SpringBoot + MDC 实现全链路调用日志跟踪
MDC(Mapped Diagnostic Context,映射调试上下文)是 log4j 、logback及log4j2 提供的一种方便在多线程条件下记录日志的功能。MDC 可以看成是一个与当前线程绑定的哈希表 ,可以往其中添加键值对。MDC 中包含的内容可以被同一线程中执行的代码所访问 。当前线程的子线程会继承其父线程中的 MDC 的内容。当需要记录日志时,只需要从 MDC 中获取所需的信息即可。MDC 的内容则由程序在适当的时候保存进去。对于一个 Web 应用来说,通常是在请求被处理的最开始保存这些数据
API说明:
- clear() => 移除所有MDC
- get (String key) => 获取当前线程MDC中指定key的值
- getContext() => 获取当前线程MDC的MDC
- put(String key, Object o) => 往当前线程的MDC中存入指定的键值对
- remove(String key) => 删除当前线程MDC中指定的键值对
优点:
代码简洁,日志风格统一,不需要在log打印中手动拼写traceId,即LOGGER.info("traceId:{} ", traceId)
MDC使用,添加拦截器
public class LogInterceptor implements HandlerInterceptor { @Override public boolean preHandle(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler) throws Exception { //如果有上层调用就用上层的ID String traceId = request.getHeader(Constants.TRACE_ID); if (traceId == null) { traceId = TraceIdUtil.getTraceId(); } MDC.put(Constants.TRACE_ID, traceId); return true; } @Override public void postHandle(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler, ModelAndView modelAndView) throws Exception { } @Override public void afterCompletion(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler, Exception ex) throws Exception { //调用结束后删除 MDC.remove(Constants.TRACE_ID); } }
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修改日志格式
<property name="pattern">[TRACEID:%X{traceId}] %d{HH:mm:ss.SSS} %-5level %class{-1}.%M()/%L - %msg%xEx%n</property>
重点是%X{traceId},traceId和MDC中的键名称一致,简单使用就这么容易,但是在有些情况下traceId将获取不到
MDC 存在的问题
- 子线程中打印日志丢失traceId
- HTTP调用丢失traceId
- ......丢失traceId的情况,来一个再解决一个,绝不提前优化
解决MDC存在的问题
子线程日志打印丢失traceId,子线程在打印日志的过程中traceId将丢失,解决方式为重写线程池,对于直接new创建线程的情况不考略【实际应用中应该避免这种用法】,重写线程池无非是对任务进行一次封装,线程池封装类:ThreadPoolExecutorMdcWrapper.java
public class ThreadPoolExecutorMdcWrapper extends ThreadPoolExecutor { public ThreadPoolExecutorMdcWrapper(int corePoolSize, int maximumPoolSize, long keepAliveTime, TimeUnit unit, BlockingQueue<Runnable> workQueue) { super(corePoolSize, maximumPoolSize, keepAliveTime, unit, workQueue); } public ThreadPoolExecutorMdcWrapper(int corePoolSize, int maximumPoolSize, long keepAliveTime, TimeUnit unit, BlockingQueue<Runnable> workQueue, ThreadFactory threadFactory) { super(corePoolSize, maximumPoolSize, keepAliveTime, unit, workQueue, threadFactory); } public ThreadPoolExecutorMdcWrapper(int corePoolSize, int maximumPoolSize, long keepAliveTime, TimeUnit unit, BlockingQueue<Runnable> workQueue, RejectedExecutionHandler handler) { super(corePoolSize, maximumPoolSize, keepAliveTime, unit, workQueue, handler); } public ThreadPoolExecutorMdcWrapper(int corePoolSize, int maximumPoolSize, long keepAliveTime, TimeUnit unit, BlockingQueue<Runnable> workQueue, ThreadFactory threadFactory, RejectedExecutionHandler handler) { super(corePoolSize, maximumPoolSize, keepAliveTime, unit, workQueue, threadFactory, handler); } @Override public void execute(Runnable task) { super.execute(ThreadMdcUtil.wrap(task, MDC.getCopyOfContextMap())); } @Override public <T> Future<T> submit(Runnable task, T result) { return super.submit(ThreadMdcUtil.wrap(task, MDC.getCopyOfContextMap()), result); } @Override public <T> Future<T> submit(Callable<T> task) { return super.submit(ThreadMdcUtil.wrap(task, MDC.getCopyOfContextMap())); } @Override public Future<?> submit(Runnable task) { return super.submit(ThreadMdcUtil.wrap(task, MDC.getCopyOfContextMap())); } }
说明:
- 继承ThreadPoolExecutor类,重新执行任务的方法
- 通过ThreadMdcUtil对任务进行一次包装
线程traceId封装工具类:ThreadMdcUtil.java
public class ThreadMdcUtil { public static void setTraceIdIfAbsent() { if (MDC.get(Constants.TRACE_ID) == null) { MDC.put(Constants.TRACE_ID, TraceIdUtil.getTraceId()); } } public static <T> Callable<T> wrap(final Callable<T> callable, final Map<String, String> context) { return () -> { if (context == null) { MDC.clear(); } else { MDC.setContextMap(context); } setTraceIdIfAbsent(); try { return callable.call(); } finally { MDC.clear(); } }; } public static Runnable wrap(final Runnable runnable, final Map<String, String> context) { return () -> { if (context == null) { MDC.clear(); } else { MDC.setContextMap(context); } setTraceIdIfAbsent(); try { runnable.run(); } finally { MDC.clear(); } }; } }
说明【以封装Runnable为例】:
- 判断当前线程对应MDC的Map是否存在,存在则设置
- 设置MDC中的traceId值,不存在则新生成,针对不是子线程的情况,如果是子线程,MDC中traceId不为null
- 执行run方法
代码等同于以下写法,会更直观
public static Runnable wrap(final Runnable runnable, final Map<String, String> context) { return new Runnable() { @Override public void run() { if (context == null) { MDC.clear(); } else { MDC.setContextMap(context); } setTraceIdIfAbsent(); try { runnable.run(); } finally { MDC.clear(); } } }; }
重新返回的是包装后的Runnable,在该任务执行之前【runnable.run()】先将主线程的Map设置到当前线程中【 即MDC.setContextMap(context)】,这样子线程和主线程MDC对应的Map就是一样的了
- 判断当前线程对应MDC的Map是否存在,存在则设置
- 设置MDC中的traceId值,不存在则新生成,针对不是子线程的情况,如果是子线程,MDC中traceId不为null
- 执行run方法
HTTP调用丢失traceId
在使用HTTP调用第三方服务接口时traceId将丢失,需要对HTTP调用工具进行改造,在发送时在request header中添加traceId,在下层被调用方添加拦截器获取header中的traceId添加到MDC中,HTTP调用有多种方式,比较常见的有HttpClient、OKHttp、RestTemplate,所以只给出这几种HTTP调用的解决方式
HttpClient:实现HttpClient拦截器
public class HttpClientTraceIdInterceptor implements HttpRequestInterceptor { @Override public void process(HttpRequest httpRequest, HttpContext httpContext) throws HttpException, IOException { String traceId = MDC.get(Constants.TRACE_ID); //当前线程调用中有traceId,则将该traceId进行透传 if (traceId != null) { //添加请求体 httpRequest.addHeader(Constants.TRACE_ID, traceId); } } }
实现HttpRequestInterceptor接口并重写process方法,如果调用线程中含有traceId,则需要将获取到的traceId通过request中的header向下透传下去,为HttpClient添加拦截器
private static CloseableHttpClient httpClient = HttpClientBuilder.create() .addInterceptorFirst(new HttpClientTraceIdInterceptor()) .build();
通过addInterceptorFirst方法为HttpClient添加拦截器
OKHttp:
实现OKHttp拦截器
public class OkHttpTraceIdInterceptor implements Interceptor { @Override public Response intercept(Chain chain) throws IOException { String traceId = MDC.get(Constants.TRACE_ID); Request request = null; if (traceId != null) { //添加请求体 request = chain.request().newBuilder().addHeader(Constants.TRACE_ID, traceId).build(); } Response originResponse = chain.proceed(request); return originResponse; } }
实现Interceptor拦截器,重写interceptor方法,实现逻辑和HttpClient差不多,如果能够获取到当前线程的traceId则向下透传,为OkHttp添加拦截器
private static OkHttpClient client = new OkHttpClient.Builder() .addNetworkInterceptor(new OkHttpTraceIdInterceptor()) .build();
调用addNetworkInterceptor方法添加拦截器
RestTemplate:
实现RestTemplate拦截器
public class RestTemplateTraceIdInterceptor implements ClientHttpRequestInterceptor { @Override public ClientHttpResponse intercept(HttpRequest httpRequest, byte[] bytes, ClientHttpRequestExecution clientHttpRequestExecution) throws IOException { String traceId = MDC.get(Constants.TRACE_ID); if (traceId != null) { httpRequest.getHeaders().add(Constants.TRACE_ID, traceId); } return clientHttpRequestExecution.execute(httpRequest, bytes); } }
实现ClientHttpRequestInterceptor接口,并重写intercept方法,其余逻辑都是一样的不重复说明
为RestTemplate添加拦截器
restTemplate.setInterceptors(Arrays.asList(new RestTemplateTraceIdInterceptor()));
调用setInterceptors方法添加拦截器
第三方服务拦截器:
HTTP调用第三方服务接口全流程traceId需要第三方服务配合,第三方服务需要添加拦截器拿到request header中的traceId并添加到MDC中
public class LogInterceptor implements HandlerInterceptor { @Override public boolean preHandle(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler) throws Exception { //如果有上层调用就用上层的ID String traceId = request.getHeader(Constants.TRACE_ID); if (traceId == null) { traceId = TraceIdUtils.getTraceId(); } MDC.put("traceId", traceId); return true; } @Override public void postHandle(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler, ModelAndView modelAndView) throws Exception { } @Override public void afterCompletion(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler, Exception ex) throws Exception { MDC.remove(Constants.TRACE_ID); } }
说明:
- 先从request header中获取traceId
- 从request header中获取不到traceId则说明不是第三方调用,直接生成一个新的traceId
- 将生成的traceId存入MDC中
除了需要添加拦截器之外,还需要在日志格式中添加traceId的打印,如下:
<property name="pattern">[TRACEID:%X{traceId}] %d{HH:mm:ss.SSS} %-5level %class{-1}.%M()/%L - %msg%xEx%n</property>
需要添加%X{traceId}