Centos 7下安装Oracle 12c
SQL Server玩了有些年，最近想玩玩Oracle，于是想到装一台Oracle server来玩玩。第一次在Linux下安装Oracle，整个过程参考了一篇文章：http://blog.csdn.net/huangyanlong/article/details/45021171
环境：VMWare Workstatrion 8.0.3
操作系统：CentOS 7 x64
数据库：Oracle 12c x64
1）安装好Centos 7，这一步跳过
2）从Oracle官网下载12c的安装包，也跳过
3）把软件从本地上传到VM的linux服务器上
这一步的做法是：把虚机的网络连接方式设置成桥接>>在linux服务器上配置ip地址和本机处在同一个网络>>把本地机器上的包含Oracle 12c安装包的目录共享出来>>确保可以在linux服务器上Ping通本地机器>>用mount命令把共享目录挂载到linux服务器上>>解压linuxamd64_12102_database_1of2.zip，linuxamd64_12102_database_2of2.zip这两个zip包到linux服务器上
挂载：mount -t cifs -o username=Jerry,password=password,ip=192.168.1.100 //192.168.1.100/Oracle /mnt/oracle
解压：unzip ./linuxamd64_12102_database_1of2.zip -d /usr/Oracle; unzip ./linuxamd64_12102_database_2of2.zip -d /usr/Oracle;
禁用一些服务，用脚本来做
[root@localhost Oracle Installation]# cat servicestop.sh chkconfig iptables off chkconfig ip6tables off chkconfig cups off chkconfig firstboot off chkconfig wpa_supplicant off chkconfig postfix off sed -i 's/SELINUX=enforcing/SELINUX=disabled/' /etc/selinux/config sed -i 's/^GSSAPIAuthentication yes$/GSSAPIAuthentication no/' /etc/ssh/sshd_config sed -i 's/#UseDNS yes/UseDNS no/' /etc/ssh/sshd_config
这一步本来应该要去参考Oracle官方安装文档准备好要事先安装的安装包，不过由于上面参考的文章中作者已经列出，这里我直接借鉴那份列表
binutils-2.20.51.0.2-5.11.el6 (x86_64)
compat-libcap1-1.10-1 (x86_64)
compat-libstdc++-33-3.2.3-69.el6 (x86_64)
gcc-4.4.4-13.el6 (x86_64)
gcc-c++-4.4.4-13.el6 (x86_64)
glibc-2.12-1.7.el6 (x86_64)
glibc-devel-2.12-1.7.el6 (x86_64)
ksh
libgcc-4.4.4-13.el6 (x86_64)
libstdc++-4.4.4-13.el6 (i686)
libstdc++-devel-4.4.4-13.el6 (x86_64)
libaio-0.3.107-10.el6 (x86_64)
libaio-devel-0.3.107-10.el6 (x86_64)
libXext-1.1 (x86_64)
libXtst-1.0.99.2 (x86_64)
libX11-1.3 (x86_64)
libXau-1.0.5 (x86_64)
libxcb-1.5 (x86_64)
libXi-1.3 (x86_64)
make-3.81-19.el6
sysstat-9.0.4-11.el6 (x86_64)
这些rpm包估计都在iso镜像中，要我去一个一个找我觉得太浪费时间，要是下次我要再装一台岂不是要再找多一次。于是我有了一个想法，就是用一个文件存储这份列表，然后写个shell通过关键字在安装盘上查找我们可能需要安装的包，然后拷贝到某个文件夹下
[root@localhost Oracle Installation]# vi cppkg
binutils
compat-libcap
compat-libstdc
gcc-
gcc-c++
glibc-
glibc-devel
ksh
libgcc
libstdc++
libstdc++-devel
libaio
libaio-devel
libXext
libXtst
libX11
libXau
libxcb
libXi-
make
sysstat
保存离开
建立bash_loop_test来拷贝rpm包到本地目录
[root@localhost Oracle Installation]# cat bash_loop_test
#!/bin/bash
cat /home/jerry/Desktop/'Oracle Installation'/cppkg | while read line
do
find /mnt/cdrom/Packages/ -name ${line}'*' -exec cp {} /home/jerry/Desktop/'Oracle Installation'/ \;
echo $line
done
[root@localhost Oracle Installation]# sh bash_loop_test
生成安装包脚本
[root@localhost Oracle Installation]# echo /dev/null > rpm.sh; find . -name '*.rpm'|xargs -i echo 'rpm -ivh '{} >> rpm.sh ;
不过经过实践发现其实这个方法也不好，因为很多dependency在，所以其实还是要手动去安装这个包。不过至少自己知道去思考一些方法，算是练习练习shell吧
安装调用图形化需要的包，注意这里需要机器可以连接到Internet
[root@localhost Packages]# yum -y install unixODBC Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, langpacks base | 3.6 kB 00:00 extras | 3.4 kB 00:00 updates | 3.4 kB 00:00 Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile * base: mirror.bit.edu.cn * extras: mirror.bit.edu.cn * updates: mirrors.163.com Resolving Dependencies --> Running transaction check ---> Package unixODBC.x86_64 0:2.3.1-10.el7 will be installed --> Finished Dependency Resolution
省略
Installed:
unixODBC.x86_64 0:2.3.1-10.el7
Complete!
[root@localhost Packages]# yum -y install unixODBC-devel Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, langpacks Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile * base: mirror.bit.edu.cn * extras: mirror.bit.edu.cn * updates: mirrors.163.com
省略
Installed:
unixODBC-devel.x86_64 0:2.3.1-10.el7
Complete!
[root@localhost Packages]# yum install -y xterm Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, langpacks Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile * base: mirror.bit.edu.cn * extras: mirror.bit.edu.cn * updates: mirrors.163.com 省略 Installed: xterm.x86_64 0:295-3.el7 Dependency Installed: libXaw.x86_64 0:1.0.11-6.1.el7 Complete!
添加用户和用户组，建立主目录
[root@localhost Packages]# groupadd oinstall
groupadd: group 'oinstall' already exists
[root@localhost Packages]# groupadd dba
groupadd: group 'dba' already exists
[root@localhost Packages]# useradd -g oinstall -G dba oracle
useradd: user 'oracle' already exists
[root@localhost Packages]# passwd oracle
Changing password for user oracle.
New password:
BAD PASSWORD: The password fails the dictionary check - it is based on a dictionary word
Retype new password:
passwd: all authentication tokens updated successfully.
[root@localhost Packages]# id oracle
uid=1001(oracle) gid=1001(oinstall) groups=1001(oinstall),1002(dba)
[root@localhost Packages]# mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle/product/12.1.0/db_1
[root@localhost Packages]# mkdir -p /u01/app/oraInventory
[root@localhost Packages]# chown -R oracle:oinstall /u01/app
[root@localhost Packages]# chmod -R 775 /u01/app
[root@localhost Packages]# vi /etc/sysctl.conf
[root@localhost Packages]# vi /etc/sysctl.conf
[root@localhost Packages]# sysctl -p
fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576
fs.file-max = 6815744
kernel.shmall = 2097152
kernel.shmmax = 4294967295
kernel.shmmni = 4096
kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500
net.core.rmem_default = 262144
net.core.rmem_max = 4194304
net.core.wmem_default = 262144
net.core.wmem_max = 1048576
[jerry@localhost Desktop]$ cat /etc/sysctl.conf
# System default settings live in /usr/lib/sysctl.d/00-system.conf.
# To override those settings, enter new settings here, or in an /etc/sysctl.d/<name>.conf file
#
# For more information, see sysctl.conf(5) and sysctl.d(5).
fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576
fs.file-max = 6815744
kernel.shmall = 2097152
kernel.shmmax = 4294967295
kernel.shmmni = 4096
kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500
net.core.rmem_default = 262144
net.core.rmem_max = 4194304
net.core.wmem_default = 262144
net.core.wmem_max = 1048576
[root@localhost Packages]# vi /etc/security/limits.conf
把下面的内容添加到文件尾部
oracle soft nproc 2047
oracle hard nproc 16384
oracle soft nofile 1024
oracle hard nofile 65536
[root@localhost Packages]# vi /etc/pam.d/login
把下面的内容添加到文件尾部
session required /lib/security/pam_limits.so
session required pam_limits.so
[root@localhost Packages]# vi /etc/profile
添加到文件尾部
if [ $USER = "oracle" ]; then
if [ $SHELL = "/bin/ksh" ]; then
ulimit -p 16384
ulimit -n 65536
else
ulimit -u 16384 -n 65536
fi
fi
切换到oracle用户，修改.bash_profile文件
[root@localhost database]# su oracle [oracle@localhost ~]$vi .bash_profile [oracle@localhost ~]$ cat .bash_profile # .bash_profile # Get the aliases and functions if [ -f ~/.bashrc ]; then . ~/.bashrc fi # User specific environment and startup programs #PATH=$PATH:$HOME/.local/bin:$HOME/bin #export PATH ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/12.1.0/db_1 ORACLE_SID=jerrychen PATH=$PATH:$HOME/bin:$ORACLE_HOME/bin LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib:/usr/lib export ORACLE_BASE ORACLE_HOME ORACLE_SID PATH LD_LIBRARY_PATH
[oracle@localhost ~]$ source .bash_profile
然而似乎一切顺利可以进入安装阶段时
[oracle@localhost database]$ ./runInstaller ./runInstaller: line 83: [: /usr/oracle/Oracle: binary operator expected ./runInstaller: line 247: [: too many arguments ./runInstaller: line 251: /usr/oracle/Oracle: No such file or directory
一时搞不懂出了什么情况。Google了一下有了头绪，原因是安装目录的名字叫Oracle \Installation。这个命名包含了\符号，就是这个原因导致了runInstaller安装脚本报错，我把目录的名称修改了一下，去除空格和特殊符号好就没报这个错误了。但是，出现了另一个错误，Display变量相关
[oracle@localhost database]$ ./runInstaller Starting Oracle Universal Installer... Checking Temp space: must be greater than 500 MB. Actual 19938 MB Passed Checking swap space: must be greater than 150 MB. Actual 2045 MB Passed Checking monitor: must be configured to display at least 256 colors >>> Could not execute auto check for display colors using command /usr/bin/xdpyinfo. Check if the DISPLAY variable is set. Failed <<<< Some requirement checks failed. You must fulfill these requirements before continuing with the installation, Continue? (y/n) [n] n
用[oracle@localhost database]$ export DISPLAY=192.168.1.120:0.0设置一下这个变量，然后开启另一个终端来运行runInstaller
[oracle@localhost database]$ ./runInstaller Starting Oracle Universal Installer... Checking Temp space: must be greater than 500 MB. Actual 19938 MB Passed Checking swap space: must be greater than 150 MB. Actual 2045 MB Passed Checking monitor: must be configured to display at least 256 colors. Actual 16777216 Passed Preparing to launch Oracle Universal Installer from /tmp/OraInstall2015-06-21_10-44-42PM. Please wait ...[oracle@localhost database]$
终于进入安装阶段了
有个包前面漏安装了。查了一下安装光盘没有找到这个包。原来linux 7上没有，要到linux 6上才有。但是我不可能跑去download一个linux 6的镜像嘛。用yum来安装咯。至于swap文件和oracle建议的2.8G差了800mb，我想这个不影响整个安装过程，可以等安装完再修改swap文件的大小。跳过（忽略）这项检查。
[root@localhost Packages]# yum -y install compat-libstdc++-33 Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, langpacks Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile * base: mirror.bit.edu.cn * extras: mirror.bit.edu.cn * updates: mirror.bit.edu.cn Resolving Dependencies --> Running transaction check ---> Package compat-libstdc++-33.x86_64 0:3.2.3-72.el7 will be installed --> Finished Dependency Resolution Dependencies Resolved ================================================================================ Package Arch Version Repository Size ================================================================================ Installing: compat-libstdc++-33 x86_64 3.2.3-72.el7 base 191 k Transaction Summary ================================================================================ Install 1 Package Total download size: 191 k Installed size: 811 k Downloading packages: compat-libstdc++-33-3.2.3-72.el7.x86_64.rpm | 191 kB 00:01 Running transaction check Running transaction test Transaction test succeeded Running transaction Installing : compat-libstdc++-33-3.2.3-72.el7.x86_64 1/1 Verifying : compat-libstdc++-33-3.2.3-72.el7.x86_64 1/1 Installed: compat-libstdc++-33.x86_64 0:3.2.3-72.el7 Complete!
