案例34-文件上传
1 案例分析
1 文件上传原理分析
2 代码实现
1 form.html
vf<!DOCTYPE html> <html> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Insert title here</title> </head> <body> <form action="/WEB32/fileuploadServlet2" method="post" enctype="multipart/form-data"> <input type="text" name="username"><br> <input type="file" name="filename"><br> <input type="submit" value="上传文件"> </form> </body> </html>
2 FileuploadServlet入门代码
package www.test.web.servlet; import java.io.FileOutputStream; import java.io.IOException; import java.io.InputStream; import java.io.OutputStream; import java.util.List; import javax.servlet.ServletException; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse; import org.apache.commons.fileupload.FileItem; import org.apache.commons.fileupload.FileUploadException; import org.apache.commons.fileupload.disk.DiskFileItemFactory; import org.apache.commons.fileupload.servlet.ServletFileUpload; public class FileUploadServlet extends HttpServlet { public void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException { try { //接收文件上传 // 1 创建磁盘文件项工厂 DiskFileItemFactory factory = new DiskFileItemFactory(); // 2创建文件上传核心类 ServletFileUpload upload = new ServletFileUpload(factory); // 3解析request---获得文件项集合 List<FileItem> parseRequest = upload.parseRequest(request); // 4遍历文件项集合 for (FileItem fileItem : parseRequest) { // 5判断普通表单项/文件上传项 boolean formField = fileItem.isFormField(); //是不是一个普通的表单项 if(formField){ //普通表单项 String fieldName = fileItem.getFieldName(); String filedValue = fileItem.getString(); System.out.println(fieldName+"::::"+filedValue); }else{ //文件上传项 //获得上传文件的名称 //不同的浏览器提交的文件名是不一样的,有些浏览器提交的文件名是带有路径的, //如:c:\nihao\a.txt,而有些只是单纯的文件名,如:a.txt //处理获取到的上传文件的文件名的路径部分,只保留文件名部分 String fileName = fileItem.getName(); fileName = fileName.substring(fileName.lastIndexOf("\\")+1); //获得上传文件的内容 InputStream in = fileItem.getInputStream(); //将in流中的数据拷贝到服务器上 String realPath = this.getServletContext().getRealPath("/upload"); OutputStream out = new FileOutputStream(realPath+"/"+fileName); int len = 0; byte[] buffer = new byte[1024]; while((len=in.read(buffer))!=-1){ out.write(buffer, 0, len); } //关闭资源 in.close(); out.close(); } } } catch (FileUploadException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } public void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException { doGet(request, response); } }
3 FileuploadServlet2详细代码
package www.test.web.servlet; import java.io.File; import java.io.FileOutputStream; import java.io.IOException; import java.io.InputStream; import java.io.OutputStream; import java.util.List; import javax.servlet.ServletException; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse; import org.apache.commons.fileupload.FileItem; import org.apache.commons.fileupload.FileUploadException; import org.apache.commons.fileupload.disk.DiskFileItemFactory; import org.apache.commons.fileupload.servlet.ServletFileUpload; import org.apache.commons.io.IOUtils; public class FileUploadServlet2 extends HttpServlet { public void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException { try { // 接收文件上传 // 1 创建磁盘文件项工厂 //作用: 设置缓存文件的大小 设置临时文件的存储位置 String path_temp = this.getServletContext().getRealPath("temp"); //DiskFileItemFactory factory = new DiskFileItemFactory(1204*1204,new File(path_temp)); //DiskFileItemFactory factory = new DiskFileItemFactory(1204*1204,new File(path_temp)); //上面的这句代码也可以换成下面的三条语句 DiskFileItemFactory factory = new DiskFileItemFactory(); //只有文件的大小大于缓存的大小才会产生临时文件 factory.setSizeThreshold(1024*1024*10); //设置缓存的大小 factory.setRepository(new File(path_temp)); //设置临时文件的目录 // 2 创建文件上传核心类 ServletFileUpload upload = new ServletFileUpload(factory); //设置上传文件的名称的编码 upload.setHeaderEncoding("UTF-8"); //ServletFileUpload的API boolean multipartContent = upload.isMultipartContent(request); //判断表单是不是文件上传的表单 if(multipartContent){ //是文件上传的表单 // 3 ******解析request---- 获得文件项集合 List<FileItem> parseRequest = upload.parseRequest(request); if(parseRequest!=null){ // 4 遍历文件项集合 for (FileItem fileItem : parseRequest) { // 5判断是普通表单项/文件上传项 boolean formField = fileItem.isFormField();//是不是一个普通的表单项 if(formField){ //普通表单项 username = zhangsan String fieldName = fileItem.getFieldName(); String fieldValue = fileItem.getString("UTF-8");//对普通表单项的内容进行编码 System.out.println(fieldName+"------"+fieldValue); // 注意:当表单是enctype="multipart/form-data"时 request.getParameter相关的方法都失效 //String parameter = request.getParameter("username");获取不到数据 }else{ // 文件上传项 String fileName = fileItem.getName();//获取文件名 //不同的浏览器提交的文件名是不一样的,有些浏览器提交的文件名是带有路径的, //如:c:\nihao\a.txt,而有些只是单纯的文件名,如:a.txt //处理获取到的上传文件的文件名的路径部分,只保留文件名部分 fileName = fileName.substring(fileName.lastIndexOf("\\")+1); //获得上传文件的内容 也是就获得与文件关联的输入流 InputStream in = fileItem.getInputStream(); //获取存储文件的绝对地址 String path_store = this.getServletContext().getRealPath("upload"); OutputStream out = new FileOutputStream(path_store+"/"+fileName); //上传文件实际上就是复制文件到服务器 直接使用工具类 IOUtils.copy(in, out); //关闭资源 in.close(); out.close(); //删除临时文件 fileItem.delete(); } } } }else{ //不是文件上传表单 //使用原始的表单数据的获取方式 } } catch (FileUploadException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } public void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException { doGet(request, response); } }
3 文件上传知识点
4 文件上传的一个常见问题的解决
1 form.jsp代码
<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8" pageEncoding="UTF-8"%> <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd"> <html> <head> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1"> <title>Insert title here</title> </head> <body> <form action="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/fileUploadServlet" method="post" enctype="multipart/form-data"> <input type="text" name="username"> <input type="file" name="filename"> <input type="submit" value="上传文件"> </form> </body> </html>
2 FileuploadServlet代码
package www.test.web.servlet; import java.io.FileOutputStream; import java.io.IOException; import java.io.InputStream; import java.io.OutputStream; import java.util.List; import javax.servlet.ServletException; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse; import org.apache.commons.fileupload.FileItem; import org.apache.commons.fileupload.FileUploadException; import org.apache.commons.fileupload.disk.DiskFileItemFactory; import org.apache.commons.fileupload.servlet.ServletFileUpload; public class FileUploadServlet extends HttpServlet { public void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException { try { //接收文件上传 // 1 创建磁盘文件项工厂 DiskFileItemFactory factory = new DiskFileItemFactory(); // 2创建文件上传核心类 ServletFileUpload upload = new ServletFileUpload(factory); // 3解析request---获得文件项集合 List<FileItem> parseRequest = upload.parseRequest(request); // 4遍历文件项集合 for (FileItem fileItem : parseRequest) { // 5判断普通表单项/文件上传项 boolean formField = fileItem.isFormField(); //是不是一个普通的表单项 if(formField){ //普通表单项 String fieldName = fileItem.getFieldName(); String filedValue = fileItem.getString(); System.out.println(fieldName+"::::"+filedValue); }else{ //文件上传项 //获得上传文件的名称 //不同的浏览器提交的文件名是不一样的,有些浏览器提交的文件名是带有路径的, //如:c:\nihao\a.txt,而有些只是单纯的文件名,如:a.txt //处理获取到的上传文件的文件名的路径部分,只保留文件名部分 String fileName = fileItem.getName(); //fileName = fileName.substring(fileName.lastIndexOf("\\")+1); //获得上传文件的内容 InputStream in = fileItem.getInputStream(); //将in流中的数据拷贝到服务器上 String realPath = this.getServletContext().getRealPath("/upload"); OutputStream out = new FileOutputStream(realPath+"/"+fileName); int len = 0; byte[] buffer = new byte[1024]; while((len=in.read(buffer))!=-1){ out.write(buffer, 0, len); } //关闭资源 in.close(); out.close(); } } } catch (FileUploadException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } public void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException { doGet(request, response); } }
3 运行过程中出现的问题
4 解决办法
出现上述问题的原因是:不同的浏览器提交的文件名是不一样的,有些浏览器提交的文件名是带有路径的,
如:c:\nihao\a.txt,而有些只是单纯的文件名,如:a.txt 处理获取到的上传文件的文件名的路径部分,只保留文件名部分