[转帖]SAP MM Tolerance

[转帖]SAP MM Tolerance作者：Migo 2009-3-6 21:44:00

1 Purchase Order
1.1 Tolerance limits for Price variance
SAP Menu IMG > Materials Management > Purchasing > Purchase Order > Set Tolerance limits for price variance
T-Code SPRO


1.2 GR Tolerance 设置
1.2.1 Info record


1.2.2 Purchase order


2 Goods receipt
2.1 Configuration
Set Tolerance limit
SAP Menu IMG > Materials Management > Inventory management and Physical inventory > Set Tolerance limits
T-Code OMC0


3 Invoice verification
3.1 Use
用于IV时的Invoice block (发票冻结).


注意:
1. 超过Upper Limit 提示Warning message 并 Block
2. 低于Lower Limit 直接Post
3. Message type 可以修改.

3.2 Configuration

Set Tolerance Limits (For invoice block)
SAP Menu IMG > Materials Management > Logistics Invoice Verification > Invoice Block > Set Tolerance Limits
T-Code OMR6

3.3 Tolerance Key详解
Tolerance Key

Key	Description	Remark
AN	Amount for item without order eference	无采购订单的IV
AP	Amount for item with order reference	参考采购订单的IV
BD	Form small differences automatically	小差异.IV 时的 Balance
BR	Percentage OPUn variance (IR before GR)	OPUn导致的差异 (GR后IR)
BW	Percentage OPUn variance (GR before IR)	OPUn导致的差异 (IR后GR)
DQ	Exceed amount: quantity variance	数量容差
DW	Quantity variance when GR quantity = zero	数量容差(GR Qty = 0)
KW	Variance from condition value	运费容差
LA	Amount of blanket purchase order
LD	Blanket purchase order time limit exceeded
PP	Price variance	价格容差.IV Item Amt – Qty * PO NtPrc
PS	Price variance: estimated price
ST	Date variance (value x days)	有关日期的容差.
VT	Moving average price variance

3.3.1 AN: Amount for item without order reference
If you activate the item amount check, the system checks every line item in an invoice with no order reference against the absolute upper limit defined.
前提条件:  同AP
设置参考AP.
与AP的不同点是, AN是不参照采购订单做IV时的Invoice block.

3.3.2 AP: Amount for item with order reference
If you activate the item amount check, the system checks specific line items in an invoice with order reference against the absolute upper limit defined. Which invoice items are checked depends on how you configure the item amount check.

前提条件:  激活Item amount check.

SAP Menu	IMG > Materials Management > Logistics Invoice Verification > Invoice Block > Set Tolerance Limits > Item Amount Check (Activate Item Amount Check & Set Item Amount Check )
T-Code	SPRO

Active Item Amount Check

Set Item Amount Check

3.3.3 BD: Form small differences automatically
The system checks the balance of the invoice against the absolute upper limit defined. If the upper limit is not exceeded, the system automatically creates a posting line called Expense/Income from Small Differences, making the balance zero and allowing the system to post the document.
小差异的容差范围.IV时Balance在容差范围之内,差异会posting到DIF (请参考OBYC).

3.3.4 BR: Percentage OPUn variance (IR before GR)
The system calculates the percentage variance between the following ratios: quantity invoiced in order price quantity units : quantity invoiced in order units and quantity ordered in order price quantity units : quantity ordered in order units. The system compares the variance with the upper and lower percentage tolerance limits.

3.3.5 BW: Percentage OPUn variance (GR before IR)
The system calculates the percentage variance between the following ratios: quantity invoiced in order price quantity units: quantity invoiced in order units and goods receipt quantity in order price quantity units : goods receipt quantity in order units. The system compares the variance with the upper and lower percentage limits defined.

3.3.6 DQ: Exceed amount: quantity variance
If a goods receipt has been defined for an order item and a goods receipt has already been posted, the system multiplies the net order price by (quantity invoiced - (total quantity delivered - total quantity invoiced)).
If no goods receipt has been defined, the system multiplies the net order price by (quantity invoiced - (quantity ordered - total quantity invoiced)).
The system compares the outcome with the absolute upper and lower limits defined.
This allows relatively high quantity variances for invoice items for small amounts, but only small quantity variances for invoice items for larger amounts.
You can also configure percentage limits for the quantity variance check. In this case, the system calculates the percentage variance from the expected quantity, irrespective of the order price, and compares the outcome with the percentage limits configured.
The system also carries out a quantity variance check for planned delivery costs.


3.3.7 DW: Quantity variance when GR quantity = zero
If a goods receipt is defined for an order item but none has as yet been posted, the system multiplies the net order price by (quantity invoiced + total quantity invoiced so far).
The system then compares the outcome with the absolute upper tolerance limit defined.
If you have not maintained tolerance key DW for your company code, the system blocks an invoice for which no goods receipt has been posted yet. If you want to prevent this block, then set the tolerance limits for your company code for tolerance key DW to Do not check.

3.3.8 KW: Variance from condition value
The system calculates the amount by which each delivery costs item varies from the product of quantity invoiced * planned delivery costs/ planned quantity. It compares the variance with the upper and lower limits defined (absolute limits and percentage limits).
计划运费的差异.(Planned delivery cost) – Condition

3.3.9 LA: Amount of blanket purchase order
The system calculates the sum of the value invoiced so far for the order item and the value of the current invoice and compares it with the value limit of the purchase order. It then compares the difference with the upper percentage and absolute tolerances defined.

3.3.10 LD: Blanket purchase order time limit exceeded
The system determines the number of days by which the invoice is outside the planned time interval. If the posting date of the invoice is before the validity period, the system calculates the number of days between the posting date and the start of the validity period. If the posting date of the invoice is after the validity period, the system calculates the number of days between the posting date and the end of the validity period. The system compares the number of days with the with the absolute upper limit defined.

3.3.11 PP: Price variance
The system determines by how much each invoice item varies from the product of quantity invoiced * order price. It then compares the variance with the upper and lower limits defined (absolute limits and percentage limits).
When posting a subsequent debit/credit, the system first checks if a price check has been defined for subsequent debits/credits. If so, the system calculates the difference between (value of subsequent debit/credit + value invoiced so far) / quantity invoiced so far * quantity to be debited/credited and the product of the quantity to be debited/credited * order price and compares this with the upper and lower tolerance limits (absolute limits and percentage limits).

PS) IV Item 金额与IV Qty * PO Net Price 之间的差异.

3.3.12 PS: Price variance: estimated price
If the price in an order item is marked as an estimated price, for this item, the system calculates the difference between the invoice value and the product of quantity invoiced * order price and compares the variance with the upper and lower tolerance limits defined (absolute limits and percentage limits).
When posting a subsequent debit/credit, the system first checks whether a price check has been defined for subsequent debits/credits, If so, the system calculates the difference between (value of subsequent debit/credit + value invoiced so far) / quantity invoiced so far * quantity to be debited/credited and the product quantity to be debited/credited * order price. It then compares the variance with the upper and lower tolerance limits defined (absolute limits and percentage limits).

3.3.13 ST: Date variance (value x days)
The system calculates for each item the product of amount * (scheduled delivery date - date invoice entered) and compares this product with the absolute upper limit defined. This allows relatively high schedule variances for invoice items for small amounts, but only small schedule variances for invoice items for large amounts.

PS) 价格 * 日期的差异

3.3.14 VP: Moving average price variance
When a stock posting line is created as a result of an invoice item, the system calculates the new moving average price that results from the posting. It compares the percentage variance of the new moving average price to the old price using the percentage tolerance limits defined.

PS) IV时产生的新旧MAP之间的比率与Tolerance limit 比较.

3.3.15 Note:
Variances are allowed within predefined tolerance limits. If a variance exceeds a tolerance limit, however, the system issues a message informing the user. If an upper limit (except with BD and VP) is exceeded, the invoice is blocked for payment when you post it. You must then release the invoice in a separate step. If the tolerance limit for BD is breached, the system cannot post the invoice.
Note that if you set all limits for a tolerance key to Do not check, the system does not check that tolerance limit. Therefore any variance would be accepted. This does not make sense particularly in the case of the tolerance key Form small differences automatically.

? Tolerance key的优先级?? -> 初步判断: 同时作用,但BD优先级最高.