPIAuthentication：基于 GSSAPI 的用户认证 # UseDNS：利用 DNS 解析，防止客户端欺骗 vim /etc/ssh/sshd_config GSSAPIAuthentication no UseDNS no # 重启服务 systemctl restart sshd
end
时间（centos8 无法使用，请使用 chrony：https://www.cnblogs.com/jhxxb/p/11526098.html）
yum -y install ntpdate ntpdate ntp.aliyun.com
end
用户，用户组
https://www.htcp.net/2746.html
# 修改文件或文件夹所属的用户和用户组 chown -R jenkins:jenkins ./jenkins/ # 修改文件或文件夹的权限 chmod -R 0777 ./jdk1.8.0_251/ # 查看所有用户 # cat /etc/passwd | grep -v nologin | grep -v halt | grep -v shutdown | awk -F":" '{ print $1"|"$3"|"$4 }' | more cat /etc/passwd # jenkins:x:998:996:Jenkins Automation Server:/var/lib/jenkins:/bin/false # 修改用户目录 usermod -d /opt/jenkins/ -u 998 jenkins # jenkins:x:998:996:Jenkins Automation Server:/opt/jenkins/:/bin/false
end
MD5
# 查看文件 md5 值
md5sum filename
# 查看文件 sha1 值
sha1sum filename
# 查看文件 sha256 值
sha256sum filename
# 查看当前目录下所有文件的 md5 值
md5sum *
end
修改主机名
# 查看主机名 cat /etc/hostname hostname # 修改主机名(非临时) vim /etc/hostname hostnamectl set-hostname xxxx
end
awk：https://coolshell.cn/articles/9070.html
sed：https://coolshell.cn/articles/9104.html
https://www.cnblogs.com/jhxxb/p/10573957.html
https://coolshell.cn/articles/8883.html
