Docker镜像拉取

安装Nginx

# 搜索Nginx
docker search nginx

# 根据版本选择相应的nginx拉取镜像
docker pull nginx:[版本号]
# docker pull nginx 不带版本号默认选择最新的镜像拉取

# 查看所有=镜像
docker images
REPOSITORY   TAG       IMAGE ID       CREATED        SIZE
nginx        latest    0e901e68141f   2 weeks ago    142MB
centos       latest    5d0da3dc9764   9 months ago   231MB

# 开启宿主机的3344端口
firewall-cmd --zone=public --add-port=3344/tcp --permanent
systemctl restart firewalld.service
firewall-cmd --list-ports

# 运行nginx容器
docker run -d --name nginx01 -p 3344:80 nginx

### 运行测试
# -d 后台运行
# --name 给容器命名
# -p 宿主机端口:容器内部端口
curl localhost:3344

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>Welcome to nginx!</title>
<style>
html { color-scheme: light dark; }
body { width: 35em; margin: 0 auto;
font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; }
</style>
</head>
<body>
<h1>Welcome to nginx!</h1>
<p>If you see this page, the nginx web server is successfully installed and
working. Further configuration is required.</p>

<p>For online documentation and support please refer to
<a href="http://nginx.org/">nginx.org</a>.<br/>
Commercial support is available at
<a href="http://nginx.com/">nginx.com</a>.</p>

<p><em>Thank you for using nginx.</em></p>
</body>
</html>

端口暴露的概念

# 交互模式进入容器
docker exec -it nginx01 /bin/bash

root@e5347a513358:/# whereis nginx
nginx: /usr/sbin/nginx /usr/lib/nginx /etc/nginx /usr/share/nginx
root@e5347a513358:/# cd /etc/nginx
root@e5347a513358:/etc/nginx#

问题：每次改动 Nginx 配置文件，都需要进入容器内部，十分麻烦！要是可以在容器外部提供一个映射路径，达到在容器内修改文件的效果，那么容器内部就可以自动修改 -v 数据卷
参考文档：
https://blog.csdn.net/Wei_Naijia/article/details/125542855