MS-SQLServer 2000 T-SQL 交叉报表(行列互换) 交叉查询 旋转查询
在MS-SQLServer 2005 中可以使用pivot运算符来来实现行列转换. ,但在以下版本中必须使用 case when then else end 语句
下面以学生成绩表来举例:
id姓名 科目 成绩
1 张三 语文 60
2 张三 数学 65
3 张三 外语 70
4 李四 语文 80
5 李四 数学 90
6 李四 外语 85
7 王五 语文 70
8 王五 数学 71
9 王五 外语 75
10 赵六 语文 64
11 赵六 数学 67
12 赵六 外语 76
查询后得出:
姓名 语文数学外语
李四 80 90 85
王五 70 71 75
张三 60 65 70
赵六 64 67 76
准备数据:
select * from sysobjects where [xtype]='u'
go
if exists(select id from sysobjects where name='studentscore')
drop table studentscore--删除与实验冲突的表
go
create table studentscore--创建实验表
(
[id] int identity(1,1),
[name] nvarchar(20) not null,
subject nvarchar(20) not null,
score int not null
)
go
select * from studentscore
go
--添加实验数据
insert studentscore values ('张三','语文','60');
insert studentscore values ('张三','数学','65');
insert studentscore values ('张三','外语','70');
insert studentscore values ('李四','语文','80');
insert studentscore values ('李四','数学','90');
insert studentscore values ('李四','外语','85');
insert studentscore values ('王五','语文','70');
insert studentscore values ('王五','数学','71');
insert studentscore values ('王五','外语','75');
insert studentscore values ('赵六','语文','64');
insert studentscore values ('赵六','数学','67');
insert studentscore values ('赵六','外语','76');
go
select * from studentscore
go
go
if exists(select id from sysobjects where name='studentscore')
drop table studentscore--删除与实验冲突的表
go
create table studentscore--创建实验表
(
[id] int identity(1,1),
[name] nvarchar(20) not null,
subject nvarchar(20) not null,
score int not null
)
go
select * from studentscore
go
--添加实验数据
insert studentscore values ('张三','语文','60');
insert studentscore values ('张三','数学','65');
insert studentscore values ('张三','外语','70');
insert studentscore values ('李四','语文','80');
insert studentscore values ('李四','数学','90');
insert studentscore values ('李四','外语','85');
insert studentscore values ('王五','语文','70');
insert studentscore values ('王五','数学','71');
insert studentscore values ('王五','外语','75');
insert studentscore values ('赵六','语文','64');
insert studentscore values ('赵六','数学','67');
insert studentscore values ('赵六','外语','76');
go
select * from studentscore
go
我们先利用case when then else end 语句将行转为列:
select [name],语文=case when subject='语文' then score else 0 end from studentscore group by [name],subject,score
这里为了好理解只取一列,得到下面的结果
有了语文成绩行专列的例子后,我们很容易将其他两列也添加进来,
select [name],
语文=case
when subject='语文' then score else 0
end,
数学=case
when subject='数学' then score else 0
end,
外语=case
when subject='外语' then score else 0
end
from studentscore
group by [name],subject,score
语文=case
when subject='语文' then score else 0
end,
数学=case
when subject='数学' then score else 0
end,
外语=case
when subject='外语' then score else 0
end
from studentscore
group by [name],subject,score
下面是查询后的结果:
现在只要把name相同的行合并到一起就ok了,
select [name],
语文=max(case
when subject='语文' then score else 0
end),
数学=max(case
when subject='数学' then score else 0
end),
外语=max(case
when subject='外语' then score else 0
end)
from studentscore
group by [name]
语文=max(case
when subject='语文' then score else 0
end),
数学=max(case
when subject='数学' then score else 0
end),
外语=max(case
when subject='外语' then score else 0
end)
from studentscore
group by [name]
好了,看看结果吧.
上面是列数可枚举时的代码,很多情况下到底有多少列是动态的或者不可知的.
这个时候需要拼下SQL语句了.
declare @sql varchar(8000)
set @sql = 'select [name],'
select @sql = @sql + 'sum(case subject when '''+subject+'''
then score else 0 end) as '''+subject+''','
from (select distinct subject from studentscore) as a
select @sql = left(@sql,len(@sql)-1) + ' from studentscore group by [name]'
print @sql --查看生成的sql代码
exec(@sql)
set @sql = 'select [name],'
select @sql = @sql + 'sum(case subject when '''+subject+'''
then score else 0 end) as '''+subject+''','
from (select distinct subject from studentscore) as a
select @sql = left(@sql,len(@sql)-1) + ' from studentscore group by [name]'
print @sql --查看生成的sql代码
exec(@sql)
打印生成的sql代码如下:
这个语句还可以再优化些,呵呵.各位大虾有么有更好的方案?
end
转自:http://blog.csdn.net/ylqmf/article/details/4438383