Selenium Java
官网:https://www.seleniumhq.org/
下载地址:https://sites.google.com/a/chromium.org/chromedriver/downloads
华为镜像地址:https://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/chromedriver/
阿里镜像地址:https://npm.taobao.org/mirrors/chromedriver/
下载时,浏览器版本与 selenium 驱动版本要对应。
引入依赖,这里测试了 chrome 与 ie
![](https://images.cnblogs.com/OutliningIndicators/ContractedBlock.gif)
<dependency> <groupId>org.seleniumhq.selenium</groupId> <artifactId>selenium-chrome-driver</artifactId> <version>3.141.59</version> <exclusions> <exclusion> <artifactId>guava</artifactId> <groupId>com.google.guava</groupId> </exclusion> </exclusions> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.seleniumhq.selenium</groupId> <artifactId>selenium-ie-driver</artifactId> <version>3.141.59</version> <exclusions> <exclusion> <artifactId>guava</artifactId> <groupId>com.google.guava</groupId> </exclusion> </exclusions> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>com.google.guava</groupId> <artifactId>guava</artifactId> <version>28.0-jre</version> </dependency>
一、HelloWorld
打开浏览器,打开网页,关闭浏览器。
![](https://images.cnblogs.com/OutliningIndicators/ContractedBlock.gif)
static { // IE浏览器 (webdriver.ie.driver) // 火狐浏览器 (webdriver.gecko.driver) // 谷歌浏览器 (webdriver.chrome.driver) System.setProperty("webdriver.chrome.driver", "D:\\selenium\\chromedriver.exe"); System.setProperty("webdriver.chrome.bin", "D:\\selenium\\chrome.exe"); System.setProperty("webdriver.ie.driver", "D:\\selenium\\IEDriverServer.exe"); System.setProperty("webdriver.ie.bin", "C:\\Program Files\\internet explorer\\iexplore.exe"); } /** * https://www.seleniumhq.org/download/ * https://sites.google.com/a/chromium.org/chromedriver/downloads */ public static void main(String[] args) { // chrome(); ie(); } public static void chrome() { WebDriver driver = null; try { // InternetExplorerDriver() 浏览器 // FirefoxDriver() 火狐浏览器 // ChromeDriver() 谷歌浏览器 driver = new ChromeDriver(); driver.get("https://www.baidu.com/"); Thread.sleep(5000); } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); } finally { if (driver != null) { // 关闭浏览器当前窗口 driver.close(); // 退出 webdriver 并关闭浏览器 driver.quit(); } } } /** * Internet 选项->安全:四个区域的保护模式全部去掉勾选 * regedit * \HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Software\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Internet Settings\Zones\(0-4) 2500(0->3) */ public static void ie() { WebDriver driver = null; try { driver = new InternetExplorerDriver(); driver.get("https://www.baidu.com/"); Thread.sleep(5000); } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); } finally { if (driver != null) { driver.close(); driver.quit(); } } }
二、查找元素节点并获取元素信息
selenium 使用的时 xpath 语法
注意 iframe 标签,需要先切换(driver.switchTo().frame(element))才能获取其中的元素。
![](https://images.cnblogs.com/OutliningIndicators/ContractedBlock.gif)
static { System.setProperty("webdriver.chrome.driver", "D:\\selenium\\chromedriver.exe"); System.setProperty("webdriver.chrome.bin", "D:\\selenium\\chrome.exe"); } public static void main(String[] args) { WebDriver driver = null; try { driver = new ChromeDriver(); driver.get("https://www.baidu.com/"); // 在定位元素时,对所有元素设置超时时间,超出了设置时间则抛出异常 driver.manage().timeouts().implicitlyWait(20, TimeUnit.SECONDS); // xpath WebElement element = driver.findElement(By.xpath("//a[@id='jgwab']")); System.out.println(element.getText()); System.out.println(element.getAttribute("target")); // 选择器 element = driver.findElement(By.className("qrcode-text")).findElement(By.className("sub-title")); System.out.println(element.getText()); System.out.println(element.getTagName()); Thread.sleep(5000); } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); } finally { if (driver != null) { driver.close(); driver.quit(); } } }
三、动作链
找到元素节点后,对节点进行点击、输入、滑动等操作。
![](https://images.cnblogs.com/OutliningIndicators/ContractedBlock.gif)
static { System.setProperty("webdriver.chrome.driver", "D:\\selenium\\chromedriver.exe"); System.setProperty("webdriver.chrome.bin", "D:\\selenium\\chrome.exe"); } /** * 1. 鼠标左键点击 * Actions action = new Actions(driver); * action.click(); //鼠标左键点击当前停留的位置 * action.click(driver.findElement(By.id(“kw”))); //鼠标左键点击指定的元素对象 * <p> * 2. 鼠标右键点击 * Actions action = new Actions(driver); * action.contextClick(); //鼠标右键点击当前停留的位置 * action.contextClick(driver.findElement(By.id(“kw”))); //鼠标右键点击指定的元素对象 * <p> * 3. 鼠标双击 * Actions action = new Actions(driver); * action.doubleClick(); //鼠标双击当前停留的位置 * action.doubleClick(driver.findElement(By.id(“kw”))); //鼠标双击指定的元素对象 * <p> * 4. 鼠标拖拽 * Actions action = new Actions(driver); * action.dragAndDrop(el1,el2); //鼠标将el1元素拖放到el2元素的位置 * action.dragAndDrop(el1,x,y); //鼠标el1元素拖放到(x, y)位置,x为横坐标,y为纵坐标 * <p> * 5. 鼠标悬停 * Actions action = new Actions(driver); * action.clickAndHold(el); //鼠标悬停在el元素的位置 * <p> * 6. 鼠标移动 * Actions action = new Actions(driver); * action.moveToElement(el); //将鼠标移到el元素 * action.moveToElement(el,x,y); //将鼠标移到元素el的 (x, y) 位置 * <p> * 7. 鼠标释放 * action.release(); //释放鼠标 */ public static void main(String[] args) { WebDriver driver = null; try { driver = new ChromeDriver(); WebElement element = null; Actions actions = new Actions(driver); // 输入,点击 // driver.get("https://www.baidu.com/"); // element = driver.findElement(By.id("kw")); // actions.sendKeys(element, "yofc").click(driver.findElement(By.xpath("//*[@id=\"su\"]"))).perform(); // form // driver.get("http://127.0.5.1:81/user-login.html"); // element = driver.findElement(By.xpath("//input[@name='account']")); // element.sendKeys("yonghuming"); // element = driver.findElement(By.xpath("//input[@name='password']")); // element.sendKeys("mima"); // element = driver.findElement(By.className("form-condensed")); // element.submit(); // update file // driver.get("https://imgurl.org/"); // element = driver.findElement(By.className("layui-upload-file")); // element.sendKeys("D:\\selenium\\test.jpg"); // 滑动 // driver.get("http://www.jq22.com/yanshi20053"); // // element = driver.findElement(By.id("iframe")); // driver.switchTo().frame(element); // // element = driver.findElement(By.className("slider")); // actions.dragAndDropBy(element, 100, 0).perform(); // 执行 js driver.get("https://www.baidu.com/"); JavascriptExecutor je = (JavascriptExecutor) driver; je.executeScript("alert('hello!')"); // 缩放 // je.executeScript("document.getElementsByTagName('body')[0].style.zoom=0.5"); // 新窗口打开网页 // je.executeScript("window.open('http://www.baidu.com')"); Thread.sleep(3000); } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); } finally { if (driver != null) { driver.close(); driver.quit(); } } }
四、启动参数(chrome)
在浏览器启动时,加一些参数以实现一些功能。
![](https://images.cnblogs.com/OutliningIndicators/ContractedBlock.gif)
static { System.setProperty("webdriver.chrome.driver", "D:\\selenium\\chromedriver.exe"); System.setProperty("webdriver.chrome.bin", "D:\\selenium\\chrome.exe"); } public static void main(String[] args) { WebDriver driver = null; try { ChromeOptions co = new ChromeOptions(); co.addArguments("user-data-dir=D:\\selenium\\User Data"); // 无窗口模式 co.addArguments("headless"); // co.addArguments("lang=zh_CN.UTF-8"); // 代理 // co.addArguments("proxy-server=http://183.143.41.69:8888"); co.addArguments("user-agent='MQQBrowser/26 Mozilla/5.0 (Linux; U; Android 2.3.7; zh-cn; MB200 Build/GRJ22; CyanogenMod-7) AppleWebKit/533.1 (KHTML, like Gecko) Version/4.0 Mobile Safari/533.1'"); driver = new ChromeDriver(co); // 浏览器窗口大小 driver.manage().window().setSize(new Dimension(500,500)); // driver.manage().window().maximize(); driver.manage().deleteAllCookies(); driver.get("https://www.baidu.com/"); Thread.sleep(5000); } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); } finally { if (driver != null) { driver.close(); driver.quit(); } } }
五、JS 注入
让没有引入某些 js 的网页引入指定 js。
![](https://images.cnblogs.com/OutliningIndicators/ContractedBlock.gif)
static { System.setProperty("webdriver.chrome.driver", "D:\\selenium\\chromedriver.exe"); System.setProperty("webdriver.chrome.bin", "D:\\selenium\\chrome.exe"); } public static void main(String[] args) { WebDriver driver = null; try { driver = new ChromeDriver(); driver.get("http://127.0.0.1:8080"); JavascriptExecutor je = ((JavascriptExecutor) driver); try { je.executeScript("alert(jQuery()==null)"); Thread.sleep(3000); } catch (WebDriverException e) { je.executeScript("var h = document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0];" + "var ns = document.createElement('script');" + "ns.type = 'text/javascript';" + "ns.src = 'http://apps.bdimg.com/libs/jquery/2.1.4/jquery.min.js';" + "h.appendChild(ns);"); } Thread.sleep(1000); je.executeScript("alert(jQuery()==null)"); Thread.sleep(3000); } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); } finally { if (driver != null) { driver.close(); driver.quit(); } } }
六、截图
可以截取网页指定区域
![](https://images.cnblogs.com/OutliningIndicators/ContractedBlock.gif)
static { System.setProperty("webdriver.chrome.driver", "D:\\selenium\\chromedriver.exe"); System.setProperty("webdriver.chrome.bin", "D:\\selenium\\chrome.exe"); } public static void main(String[] args) { WebDriver driver = null; try { driver = new ChromeDriver(); driver.get("https://www.baidu.com/"); WebElement element = driver.findElement(By.className("index-logo-src")); File file = captureElement(driver, element); copyFile(file,new File("D:\\123.png")); } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); } finally { if (driver != null) { driver.close(); driver.quit(); } } } private static File captureElement(WebDriver driver, WebElement element) throws Exception { // 整个网页 File screen = ((TakesScreenshot) driver).getScreenshotAs(OutputType.FILE); BufferedImage img = ImageIO.read(screen); // 获得元素的高度和宽度 int width = element.getSize().getWidth(); int height = element.getSize().getHeight(); // 创建一个矩形使用上面的高度,和宽度 Rectangle rect = new Rectangle(width, height); // 得到元素的坐标 Point p = element.getLocation(); // 从整个网页中截取指定元素 BufferedImage dest = img.getSubimage(p.getX(), p.getY(), rect.width, rect.height); // 存为png格式 ImageIO.write(dest, "png", screen); return screen; } private static void copyFile(File source, File dest) throws IOException { InputStream input = null; OutputStream output = null; try { input = new FileInputStream(source); output = new FileOutputStream(dest); byte[] buf = new byte[1024]; int bytesRead; while ((bytesRead = input.read(buf)) != -1) { output.write(buf, 0, bytesRead); } } finally { input.close(); output.close(); } }