Linux基础篇(系统管理)(含服务相关命令)
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服务管理
计算机中一个正在被执行的程序或进程,被叫做”进程“(process)(以d结尾的被称为守护进程);
启动之后一直存在,常驻内存的进程,被称为”服务“(service);
基本语法:(CentOS 6版本)
-- serviceName:服务名 -- start:开启 -- stop:停止 -- restart:重启 -- status:状态 service serviceName start|stop|restart|status
查看服务:(CentOS 6版本)
-- .d:守护进程 -- serviceName:服务名 /etc/init.d/serviceName
-- 查看network服务(网络服务) [root@hadoop100 ~]# /etc/init.d/network Usage: /etc/init.d/network {start|stop|status|restart|force-reload} -- 查看 /etc/init.d/ 下的服务文件 [root@hadoop100 ~]# ll /etc/init.d/ 总用量 40 -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 18281 5月 22 2020 functions -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 4569 5月 22 2020 netconsole -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 7928 5月 22 2020 network -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 1160 10月 2 2020 README
在 CentOS 7版本中,保留了 CentOS 7 network 服务(兼容),并使用了新服务 NetworkManager 来管理 网络;
基本语法:(CentOS 7版本)
-- start:启动 -- stop:停止 -- restart:重启 -- status:状态 -- serviceName:服务名 systemctl start|stop|restart|status serviceName
查看服务:(CentOS 7版本)
-- 查看 /usr/lib/systemd/ 文件夹下的所有服务 [root@hadoop100 ~]# ls /usr/lib/systemd/ catalog systemd-activate systemd-machined systemd-sysv-install import-pubring.gpg systemd-backlight systemd-machine-id-commit systemd-timedated ntp-units.d systemd-binfmt systemd-modules-load systemd-udevd rhel-autorelabel systemd-bootchart systemd-pull systemd-update-done rhel-configure systemd-cgroups-agent systemd-quotacheck systemd-update-utmp rhel-dmesg systemd-coredump systemd-random-seed systemd-user-sessions rhel-dmraid-activation systemd-cryptsetup systemd-readahead systemd-vconsole-setup rhel-domainname systemd-fsck systemd-remount-fs system-generators rhel-import-state systemd-hibernate-resume systemd-reply-password system-preset rhel-loadmodules systemd-hostnamed systemd-rfkill system-shutdown rhel-readonly systemd-importd systemd-shutdown system-sleep scripts systemd-initctl systemd-shutdownd user system systemd-journald systemd-sleep user-generators systemd systemd-localed systemd-socket-proxyd user-preset systemd-ac-power systemd-logind systemd-sysctl
CentOS 7版本启动了两个网络服务
-- 查看NetworkManager状态 [root@hadoop100 ~]# systemctl status NetworkManager ● NetworkManager.service - Network Manager Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/NetworkManager.service; enabled; vendor preset: enabled) Active: active (running) since 四 2022-07-28 11:39:50 CST; 2 weeks 0 days ago Docs: man:NetworkManager(8) Main PID: 761 (NetworkManager) Tasks: 3 CGroup: /system.slice/NetworkManager.service └─761 /usr/sbin/NetworkManager --no-daemon 8月 12 09:44:20 hadoop100 NetworkManager[761]: <info> [1660268660.1493] device (ens33): state change: config -...ged') 8月 12 09:44:20 hadoop100 NetworkManager[761]: <info> [1660268660.1596] device (ens33): state change: ip-confi...ged') 8月 12 09:44:20 hadoop100 NetworkManager[761]: <info> [1660268660.1607] device (ens33): state change: ip-check...ged') 8月 12 09:44:20 hadoop100 NetworkManager[761]: <info> [1660268660.1609] device (ens33): state change: secondar...ged') 8月 12 09:44:20 hadoop100 NetworkManager[761]: <info> [1660268660.1616] manager: NetworkManager state is now C...LOCAL 8月 12 09:44:20 hadoop100 NetworkManager[761]: <info> [1660268660.1671] manager: NetworkManager state is now C..._SITE 8月 12 09:44:20 hadoop100 NetworkManager[761]: <info> [1660268660.1674] policy: set 'ens33' (ens33) as default...d DNS 8月 12 09:44:20 hadoop100 NetworkManager[761]: <info> [1660268660.1712] device (ens33): Activation: successful...ated. 8月 12 09:44:20 hadoop100 NetworkManager[761]: <info> [1660268660.1721] manager: NetworkManager state is now C...LOBAL 8月 12 10:25:07 hadoop100 NetworkManager[761]: <info> [1660271107.0709] agent-manager: req[0x5654bdd11c80, :1....tered Hint: Some lines were ellipsized, use -l to show in full. -- 查看network状态 [root@hadoop100 ~]# systemctl status network ● network.service - LSB: Bring up/down networking Loaded: loaded (/etc/rc.d/init.d/network; bad; vendor preset: disabled) Active: active (exited) since 五 2022-08-12 09:44:20 CST; 50min ago Docs: man:systemd-sysv-generator(8) Process: 7932 ExecStop=/etc/rc.d/init.d/network stop (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS) Process: 8095 ExecStart=/etc/rc.d/init.d/network start (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS) Tasks: 0 8月 12 09:44:19 hadoop100 systemd[1]: Starting LSB: Bring up/down networking... 8月 12 09:44:19 hadoop100 network[8095]: 正在打开环回接口: [ 确定 ] 8月 12 09:44:20 hadoop100 network[8095]: 正在打开接口 ens33: 连接已成功激活(D-Bus 活动路径:/org/freedesktop/…on/11) 8月 12 09:44:20 hadoop100 network[8095]: [ 确定 ] 8月 12 09:44:20 hadoop100 systemd[1]: Started LSB: Bring up/down networking. Hint: Some lines were ellipsized, use -l to show in full.
此时我们关闭 network,并重新启动 NetworkManager
-- 停止 centos 6版本遗留的 网络服务 network [root@hadoop100 ~]# systemctl stop network -- 停止之后发现无法访问网络 [root@hadoop100 ~]# ping www.baidu.com ping: www.baidu.com: 未知的名称或服务 -- 此时重启 centos 7版本推荐的 网络服务 NetworkManager即可 [root@hadoop100 ~]# systemctl restart NetworkManager [root@hadoop100 ~]# ping www.baidu.com PING www.a.shifen.com (14.215.177.39) 56(84) bytes of data. 64 bytes from 14.215.177.39 (14.215.177.39): icmp_seq=1 ttl=128 time=26.3 ms 64 bytes from 14.215.177.39 (14.215.177.39): icmp_seq=2 ttl=128 time=25.0 ms
注意事项:若是使用CMD窗口、软件工具等连接的虚拟机,关闭网络服务 network 后自动断开连接;
设置服务自启动
输入命令 setup 即可看到一个交互式设置工具(图形化界面)
使用命令配置开机自启动(CentOS 6操作命令)
查看自启动服务列表(chkconfig --list)
[root@hadoop100 ~]# chkconfig --list 注:该输出结果只显示 SysV 服务,并不包含 原生 systemd 服务。SysV 配置数据 可能被原生 systemd 配置覆盖。 要列出 systemd 服务,请执行 'systemctl list-unit-files'。 查看在具体 target 启用的服务请执行 'systemctl list-dependencies [target]'。 netconsole 0:关 1:关 2:关 3:关 4:关 5:关 6:关 network 0:关 1:关 2:关 3:关 4:关 5:关 6:关
更改服务自启动语法
-- serviceName:服务名称 -- off:关闭 -- on:开启 -- 注意:当前语法未指定系统级别,因此当使用 on 开启的时候,开启的是所有运行级别,但某些运行级别不存在服务的不受影响; chkconfig serviceName off|on -- runLevel:指定的运行级别 -- serviceName:服务名称 -- off:关闭 -- on:开启 chkconfig --level runLevel serviceName off|on
[root@hadoop100 ~]# chkconfig --list 注:该输出结果只显示 SysV 服务,并不包含 原生 systemd 服务。SysV 配置数据 可能被原生 systemd 配置覆盖。 要列出 systemd 服务,请执行 'systemctl list-unit-files'。 查看在具体 target 启用的服务请执行 'systemctl list-dependencies [target]'。 netconsole 0:关 1:关 2:关 3:关 4:关 5:关 6:关 network 0:关 1:关 2:关 3:关 4:关 5:关 6:关 [root@hadoop100 ~]# chkconfig network on [root@hadoop100 ~]# chkconfig --list 注:该输出结果只显示 SysV 服务,并不包含 原生 systemd 服务。SysV 配置数据 可能被原生 systemd 配置覆盖。 要列出 systemd 服务,请执行 'systemctl list-unit-files'。 查看在具体 target 启用的服务请执行 'systemctl list-dependencies [target]'。 netconsole 0:关 1:关 2:关 3:关 4:关 5:关 6:关 network 0:关 1:关 2:开 3:开 4:开 5:开 6:关 [root@hadoop100 ~]# chkconfig network off [root@hadoop100 ~]# chkconfig --list 注:该输出结果只显示 SysV 服务,并不包含 原生 systemd 服务。SysV 配置数据 可能被原生 systemd 配置覆盖。 要列出 systemd 服务,请执行 'systemctl list-unit-files'。 查看在具体 target 启用的服务请执行 'systemctl list-dependencies [target]'。 netconsole 0:关 1:关 2:关 3:关 4:关 5:关 6:关 network 0:关 1:关 2:关 3:关 4:关 5:关 6:关 [root@hadoop100 ~]# chkconfig --level 5 network on [root@hadoop100 ~]# chkconfig --list 注:该输出结果只显示 SysV 服务,并不包含 原生 systemd 服务。SysV 配置数据 可能被原生 systemd 配置覆盖。 要列出 systemd 服务,请执行 'systemctl list-unit-files'。 查看在具体 target 启用的服务请执行 'systemctl list-dependencies [target]'。 netconsole 0:关 1:关 2:关 3:关 4:关 5:关 6:关 network 0:关 1:关 2:关 3:关 4:关 5:开 6:关
使用命令配置开机自启动(CentOS 7操作命令)
-- 查看所有服务列表 systemctl list-unit-files -- enable:开启 -- disable:关闭 -- serviceName:服务名称 systemctl enable|disable serviceName
[root@hadoop100 ~]# systemctl status NetworkManager ● NetworkManager.service - Network Manager Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/NetworkManager.service; enabled; vendor preset: enabled) Active: active (running) since 五 2022-08-12 11:42:44 CST; 2h 16min ago Docs: man:NetworkManager(8) Main PID: 724 (NetworkManager) CGroup: /system.slice/NetworkManager.service └─724 /usr/sbin/NetworkManager --no-daemon 8月 12 13:32:38 hadoop100 NetworkManager[724]: <info> [1660282358.4141] device (ens33): state change: prepare ...ged') 8月 12 13:32:38 hadoop100 NetworkManager[724]: <info> [1660282358.4805] device (ens33): state change: config -...ged') 8月 12 13:32:38 hadoop100 NetworkManager[724]: <info> [1660282358.4842] device (ens33): state change: ip-confi...ged') 8月 12 13:32:38 hadoop100 NetworkManager[724]: <info> [1660282358.4849] device (ens33): state change: ip-check...ged') 8月 12 13:32:38 hadoop100 NetworkManager[724]: <info> [1660282358.4850] device (ens33): state change: secondar...ged') 8月 12 13:32:38 hadoop100 NetworkManager[724]: <info> [1660282358.4855] manager: NetworkManager state is now C...LOCAL 8月 12 13:32:38 hadoop100 NetworkManager[724]: <info> [1660282358.4975] manager: NetworkManager state is now C..._SITE 8月 12 13:32:38 hadoop100 NetworkManager[724]: <info> [1660282358.4976] policy: set 'ens33' (ens33) as default...d DNS 8月 12 13:32:38 hadoop100 NetworkManager[724]: <info> [1660282358.5059] device (ens33): Activation: successful...ated. 8月 12 13:32:38 hadoop100 NetworkManager[724]: <info> [1660282358.5063] manager: NetworkManager state is now C...LOBAL Hint: Some lines were ellipsized, use -l to show in full. [root@hadoop100 ~]# systemctl disable NetworkManager Removed symlink /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/NetworkManager.service. Removed symlink /etc/systemd/system/dbus-org.freedesktop.nm-dispatcher.service. Removed symlink /etc/systemd/system/network-online.target.wants/NetworkManager-wait-online.service. [root@hadoop100 ~]# systemctl status NetworkManager ● NetworkManager.service - Network Manager Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/NetworkManager.service; disabled; vendor preset: enabled) Active: active (running) since 五 2022-08-12 11:42:44 CST; 2h 18min ago Docs: man:NetworkManager(8) Main PID: 724 (NetworkManager) CGroup: /system.slice/NetworkManager.service └─724 /usr/sbin/NetworkManager --no-daemon 8月 12 13:32:38 hadoop100 NetworkManager[724]: <info> [1660282358.4141] device (ens33): state change: prepare ...ged') 8月 12 13:32:38 hadoop100 NetworkManager[724]: <info> [1660282358.4805] device (ens33): state change: config -...ged') 8月 12 13:32:38 hadoop100 NetworkManager[724]: <info> [1660282358.4842] device (ens33): state change: ip-confi...ged') 8月 12 13:32:38 hadoop100 NetworkManager[724]: <info> [1660282358.4849] device (ens33): state change: ip-check...ged') 8月 12 13:32:38 hadoop100 NetworkManager[724]: <info> [1660282358.4850] device (ens33): state change: secondar...ged') 8月 12 13:32:38 hadoop100 NetworkManager[724]: <info> [1660282358.4855] manager: NetworkManager state is now C...LOCAL 8月 12 13:32:38 hadoop100 NetworkManager[724]: <info> [1660282358.4975] manager: NetworkManager state is now C..._SITE 8月 12 13:32:38 hadoop100 NetworkManager[724]: <info> [1660282358.4976] policy: set 'ens33' (ens33) as default...d DNS 8月 12 13:32:38 hadoop100 NetworkManager[724]: <info> [1660282358.5059] device (ens33): Activation: successful...ated. 8月 12 13:32:38 hadoop100 NetworkManager[724]: <info> [1660282358.5063] manager: NetworkManager state is now C...LOBAL Hint: Some lines were ellipsized, use -l to show in full.
-- enable:开启 -- disabale:关闭 -- static:静态,依赖于其他服务 [root@hadoop100 ~]# systemctl list-unit-files UNIT FILE STATE proc-sys-fs-binfmt_misc.automount static dev-hugepages.mount static dev-mqueue.mount static proc-fs-nfsd.mount static proc-sys-fs-binfmt_misc.mount static run-vmblock\x2dfuse.mount disabled sys-fs-fuse-connections.mount static sys-kernel-config.mount static sys-kernel-debug.mount static tmp.mount disabled var-lib-nfs-rpc_pipefs.mount static brandbot.path disabled cups.path enabled systemd-ask-password-console.path static systemd-ask-password-plymouth.path static systemd-ask-password-wall.path static session-1.scope static session-3.scope static session-9.scope static abrt-ccpp.service enabled abrt-oops.service enabled abrt-pstoreoops.service disabled abrt-vmcore.service enabled abrt-xorg.service enabled abrtd.service enabled accounts-daemon.service enabled alsa-restore.service static alsa-state.service static anaconda-direct.service static anaconda-nm-config.service static anaconda-noshell.service static anaconda-pre.service static anaconda-shell@.service static anaconda-sshd.service static anaconda-tmux@.service static anaconda.service static arp-ethers.service disabled atd.service enabled auditd.service enabled auth-rpcgss-module.service static autofs.service disabled autovt@.service enabled avahi-daemon.service enabled blk-availability.service enabled bluetooth.service enabled bolt.service static brandbot.service static ... ... ...
init与systemd的区别:
init
以前的Linux启动都是用init进程。启动服务;
缺点:
- 启动时间长。init进程是串行启动,只有前一个进程启动完,才会启动下一个进程。
- 启动脚本复杂。init进程只是执行启动脚本,不管其他事情。脚本需要自己处理各种情况,这往往使得脚本变得很长。
systemd
在较新的linux系统上,都使用systemd 取代了init,成为系统的第一个进程(PID 等于 1),其他进程都是它的子进程。systemd为系统启动和管理提供了完整的解决方案。它提供了一组命令。字母d是守护进程(daemon)的缩写。查看systemd 的版本:
systemctl --version
CentOS 7防火墙自启动操作
-- 查看当前防火墙状态,firewalld:是防火墙服务的守护线程,(.service可以省略不写),当前防火墙正在运行,并且是自启动 [root@hadoop100 ~]# systemctl status firewalld.service ● firewalld.service - firewalld - dynamic firewall daemon Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/firewalld.service; enabled; vendor preset: enabled) Active: active (running) since 五 2022-08-12 11:42:44 CST; 2h 37min ago Docs: man:firewalld(1) Main PID: 683 (firewalld) CGroup: /system.slice/firewalld.service └─683 /usr/bin/python2 -Es /usr/sbin/firewalld --nofork --nopid 8月 12 11:42:42 hadoop100 systemd[1]: Starting firewalld - dynamic firewall daemon... 8月 12 11:42:44 hadoop100 systemd[1]: Started firewalld - dynamic firewall daemon. 8月 12 11:42:45 hadoop100 firewalld[683]: WARNING: AllowZoneDrifting is enabled. This is considered an insecure... now. Hint: Some lines were ellipsized, use -l to show in full. -- 关闭防火墙 [root@hadoop100 ~]# systemctl stop firewalld.service -- 查看防火墙状态,当前防火墙已经关闭,但依旧是自启动 [root@hadoop100 ~]# systemctl status firewalld.service ● firewalld.service - firewalld - dynamic firewall daemon Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/firewalld.service; enabled; vendor preset: enabled) Active: inactive (dead) since 五 2022-08-12 14:22:44 CST; 42s ago Docs: man:firewalld(1) Process: 683 ExecStart=/usr/sbin/firewalld --nofork --nopid $FIREWALLD_ARGS (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS) Main PID: 683 (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS) 8月 12 11:42:42 hadoop100 systemd[1]: Starting firewalld - dynamic firewall daemon... 8月 12 11:42:44 hadoop100 systemd[1]: Started firewalld - dynamic firewall daemon. 8月 12 11:42:45 hadoop100 firewalld[683]: WARNING: AllowZoneDrifting is enabled. This is considered an insecure... now. 8月 12 14:22:43 hadoop100 systemd[1]: Stopping firewalld - dynamic firewall daemon... 8月 12 14:22:44 hadoop100 systemd[1]: Stopped firewalld - dynamic firewall daemon. Hint: Some lines were ellipsized, use -l to show in full. -- 关闭防火墙自启动 [root@hadoop100 ~]# systemctl disable firewalld.service Removed symlink /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/firewalld.service. Removed symlink /etc/systemd/system/dbus-org.fedoraproject.FirewallD1.service. -- 当前防火墙是关闭状态,并且自启动也被关闭 [root@hadoop100 ~]# systemctl status firewalld.service ● firewalld.service - firewalld - dynamic firewall daemon Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/firewalld.service; disabled; vendor preset: enabled) Active: inactive (dead) Docs: man:firewalld(1) 8月 12 11:42:42 hadoop100 systemd[1]: Starting firewalld - dynamic firewall daemon... 8月 12 11:42:44 hadoop100 systemd[1]: Started firewalld - dynamic firewall daemon. 8月 12 11:42:45 hadoop100 firewalld[683]: WARNING: AllowZoneDrifting is enabled. This is considered an insecure... now. 8月 12 14:22:43 hadoop100 systemd[1]: Stopping firewalld - dynamic firewall daemon... 8月 12 14:22:44 hadoop100 systemd[1]: Stopped firewalld - dynamic firewall daemon. Hint: Some lines were ellipsized, use -l to show in full. -- 开启防火墙自启动 [root@hadoop100 ~]# systemctl enable firewalld.service Created symlink from /etc/systemd/system/dbus-org.fedoraproject.FirewallD1.service to /usr/lib/systemd/system/firewalld.service. Created symlink from /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/firewalld.service to /usr/lib/systemd/system/firewalld.service. -- 开启防火墙 [root@hadoop100 ~]# systemctl start firewalld.service -- 查看当前防火墙状态,已经启动,并且是开机自启动 [root@hadoop100 ~]# systemctl status firewalld.service ● firewalld.service - firewalld - dynamic firewall daemon Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/firewalld.service; enabled; vendor preset: enabled) Active: active (running) since 五 2022-08-12 14:30:44 CST; 1min 48s ago Docs: man:firewalld(1) Main PID: 4954 (firewalld) Tasks: 2 CGroup: /system.slice/firewalld.service └─4954 /usr/bin/python2 -Es /usr/sbin/firewalld --nofork --nopid 8月 12 14:30:45 hadoop100 firewalld[4954]: WARNING: COMMAND_FAILED: '/usr/sbin/iptables -w10 -w --table filter ...in?). 8月 12 14:30:45 hadoop100 firewalld[4954]: WARNING: COMMAND_FAILED: '/usr/sbin/iptables -w10 -w --table filter ...in?). 8月 12 14:30:45 hadoop100 firewalld[4954]: WARNING: COMMAND_FAILED: '/usr/sbin/iptables -w10 -w --table filter ...in?). 8月 12 14:30:45 hadoop100 firewalld[4954]: WARNING: COMMAND_FAILED: '/usr/sbin/iptables -w10 -w --table filter ...name. 8月 12 14:30:45 hadoop100 firewalld[4954]: WARNING: COMMAND_FAILED: '/usr/sbin/iptables -w10 -w --table filter ...name. 8月 12 14:30:45 hadoop100 firewalld[4954]: WARNING: COMMAND_FAILED: '/usr/sbin/iptables -w10 -w --table filter ...in?). 8月 12 14:30:45 hadoop100 firewalld[4954]: WARNING: COMMAND_FAILED: '/usr/sbin/iptables -w10 -w --table filter ...in?). 8月 12 14:30:45 hadoop100 firewalld[4954]: WARNING: COMMAND_FAILED: '/usr/sbin/iptables -w10 -w --table filter ...in?). 8月 12 14:30:45 hadoop100 firewalld[4954]: WARNING: COMMAND_FAILED: '/usr/sbin/iptables -w10 -w --table filter ...in?). 8月 12 14:30:45 hadoop100 firewalld[4954]: WARNING: COMMAND_FAILED: '/usr/sbin/iptables -w10 -w --table filter ...in?). Hint: Some lines were ellipsized, use -l to show in full.
CentOS 6运行级别
-- 查看默认运行级别,在根目录下etc目录下的inittab文件中 vim /etc/inittab
-- CentOS 6中,可以使用当前命令进入到指定的运行级别(CentOS 7依旧兼容此命令) init runLevel -- 例如 init 3 init 5
CentOS 7运行级别
multi-user.target:运行级别3
graphical.target:运行级别5
使用命令 systemctl get-default查看系统运行级别
使用命令 systemctl set-default设置系统运行级别
-- 查看系统运行级别 [root@hadoop100 ~]# systemctl get-default -- 运行级别 5 graphical.target -- 设置系统运行级别 3 [root@hadoop100 ~]# systemctl set-default multi-user.target Removed symlink /etc/systemd/system/default.target. Created symlink from /etc/systemd/system/default.target to /usr/lib/systemd/system/graphical.target. -- 再次输入,即可有效(自测过) [root@hadoop100 ~]# systemctl set-default multi-user.target
关机命令
-- 将数据由内存写入到硬盘 sync -- 停机、关闭系统,但不断电 halt -- 关机、断电 poweroff -- 重启系统(相当于 shutdown -r now) reboot -- 关机操作 -- 选项:-H:相当于 --halt; -- 选项:-r:相当于 reboot; -- 选项:-P:相当于 --poweroff; -- 时间:可以写一个系统时间,可以写一个数字,表示分钟,可以写 now 表示现在; shutdown [选项] 时间
-- 关机,后面不跟时间,则默认一分钟之后关机,可使用 shutdown -c 命令进行取消操作 [root@hadoop100 ~]# shutdown Shutdown scheduled for 五 2022-08-12 14:35:13 CST, use 'shutdown -c' to cancel. [root@hadoop100 ~]# Broadcast message from root@hadoop100 (Fri 2022-08-12 14:34:14 CST): The system is going down for power-off at Fri 2022-08-12 14:35:13 CST! -- 使用快捷键 crtl + C ^C [root@hadoop100 ~]# shutdown -c Broadcast message from root@hadoop100 (Fri 2022-08-12 14:34:34 CST): The system shutdown has been cancelled at Fri 2022-08-12 14:35:34 CST! -- 系统时间为15:30时关机,可使用 shutdown -c 命令取消操作 [root@hadoop100 ~]# shutdown 15:30 Shutdown scheduled for 五 2022-08-12 15:30:00 CST, use 'shutdown -c' to cancel. -- 3分钟之后关机,可使用 shutdown -c 命令取消操作 [root@hadoop100 ~]# shutdown 3 Shutdown scheduled for 五 2022-08-12 14:39:21 CST, use 'shutdown -c' to cancel. [root@hadoop100 ~]# Broadcast message from root@hadoop100 (Fri 2022-08-12 14:36:21 CST): The system is going down for power-off at Fri 2022-08-12 14:39:21 CST! -- 立刻关机 [root@hadoop100 ~]# shutdown now
总结命令
-- 开启服务、停止服务、重启服务、查看服务状态 -- start:开启 -- stop:停止 -- restart:重启 -- status:状态 -- serviceName:服务名 systemctl start|stop|restart|status serviceName -- 查看服务自启动列表 systemctl list-unit-files -- 对服务设置是否自启动 -- enable:开启 -- disbale:关闭 -- serviceName:服务名 systemctl enable|disable serviceName
-- 输入setup命令可进入到一个管理服务的图形化界面 setup
-- 查看默认运行级别,在根目录下etc目录下的inittab文件中(CentOS 7被遗弃) vim /etc/inittab -- 查看当前系统运行级别 systemctl get-default -- 设置当前系统运行级别 -- runLevel:选择 multi-user.target、graphical.target中的一种 systemctl set-default runLevel
-- 立刻关机 shutdown now
shutdown -h now
poweroff
-- 指定多长时间关机,写3表示3分钟之后,写15:30表示系统时间为15:30时关机
shutdown -h [时间] shutdown [时间]
-- 立刻重启 shutdown -r now reboot