将装饰器定义为类
import types
from functools import wraps
class Profiled:
def __init__(self, func):
wraps(func)(self)
self.ncalls = 0
def __call__(self, *args, **kwargs):
self.ncalls += 1
return self.__wrapped__(*args, **kwargs)
def __get__(self, instance, cls):
if instance is None:
return self
else:
return types.MethodType(self, instance)
@Profiled
def add(x, y):
return x + y
class Spam:
@Profiled
def bar(self, x):
print(self, x)
>>> print(add(2, 3))
5
>>> print(add(4, 5))
9
>>> print(add.ncalls)
2
>>> s = Spam()
>>> s.bar(1)
<__main__.Spam object at 0x109737510> 1
>>> s.bar(2)
<__main__.Spam object at 0x109737510> 2
>>> s.bar(3)
<__main__.Spam object at 0x109737510> 3
>>> print(Spam.bar.ncalls)
3
此处必须定义类对象的__call__()方法,因为在装饰器起作用时,实际上是Profiled的实例对象充当wrapper函数。实例对象要作为函数调用(使得其变成callable对象),必须实现__call__()方法。
此外,必须实现__get__()方法以使Spam的bar方法变成描述符对象,并通过types.MethodType进行方法绑定。