java1.7集合源码阅读：LinkedList

先看看类定义：

public class LinkedList<E>
    extends AbstractSequentialList<E>
    implements List<E>, Deque<E>, Cloneable, java.io.Serializable
{
  .......  
}

LinkedList与ArrayList相比，LinkedList不再实现RandomAccess接口，表明不支持快速随机访问数据，但实现了Deque接口，可当队列使用，Deque继承自Queue,接口定义：

public interface Queue<E> extends Collection<E> {
        void addFirst(E e);
        void addLast(E e);
        boolean offerFirst(E e);
        boolean offerLast(E e);
        E removeFirst();
        E removeLast();
        E pollFirst();
        E pollLast();
        E getFirst();
        E getLast();
        E peekFirst();
        E peekLast();
        boolean removeFirstOccurrence(Object o);
        boolean removeLastOccurrence(Object o);
        boolean add(E e);
        boolean offer(E e);        
        E remove();
        E poll();
        E element();
        E peek();
        void push(E e);
        boolean remove(Object o);
        boolean contains(Object o);    
        public int size();
        Iterator<E> iterator();    
        Iterator<E> descendingIterator();
28　}

看看LinkedList的两个属性，一个头节点，一个末节点：

    /**
     * Pointer to first node.
     * Invariant: (first == null && last == null) ||
     *            (first.prev == null && first.item != null)
     */
    transient Node<E> first;

    /**
     * Pointer to last node.
     * Invariant: (first == null && last == null) ||
     *            (last.next == null && last.item != null)
     */
    transient Node<E> last;

在看看Node的定义：

    private static class Node<E> {
        E item;
        Node<E> next;
        Node<E> prev;

        Node(Node<E> prev, E element, Node<E> next) {
            this.item = element;
            this.next = next;
            this.prev = prev;
        }
    }

Node中保存着存入集合的对象，同时也保存着上一个节点和下一个节点，由此可知，LinkedList 内部采用的是双向链表结构。

再看看CRUD操作:

add:

    /**
     * Appends the specified element to the end of this list.
     *
     * <p>This method is equivalent to {@link #addLast}.
     *
     * @param e element to be appended to this list
     * @return {@code true} (as specified by {@link Collection#add})
     */
    public boolean add(E e) {
        linkLast(e);     //last节点后拼接一个节点
        return true;
    }
    /**
     * Links e as last element.
     */
    void linkLast(E e) {
        final Node<E> l = last;
        final Node<E> newNode = new Node<>(l, e, null);
        last = newNode;  // 将last节点指向当前新创建的节点，新节点变为last节点，原last节点的下一个节点指向最新的last节点

　　　if (l == null)
　　　　first = newNode;
　　else 
　　　　l.next = newNode; 
　　size++; 
　　modCount++;
}

 与linkLast对应的还有linkFirst:

    /**
     * Links e as first element.
     */将元素添加到首节点
    private void linkFirst(E e) {
        final Node<E> f = first;
        final Node<E> newNode = new Node<>(null, e, f);
        first = newNode;
        if (f == null)
            last = newNode;
        else
            f.prev = newNode;
        size++;
        modCount++;
    }

既然存在在对尾、队尾添加元素，那么是不是也应该存在在指定某个元素之前或之后添加元素呢，是的，的确存在：

    /**
     * Inserts element e before non-null Node succ.
     */
    void linkBefore(E e, Node<E> succ) {
        // assert succ != null;
        final Node<E> pred = succ.prev;
        final Node<E> newNode = new Node<>(pred, e, succ);
        succ.prev = newNode;
        if (pred == null)
            first = newNode;
        else
            pred.next = newNode;
        size++;
        modCount++;
    }

与此同时也还存在另外两个方法，一个是在指定节点位置添加元素，另一个是将指定位置的元素修改成当前元素：

   /**
     * Replaces the element at the specified position in this list with the
     * specified element.
     *
     * @param index index of the element to replace
     * @param element element to be stored at the specified position
     * @return the element previously at the specified position
     * @throws IndexOutOfBoundsException {@inheritDoc}
     */
    public E set(int index, E element) {  //指定位置的元素修改成当前元素
        checkElementIndex(index);
        Node<E> x = node(index);
        E oldVal = x.item;
        x.item = element;
        return oldVal;
    }

    /**
     * Inserts the specified element at the specified position in this list.
     * Shifts the element currently at that position (if any) and any
     * subsequent elements to the right (adds one to their indices).
     *
     * @param index index at which the specified element is to be inserted
     * @param element element to be inserted
     * @throws IndexOutOfBoundsException {@inheritDoc}
     */
    public void add(int index, E element) {  //指定节点位置添加元素
        checkPositionIndex(index);

        if (index == size)
            linkLast(element);
        else
            linkBefore(element, node(index));
    }

linkedList  虽然提供了get(index) 方法，但并不没有ArrayList那样高效的获取，而是变量整个数据结构，此时，做了一个优化，根据index判断元素是在链表的前端还是后端，如果是后端，则从队尾开始遍历：

    /**
     * Returns the element at the specified position in this list.
     *
     * @param index index of the element to return
     * @return the element at the specified position in this list
     * @throws IndexOutOfBoundsException {@inheritDoc}
     */
    public E get(int index) {
        checkElementIndex(index);
        return node(index).item;
    }
    /**
     * Returns the (non-null) Node at the specified element index.
     */
    Node<E> node(int index) {
        // assert isElementIndex(index);

        if (index < (size >> 1)) {
            Node<E> x = first;
            for (int i = 0; i < index; i++)
                x = x.next;
            return x;
        } else {
            Node<E> x = last;
            for (int i = size - 1; i > index; i--)
                x = x.prev;
            return x;
        }
    }

获取对首或队尾元素就简单了，直接返回对首或队尾元素就ok了：

  /**
     * Returns the first element in this list.
     *
     * @return the first element in this list
     * @throws NoSuchElementException if this list is empty
     */
    public E getFirst() {
        final Node<E> f = first;
        if (f == null)
            throw new NoSuchElementException();
        return f.item;
    }

    /**
     * Returns the last element in this list.
     *
     * @return the last element in this list
     * @throws NoSuchElementException if this list is empty
     */
    public E getLast() {
        final Node<E> l = last;
        if (l == null)
            throw new NoSuchElementException();
        return l.item;
    }

LinkedList 无参remove方法，是直接删除队首元素：

  /**
     * Retrieves and removes the head (first element) of this list.
     *
     * @return the head of this list
     * @throws NoSuchElementException if this list is empty
     * @since 1.5
     */
    public E remove() {
        return removeFirst();
    }
    /**
     * Removes and returns the first element from this list.
     *
     * @return the first element from this list
     * @throws NoSuchElementException if this list is empty
     */
    public E removeFirst() {
        final Node<E> f = first;
        if (f == null)
            throw new NoSuchElementException();
        return unlinkFirst(f);
    }
    /**
     * Unlinks non-null first node f.
     */
    private E unlinkFirst(Node<E> f) {  //将对首元素设置null,将对首的下一元素作为对首元素
        // assert f == first && f != null;
        final E element = f.item;
        final Node<E> next = f.next;
        f.item = null;
        f.next = null; // help GC
        first = next;
        if (next == null)
            last = null;
        else
            next.prev = null;
        size--;
        modCount++;
        return element;
    }

remove(Object),变量整个数据结构删除：

  /**
     * Removes the first occurrence of the specified element from this list,
     * if it is present.  If this list does not contain the element, it is
     * unchanged.  More formally, removes the element with the lowest index
     * {@code i} such that
     * <tt>(o==null&nbsp;?&nbsp;get(i)==null&nbsp;:&nbsp;o.equals(get(i)))</tt>
     * (if such an element exists).  Returns {@code true} if this list
     * contained the specified element (or equivalently, if this list
     * changed as a result of the call).
     *
     * @param o element to be removed from this list, if present
     * @return {@code true} if this list contained the specified element
     */
    public boolean remove(Object o) {
        if (o == null) {//先判断是否是空值
            for (Node<E> x = first; x != null; x = x.next) {
                if (x.item == null) {
                    unlink(x);
                    return true;
                }
            }
        } else {
            for (Node<E> x = first; x != null; x = x.next) {
                if (o.equals(x.item)) {
                    unlink(x);
                    return true;
                }
            }
        }
        return false;
    }

linkedList实现了队列接口，使用中也可以直接当队列用：

   /**
     * Adds the specified element as the tail (last element) of this list.
     *
     * @param e the element to add
     * @return {@code true} (as specified by {@link Queue#offer})
     * @since 1.5
     */
    public boolean offer(E e) {
        return add(e);
    }

    // Deque operations
    /**
     * Inserts the specified element at the front of this list.
     *
     * @param e the element to insert
     * @return {@code true} (as specified by {@link Deque#offerFirst})
     * @since 1.6
     */
    public boolean offerFirst(E e) {
        addFirst(e);
        return true;
    }

    /**
     * Inserts the specified element at the end of this list.
     *
     * @param e the element to insert
     * @return {@code true} (as specified by {@link Deque#offerLast})
     * @since 1.6
     */
    public boolean offerLast(E e) {
        addLast(e);
        return true;
    }

linkedList 还提供了几个方法，可以直接通过peek方法获取元素，需要注意的是获取之后并不会从队列中删除该元素：

   /**
     * Retrieves, but does not remove, the first element of this list,
     * or returns {@code null} if this list is empty.
     *
     * @return the first element of this list, or {@code null}
     *         if this list is empty
     * @since 1.6
     */
    public E peekFirst() {
        final Node<E> f = first;
        return (f == null) ? null : f.item;
     }

    /**
     * Retrieves, but does not remove, the last element of this list,
     * or returns {@code null} if this list is empty.
     *
     * @return the last element of this list, or {@code null}
     *         if this list is empty
     * @since 1.6
     */
    public E peekLast() {
        final Node<E> l = last;
        return (l == null) ? null : l.item;
    }

与peek对应的还有poll方法，同样是获取元素，不同点在于，获取元素之后，该元素将会从队列中删除。

  /**
     * Retrieves and removes the first element of this list,
     * or returns {@code null} if this list is empty.
     *
     * @return the first element of this list, or {@code null} if
     *     this list is empty
     * @since 1.6
     */
    public E pollFirst() {
        final Node<E> f = first;
        return (f == null) ? null : unlinkFirst(f);
    }

    /**
     * Retrieves and removes the last element of this list,
     * or returns {@code null} if this list is empty.
     *
     * @return the last element of this list, or {@code null} if
     *     this list is empty
     * @since 1.6
     */
    public E pollLast() {
        final Node<E> l = last;
        return (l == null) ? null : unlinkLast(l);
    }

LinkedList提供了多种操作数据集合的方法，但最重要的一点就是，整个是实现是非线程安全的，在多线程下需要进行同步处理，或者使用并发包中的对应实现类。