SQL Server 日常维护经典应用
SQL Server日常维护常用的一些脚本整理。
1.sql server开启clr权限：
exec sp_configure 'clr enabled', 1 GO RECONFIGURE GO ALTER DATABASE HWMESTC SET TRUSTWORTHY ON ALTER AUTHORIZATION ON Database::HWMESTC TO sa;
2.查询数据库大小
Exec sp_spaceused select name, convert(float,size) * (8192.0/1024.0)/1024. from dbo.sysfiles
3.数据库日志压缩
--选择需要使用的数据库 USE PIMS --将数据库模式设置为SIMPLE ALTER DATABASE PIMS SET RECOVERY SIMPLE -- 将日志文件收缩到1M DBCC SHRINKFILE ('PIMS_log', 1) -- 还原数据库 ALTER DATABASE PIMS SET RECOVERY FULL
4.查看数据库连接用户
Select * From sys.dm_exec_connections
5.查看当前占用 cpu 资源最高的会话和其中执行的语句(及时CPU)
select spid,cmd,cpu,physical_io,memusage, (select top 1 [text] from ::fn_get_sql(sql_handle)) sql_text from master..sysprocesses order by cpu desc,physical_io desc
6.查看缓存中重用次数少，占用内存大的查询语句（当前缓存中未释放的）--全局
SELECT TOP 100 usecounts, objtype, p.size_in_bytes,[sql].[text] FROM sys.dm_exec_cached_plans p OUTER APPLY sys.dm_exec_sql_text (p.plan_handle) sql ORDER BY usecounts,p.size_in_bytes desc
7.看BUFFER POOL中，都缓存了哪些表(当前数据库)的数据
select OBJECT_NAME(object_id) 表名,COUNT(*) 页数,COUNT(*)*8/1024.0 Mb from sys.dm_os_buffer_descriptors a,sys.allocation_units b,sys.partitions c where a.allocation_unit_id=b.allocation_unit_id and b.container_id=c.hobt_id and database_id=DB_ID() group by OBJECT_NAME(object_id) order by 2 desc
8.查询SQLSERVER内存使用情况
select * from sys.dm_os_process_memory
9.查询SqlServer总体的内存使用情况
select type, sum(virtual_memory_reserved_kb)*0.1*10/1024/1024 as vm_Reserved_gb,--保留的内存 sum(virtual_memory_committed_kb)*0.1*10/1024/1024 as vm_Committed_gb,--提交的内存 sum(awe_allocated_kb)*0.1*10/1024/1024 as awe_Allocated_gb,--开启AWE后使用的内存 sum(shared_memory_reserved_kb)*0.1*10/1024/1024 as sm_Reserved_gb,--共享的保留内存 sum(shared_memory_committed_kb)*0.1*10/1024/1024 as sm_Committed_gb--共享的提交内存 from sys.dm_os_memory_clerks group by type order by type
10.查询当前数据库缓存的所有数据页面，哪些数据表，缓存的数据页面数量
-- 查询当前数据库缓存的所有数据页面，哪些数据表，缓存的数据页面数量 -- 从这些信息可以看出，系统经常要访问的都是哪些表，有多大？ select p.object_id, object_name=object_name(p.object_id), p.index_id, buffer_pages=count(*) from sys.allocation_units a, sys.dm_os_buffer_descriptors b, sys.partitions p where a.allocation_unit_id=b.allocation_unit_id and a.container_id=p.hobt_id and b.database_id=db_id() group by p.object_id,p.index_id order by buffer_pages desc
11.查询缓存的各类执行计划，及分别占了多少内存
-- 查询缓存的各类执行计划，及分别占了多少内存 -- 可以对比动态查询与参数化SQL（预定义语句）的缓存量 select cacheobjtype , objtype , sum(cast(size_in_bytes as bigint))/1024 as size_in_kb , count(bucketid) as cache_count from sys.dm_exec_cached_plans group by cacheobjtype, objtype order by cacheobjtype, objtype
12.查询缓存中具体的执行计划，及对应的SQL
-- 查询缓存中具体的执行计划，及对应的SQL -- 将此结果按照数据表或SQL进行统计，可以作为基线，调整索引时考虑 -- 查询结果会很大，注意将结果集输出到表或文件中 SELECT usecounts , refcounts , size_in_bytes , cacheobjtype , objtype , TEXT FROM sys.dm_exec_cached_plans cp CROSS APPLY sys.dm_exec_sql_text(plan_handle) ORDER BY objtype DESC ; GO
13.查询sql server内存整体使用情况
--查询sql server内存整体使用情况 SELECT object_name, cntr_value*0.1*10/1024/1024 ,cntr_value,cntr_type,t.counter_name,t.instance_name FROM sys.dm_os_performance_counters t WHERE counter_name = 'Total Server Memory (KB)';
14.一次性清楚数据库所有表的数据
CREATE PROCEDURE sp_DeleteAllData AS EXEC sp_MSForEachTable 'ALTER TABLE ? NOCHECK CONSTRAINT ALL' EXEC sp_MSForEachTable 'ALTER TABLE ? DISABLE TRIGGER ALL' EXEC sp_MSForEachTable 'DELETE FROM ?' EXEC sp_MSForEachTable 'ALTER TABLE ? CHECK CONSTRAINT ALL' EXEC sp_MSForEachTable 'ALTER TABLE ? ENABLE TRIGGER ALL' EXEC sp_MSFOREACHTABLE 'SELECT * FROM ?' GO
15.SQL优化相关、执行时间
SELECT creation_time N'语句编译时间' ,last_execution_time N'上次执行时间' ,total_physical_reads N'物理读取总次数' ,total_logical_reads/execution_count N'每次逻辑读次数' ,total_logical_reads N'逻辑读取总次数' ,total_logical_writes N'逻辑写入总次数' ,execution_count N'执行次数' ,total_worker_time/1000 N'所用的CPU总时间ms' ,total_elapsed_time/1000 N'总花费时间ms' ,(total_elapsed_time / execution_count)/1000 N'平均时间ms' ,SUBSTRING(st.text, (qs.statement_start_offset/2) + 1, ((CASE statement_end_offset WHEN -1 THEN DATALENGTH(st.text) ELSE qs.statement_end_offset END - qs.statement_start_offset)/2) + 1) N'执行语句' FROM sys.dm_exec_query_stats AS qs CROSS APPLY sys.dm_exec_sql_text(qs.sql_handle) st WHERE SUBSTRING(st.text, (qs.statement_start_offset/2) + 1, ((CASE statement_end_offset WHEN -1 THEN DATALENGTH(st.text) ELSE qs.statement_end_offset END - qs.statement_start_offset)/2) + 1) NOT LIKE '%fetch%' ORDER BY total_elapsed_time / execution_count DESC;
16.truncate外键表存储过程
USE PIMS GO CREATE PROCEDURE [dbo].[usp_Truncate_Table] @TableToTruncate VARCHAR(64) AS BEGIN SET NOCOUNT ON --==变量定义 DECLARE @i int DECLARE @Debug bit DECLARE @Recycle bit DECLARE @Verbose bit DECLARE @TableName varchar(80) DECLARE @ColumnName varchar(80) DECLARE @ReferencedTableName varchar(80) DECLARE @ReferencedColumnName varchar(80) DECLARE @ConstraintName varchar(250) DECLARE @CreateStatement varchar(max) DECLARE @DropStatement varchar(max) DECLARE @TruncateStatement varchar(max) DECLARE @CreateStatementTemp varchar(max) DECLARE @DropStatementTemp varchar(max) DECLARE @TruncateStatementTemp varchar(max) DECLARE @Statement varchar(max) SET @Debug = 0--(0:将执行相关语句|1:不执行语句) SET @Recycle = 0--(0:不创建/不清除存储表|1:将创建/清理存储表) set @Verbose = 1--(1:每步执行均打印消息|0:不打印消息) SET @i = 1 SET @CreateStatement = 'ALTER TABLE [dbo].[<tablename>] WITH NOCHECK ADD CONSTRAINT [<constraintname>] FOREIGN KEY([<column>]) REFERENCES [dbo].[<reftable>] ([<refcolumn>])' SET @DropStatement = 'ALTER TABLE [dbo].[<tablename>] DROP CONSTRAINT [<constraintname>]' SET @TruncateStatement = 'TRUNCATE TABLE [<tablename>]' -- 创建外键临时表 IF OBJECT_ID('tempdb..#FKs') IS NOT NULL DROP TABLE #FKs -- 获取外键 SELECT ROW_NUMBER() OVER (ORDER BY OBJECT_NAME(parent_object_id), clm1.name) as ID, OBJECT_NAME(constraint_object_id) as ConstraintName, OBJECT_NAME(parent_object_id) as TableName, clm1.name as ColumnName, OBJECT_NAME(referenced_object_id) as ReferencedTableName, clm2.name as ReferencedColumnName INTO #FKs FROM sys.foreign_key_columns fk JOIN sys.columns clm1 ON fk.parent_column_id = clm1.column_id AND fk.parent_object_id = clm1.object_id JOIN sys.columns clm2 ON fk.referenced_column_id = clm2.column_id AND fk.referenced_object_id= clm2.object_id --WHERE OBJECT_NAME(parent_object_id) not in ('//tables that you do not wont to be truncated') WHERE OBJECT_NAME(referenced_object_id) = @TableToTruncate ORDER BY OBJECT_NAME(parent_object_id) -- 外键操作(删除|重建)表 IF Not EXISTS(SELECT 1 FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.TABLES WHERE TABLE_NAME = 'Internal_FK_Definition_Storage') BEGIN IF @Verbose = 1 PRINT '1. 正在创建表(Internal_FK_Definition_Storage)...' CREATE TABLE [Internal_FK_Definition_Storage] ( ID int not null identity(1,1) primary key, FK_Name varchar(250) not null, FK_CreationStatement varchar(max) not null, FK_DestructionStatement varchar(max) not null, Table_TruncationStatement varchar(max) not null ) END ELSE BEGIN IF @Recycle = 0 BEGIN IF @Verbose = 1 PRINT '1. 正在清理表(Internal_FK_Definition_Storage)...' TRUNCATE TABLE [Internal_FK_Definition_Storage] END ELSE PRINT '1. 正在清理表(Internal_FK_Definition_Storage)...' END IF @Recycle = 0 BEGIN IF @Verbose = 1 PRINT '2. 正在备份外键定义...' WHILE (@i <= (SELECT MAX(ID) FROM #FKs)) BEGIN SET @ConstraintName = (SELECT ConstraintName FROM #FKs WHERE ID = @i) SET @TableName = (SELECT TableName FROM #FKs WHERE ID = @i) SET @ColumnName = (SELECT ColumnName FROM #FKs WHERE ID = @i) SET @ReferencedTableName = (SELECT ReferencedTableName FROM #FKs WHERE ID = @i) SET @ReferencedColumnName = (SELECT ReferencedColumnName FROM #FKs WHERE ID = @i) SET @DropStatementTemp = REPLACE(REPLACE(@DropStatement,'<tablename>',@TableName),'<constraintname>',@ConstraintName) SET @CreateStatementTemp = REPLACE(REPLACE(REPLACE(REPLACE(REPLACE(@CreateStatement,'<tablename>',@TableName),'<column>',@ColumnName),'<constraintname>',@ConstraintName),'<reftable>',@ReferencedTableName),'<refcolumn>',@ReferencedColumnName) SET @TruncateStatementTemp = REPLACE(@TruncateStatement,'<tablename>',@TableName) INSERT INTO [Internal_FK_Definition_Storage] SELECT @ConstraintName, @CreateStatementTemp, @DropStatementTemp, @TruncateStatementTemp SET @i = @i + 1 IF @Verbose = 1 PRINT ' > 已备份外键:[' + @ConstraintName + '] 所属表: [' + @TableName + ']' END END ELSE PRINT '2. 正在备份外键定义...' IF @Verbose = 1 PRINT '3. 正在删除外键...' BEGIN TRAN BEGIN TRY SET @i = 1 WHILE (@i <= (SELECT MAX(ID) FROM [Internal_FK_Definition_Storage])) BEGIN SET @ConstraintName = (SELECT FK_Name FROM [Internal_FK_Definition_Storage] WHERE ID = @i) SET @Statement = (SELECT FK_DestructionStatement FROM [Internal_FK_Definition_Storage] WITH (NOLOCK) WHERE ID = @i) IF @Debug = 1 PRINT @Statement ELSE EXEC(@Statement) SET @i = @i + 1 IF @Verbose = 1 PRINT ' > 已删除外键:[' + @ConstraintName + ']' END IF @Verbose = 1 PRINT '4. 正在清理数据表...' --先清除该外键所在表(由于外键所在表仍可能又被其他外键所引用，因此需要循环递归处理)(注：本处理未实现) --请不要使用下面注释代码 /* SET @i = 1 WHILE (@i <= (SELECT MAX(ID) FROM [Internal_FK_Definition_Storage])) BEGIN SET @Statement = (SELECT Table_TruncationStatement FROM [Internal_FK_Definition_Storage] WHERE ID = @i) IF @Debug = 1 PRINT @Statement ELSE EXEC(@Statement) SET @i = @i + 1 IF @Verbose = 1 PRINT ' > ' + @Statement END */ IF @Debug = 1 PRINT 'TRUNCATE TABLE [' + @TableToTruncate + ']' ELSE EXEC('TRUNCATE TABLE [' + @TableToTruncate + ']') IF @Verbose = 1 PRINT ' > 已清理数据表[' + @TableToTruncate + ']' IF @Verbose = 1 PRINT '5. 正在重建外键...' SET @i = 1 WHILE (@i <= (SELECT MAX(ID) FROM [Internal_FK_Definition_Storage])) BEGIN SET @ConstraintName = (SELECT FK_Name FROM [Internal_FK_Definition_Storage] WHERE ID = @i) SET @Statement = (SELECT FK_CreationStatement FROM [Internal_FK_Definition_Storage] WHERE ID = @i) IF @Debug = 1 PRINT @Statement ELSE EXEC(@Statement) SET @i = @i + 1 IF @Verbose = 1 PRINT ' > 已重建外键:[' + @ConstraintName + ']' END COMMIT END TRY BEGIN CATCH ROLLBACK PRINT '出错信息:'+ERROR_MESSAGE() END CATCH IF @Verbose = 1 PRINT '6. 处理完成！' END
17. 查看job运行持续时间
SELECT [T1].[job_id] ,[T1].[name] AS [job_name] ,[T2].[run_status] ,[T2].[run_date] ,[T2].[run_time] ,[dbo].[agent_datetime]([T2].[run_date], [T2].[run_time]) AS [run_datetime] ,[T2].[run_duration] ,DATEDIFF(SECOND, '1900-01-01', DATEADD(SECOND, 31, [dbo].[agent_datetime](19000101, [run_duration]))) AS [run_duration_s] FROM [dbo].[sysjobs] AS T1 INNER JOIN [dbo].[sysjobhistory] AS T2 ON [T2].[job_id] = [T1].[job_id] WHERE [T1].[enabled] = 1 AND [T2].[step_id] = 0 AND [T2].[run_duration] >= 1 and [T1].[name]='PIMS_CreatePaperCraftParameterAnalysisData' ORDER BY [T2].[job_id] ASC ,[T2].[run_date] ASC GO
18. 从所有缓存中释放所有未使用的缓存条目
DBCC FREESYSTEMCACHE('ALL');
19. 查询、解除死锁
--查询表死锁信息 select object_name(resource_associated_entity_id) as tableName, request_session_id as pid from sys.dm_tran_locks where resource_type = 'OBJECT' dbcc opentran --查看死锁的详细信息、执行的sql语句 exec sp_who2 53 --exec sp_who 53 DBCC inputbuffer (53) --解除死锁 kill 53
20. 查询SQL Server根据CPU消耗列出前5个最差性能的查询
-- Worst performing CPU bound queries SELECT TOP 5 st.text, qp.query_plan, qs.* FROM sys.dm_exec_query_stats qs CROSS APPLY sys.dm_exec_sql_text(qs.plan_handle) st CROSS APPLY sys.dm_exec_query_plan(qs.plan_handle) qp ORDER BY total_worker_time DESC GO
21. 显示如何依据I/O消耗来找出你性能最差的查询
-- Worst performing I/O bound queries SELECT TOP 5 st.text, qp.query_plan, qs.* FROM sys.dm_exec_query_stats qs CROSS APPLY sys.dm_exec_sql_text(qs.plan_handle) st CROSS APPLY sys.dm_exec_query_plan(qs.plan_handle) qp ORDER BY total_logical_reads DESC GO
22. 查询服务器部分特殊信息
select SERVERPROPERTY(N'edition') as Edition --数据版本，如企业版、开发版等 ,SERVERPROPERTY(N'collation') as Collation --数据库字符集 ,SERVERPROPERTY(N'servername') as ServerName --服务名 ,@@VERSION as Version --数据库版本号 ,@@LANGUAGE AS Language --数据库使用的语言，如us_english等
23.查询数据库中各数据表大小
-- ============================================= -- 描 述：更新查询数据库中各表的大小，结果存储到数据表中 -- ============================================= --查询是否存在结果存储表 IF NOT EXISTS (SELECT * FROM sysobjects where id = OBJECT_ID(N'temp_tableSpaceInfo') AND OBJECTPROPERTY(id, N'IsUserTable') = 1) BEGIN --不存在则创建 CREATE TABLE temp_tableSpaceInfo (name NVARCHAR(128), rows char(11), reserved VARCHAR(18), data VARCHAR(18), index_size VARCHAR(18), unused VARCHAR(18)) END --清空数据表 DELETE FROM temp_tableSpaceInfo --定义临时变量在遍历时存储表名称 DECLARE @tablename VARCHAR(255) --使用游标读取数据库内所有表表名 DECLARE table_list_cursor CURSOR FOR SELECT name FROM sysobjects WHERE OBJECTPROPERTY(id, N'IsTable') = 1 AND name NOT LIKE N'#%%' ORDER BY name --打开游标 OPEN table_list_cursor --读取第一条数据 FETCH NEXT FROM table_list_cursor INTO @tablename --遍历查询到的表名 WHILE @@FETCH_STATUS = 0 BEGIN --检查当前表是否为用户表 IF EXISTS (SELECT * FROM sysobjects WHERE id = OBJECT_ID(@tablename) AND OBJECTPROPERTY(id, N'IsUserTable') = 1) BEGIN --当前表则读取其信息插入到表格中 EXECUTE sp_executesql N'INSERT INTO temp_tableSpaceInfo EXEC sp_spaceused @tbname', N'@tbname varchar(255)', @tbname = @tablename END --读取下一条数据 FETCH NEXT FROM table_list_cursor INTO @tablename END --释放游标 CLOSE table_list_cursor DEALLOCATE table_list_cursor SELECT *,replace(reserved,'KB','')/1024 数据表大小M FROM temp_tableSpaceInfo order by replace(reserved,'KB','')/1024 desc drop table temp_tableSpaceInfo
24.压缩数据库、文件、日志
DBCC ShrinkFile(‘数据库名’, targetsize); /* 收缩数据库文件 */ DBCC ShrinkFile(‘数据库名_log’, targetsize); /* 收缩日志文件 */ Targetsize：单位为兆，必须为整数，DBCC SHRINKFILE 尝试将文件收缩到指定大小。 DBCC SHRINKFILE 不会将文件收缩到小于“实际使用的空间”大小，例如“分配空间”为10M，“实际使用空间”为6M，当制定targetsize为1时，则将该文件收缩到6M，不会将文件收缩到1M。 --收缩数据库 DBCC SHRINKDATABASE(数据库名，百分比) 百分比：即“收缩后文件中的最大可用空间”，取值范围“大于等于0， 小于100%”，实际使用中设为0即可。
25.用扩展时间抓取过去的死锁信息
DECLARE @SessionName SysName SELECT @SessionName = 'system_health' IF OBJECT_ID('tempdb..#Events') IS NOT NULL BEGIN DROP TABLE #Events END DECLARE @Target_File NVarChar(1000) , @Target_Dir NVarChar(1000) , @Target_File_WildCard NVarChar(1000) SELECT @Target_File = CAST(t.target_data as XML).value('EventFileTarget[1]/File[1]/@name', 'NVARCHAR(256)') FROM sys.dm_xe_session_targets t INNER JOIN sys.dm_xe_sessions s ON s.address = t.event_session_address WHERE s.name = @SessionName AND t.target_name = 'event_file' SELECT @Target_Dir = LEFT(@Target_File, Len(@Target_File) - CHARINDEX('\', REVERSE(@Target_File))) SELECT @Target_File_WildCard = @Target_Dir + '\' + @SessionName + '_*.xel' --Keep this as a separate table because it's called twice in the next query. You don't want this running twice. SELECT DeadlockGraph = CAST(event_data AS XML) , DeadlockID = Row_Number() OVER(ORDER BY file_name, file_offset) INTO #Events FROM sys.fn_xe_file_target_read_file(@Target_File_WildCard, null, null, null) AS F WHERE event_data like '<event name="xml_deadlock_report%' ;WITH Victims AS ( SELECT VictimID = Deadlock.Victims.value('@id', 'varchar(50)') , e.DeadlockID FROM #Events e CROSS APPLY e.DeadlockGraph.nodes('/event/data/value/deadlock/victim-list/victimProcess') as Deadlock(Victims) ) , DeadlockObjects AS ( SELECT DISTINCT e.DeadlockID , ObjectName = Deadlock.Resources.value('@objectname', 'nvarchar(256)') FROM #Events e CROSS APPLY e.DeadlockGraph.nodes('/event/data/value/deadlock/resource-list/*') as Deadlock(Resources) ) SELECT * FROM ( SELECT e.DeadlockID , TransactionTime = Deadlock.Process.value('@lasttranstarted', 'datetime') , DeadlockGraph , DeadlockObjects = substring((SELECT (', ' + o.ObjectName) FROM DeadlockObjects o WHERE o.DeadlockID = e.DeadlockID ORDER BY o.ObjectName FOR XML PATH ('') ), 3, 4000) , Victim = CASE WHEN v.VictimID IS NOT NULL THEN 1 ELSE 0 END , SPID = Deadlock.Process.value('@spid', 'int') , ProcedureName = Deadlock.Process.value('executionStack[1]/frame[1]/@procname[1]', 'varchar(200)') , LockMode = Deadlock.Process.value('@lockMode', 'char(1)') , Code = Deadlock.Process.value('executionStack[1]/frame[1]', 'varchar(1000)') , ClientApp = CASE LEFT(Deadlock.Process.value('@clientapp', 'varchar(100)'), 29) WHEN 'SQLAgent - TSQL JobStep (Job ' THEN 'SQLAgent Job: ' + (SELECT name FROM msdb..sysjobs sj WHERE substring(Deadlock.Process.value('@clientapp', 'varchar(100)'),32,32)=(substring(sys.fn_varbintohexstr(sj.job_id),3,100))) + ' - ' + SUBSTRING(Deadlock.Process.value('@clientapp', 'varchar(100)'), 67, len(Deadlock.Process.value('@clientapp', 'varchar(100)'))-67) ELSE Deadlock.Process.value('@clientapp', 'varchar(100)') END , HostName = Deadlock.Process.value('@hostname', 'varchar(20)') , LoginName = Deadlock.Process.value('@loginname', 'varchar(20)') , InputBuffer = Deadlock.Process.value('inputbuf[1]', 'varchar(1000)') FROM #Events e CROSS APPLY e.DeadlockGraph.nodes('/event/data/value/deadlock/process-list/process') as Deadlock(Process) LEFT JOIN Victims v ON v.DeadlockID = e.DeadlockID AND v.VictimID = Deadlock.Process.value('@id', 'varchar(50)') ) X ORDER BY DeadlockID DESC
26.数据库对象信息检索
--查看对象的说明信息 exec sp_help 'T_papermachine' --显示视图、存储过程、函数、触发器的定义脚本。 exec sp_helptext 'proc_report_getmeasuredata' --显示表的行数和占用空间。 exec sp_spaceused 'T_papermachine' --显示表或视图的前100行，选定“tablename,1000”按Ctrl+F1可显示表的前1000行。 exec sp_executesql N'IF OBJECT_ID(@tablename) IS NOT NULL EXEC(N''SELECT TOP(''+@n+N'') * FROM ''+@tablename)',N'@tablename nvarchar(100)=''t_papermachine'',@n int=100' --显示表中每个索引占用的空间。 exec sp_executesql N'SELECT index_name = ind.name, ddps.used_page_count, ddps.reserved_page_count, ddps.row_count FROM sys.indexes ind INNER JOIN sys.dm_db_partition_stats ddps ON ind.object_id = ddps.object_id AND ind.index_id = ddps.index_id WHERE ind.object_id = OBJECT_ID(@tablename)',N'@tablename nvarchar(100)=''t_papermachine''' --显示表或视图的字段名，以逗号分隔。 exec sp_executesql N'SELECT columns = STUFF((SELECT '', ''+name FROM sys.columns WHERE object_id = OBJECT_ID(@tablename) FOR XML PATH('''')),1,2,'''')',N'@tablename nvarchar(100)=''T_Papermachine''' --根据选定关键词在当前数据库中查找表、视图、存储过程、函数 exec sp_executesql N'SELECT * FROM sys.objects WHERE type IN (''U'',''V'',''P'',''FN'') AND name LIKE ''%''+@keyword+''%'' ORDER BY type,name',N'@keyword nvarchar(50)=''machine''' --查询数据库中包含指定关键词的表、视图、存储过程、函数 select routine_name,routine_definition,routine_type from information_schema.routines where routine_definition like '%AssessmentSpeed%' order by routine_type --模糊查询存储过程sql中包含某个文本 SELECT obj.Name 存储过程名, sc.TEXT 存储过程内容 FROM syscomments sc INNER JOIN sysobjects obj ON sc.Id = obj.ID WHERE sc.TEXT LIKE '%存储过程内容%'
27.数据库用户、权限操作
USE [master] GO --待确认账号密码 CREATE LOGIN [NDIT] WITH PASSWORD=N'1', DEFAULT_DATABASE=[PIMS], CHECK_EXPIRATION=OFF, CHECK_POLICY=OFF GO USE PIMS go CREATE USER [NDIT] FOR LOGIN [NDIT] GO --大权限， 如果是指定的部分表，不执行这个，如果是所有内容都可以读，用此脚本 --EXEC sp_addrolemember N'db_datareader', N'NDIT' --GO --指定特定表名赋予新增/更新/查询 DECLARE @Sql NVARCHAR(max) SET @Sql='' --table --SELECT @Sql=@Sql+'GRANT INSERT,UPDATE,SELECT ON ['+a.name+'] TO [NDIT];' FROM sys.tables AS a WHERE name IN ('Tab1','Tab2'); --view --SELECT @Sql=@Sql+'GRANT INSERT,UPDATE,SELECT ON ['+a.name+'] TO [NDIT];' FROM sys.views AS a WHERE name IN ('view1','view2'); --procedure --SELECT @Sql=@Sql+'GRANT INSERT,UPDATE,SELECT ON ['+a.name+'] TO [NDIT];' FROM sys.procedures AS a WHERE name IN ('proc1','proc2'); PRINT @Sql EXEC(@Sql) go --禁用登陆帐户 alter login NDIT disable --启用登陆帐户 alter login NDIT enable --登陆帐户改名 alter login NDIT with name=dba_tom --登陆帐户改密码： alter login NDIT with password='aabb@ccdd' --数据库用户改名： alter user NDIT with name=dba_tom --更改数据库用户 defult_schema： alter user NDIT with default_schema=sales --删除数据库用户： drop user NDIT --删除 SQL Server登陆帐户： drop login NDIT
28.使用Checksum结合NewID获得随机数
Create FUNCTION Scalar_CheckSumNEWID ( @From int, @To int, @Keep int, @newid varchar(50) ) RETURNS float BEGIN DECLARE @ResultVar float SELECT @ResultVar=CONVERT(BIGINT,RIGHT(ABS(CHECKSUM(@newid)),9))*0.1/100000000 RETURN @From+round((@To-@From)*@ResultVar,@Keep) END GO
29. 查询数据库表字段各项属性信息，便于直接复制导出excel表
SELECT 表名 = Case When A.colorder=1 Then D.name Else '' End, 表说明 = Case When A.colorder=1 Then isnull(F.value,'') Else '' End, 字段序号 = A.colorder, 字段名 = A.name, 字段说明 = isnull(G.[value],''), 标识 = Case When COLUMNPROPERTY( A.id,A.name,'IsIdentity')=1 Then '√'Else '' End, 主键 = Case When exists(SELECT 1 FROM sysobjects Where xtype='PK' and parent_obj=A.id and name in ( SELECT name FROM sysindexes WHERE indid in( SELECT indid FROM sysindexkeys WHERE id = A.id AND colid=A.colid))) then '√' else '' end, 类型 = B.name, 占用字节数 = A.Length, 长度 = COLUMNPROPERTY(A.id,A.name,'PRECISION'), 小数位数 = isnull(COLUMNPROPERTY(A.id,A.name,'Scale'),0), 允许空 = Case When A.isnullable=1 Then '√'Else '' End, 默认值 = isnull(E.Text,'') FROM syscolumns A Left Join systypes B On A.xusertype=B.xusertype Inner Join sysobjects D On A.id=D.id and D.xtype='U' and D.name<>'dtproperties' Left Join syscomments E on A.cdefault=E.id Left Join sys.extended_properties G on A.id=G.major_id and A.colid=G.minor_id Left Join sys.extended_properties F On D.id=F.major_id and F.minor_id=0 --where d.name='OrderInfo' --如果只查询指定表,加上此条件 Order By A.id,A.colorder
30. 判断是否存在数据库、表、列、视图
1 判断数据库是否存在 if exists (select * from sys.databases where name = '数据库名') drop database [数据库名] 2 判断表是否存在 if exists (select * from sysobjects where id = object_id(N'[表名]') and OBJECTPROPERTY(id, N'IsUserTable') = 1) drop table [表名] 3 判断存储过程是否存在 if exists (select * from sysobjects where id = object_id(N'[存储过程名]') and OBJECTPROPERTY(id, N'IsProcedure') = 1) drop procedure [存储过程名] 4 判断临时表是否存在 if object_id('tempdb..#临时表名') is not null drop table #临时表名 5 判断视图是否存在 --判断是否存在'MyView52'这个试图 IF EXISTS (SELECT TABLE_NAME FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.VIEWS WHERE TABLE_NAME = N'MyView52') PRINT '存在' else PRINT '不存在' 6 判断函数是否存在 -- 判断要创建的函数名是否存在 if exists (select * from dbo.sysobjects where id = object_id(N'[dbo].[函数名]') and xtype in (N'FN', N'IF', N'TF')) drop function [dbo].[函数名] 7 获取用户创建的对象信息 SELECT [name],[id],crdate FROM sysobjects where xtype='U' 8 判断列是否存在 if exists(select * from syscolumns where id=object_id('表名') and name='列名') alter table 表名 drop column 列名 9 判断列是否自增列 if columnproperty(object_id('table'),'col','IsIdentity')=1 print '自增列' else print '不是自增列' SELECT * FROM sys.columns WHERE object_id=OBJECT_ID('表名') AND is_identity=1 10 判断表中是否存在索引 if exists(select * from sysindexes where id=object_id('表名') and name='索引名') print '存在' else print '不存在' 删除索引 drop index 表名.索引名 或: drop index 索引名 on 表名(貌似2000不行) 11 查看数据库中对象 SELECT * FROM sys.sysobjects WHERE name='对象名' SELECT * FROM sys.sysobjects WHERE name='对象名'
31. CTE查询的存储过程执行时间明显超出T-Sql查询。 可以通过添加“WITH RECOMPILE”参数，强制存储过程每次执行时重编译，实现快速查询。
大神的帖子： Parameter Sniffing, Embedding, and the RECOMPILE Options
32. 解决insert exec 嵌套问题，解决办法是建立一个指向自己的数据库，增加链接服务器。
--1. 首先，增加链接服务器： exec sp_addlinkedserver 'srv1','','SQLOLEDB','(local)' exec sp_addlinkedsrvlogin 'srv1','false',null,'sa','sa' --2. 其次找到该链接服务器，右键属性，开启RPC： 服务器对象->链接服务器->右键->属性->服务器选项->RPC、RPC Out 都设置为True --3. 启动MSDTC服务：
服务名称为：MSDTC（显示名称为Distributed Transaction Coordinator）
如果没启动会报错如下：MSDTC on server 'servername' is unavailable
--4. 调整存储过程访问，使用srv1调用存储过程
insert #Temp exec srv1.DBName.dbo.Proc_Test @param
--5. 成功！结束！
33. 查询数据库连接数、用户等
--查看连接到数据库"DB"的连接 SELECT * from master.dbo.sysprocesses WHERE dbid = DB_ID('DB') --查询某个数据库用户的连接情况 sp_who 'sa' --查看数据库允许的最大连接 select @@MAX_CONNECTIONS --查看数据库自上次启动以来的连接次数 SELECT @@CONNECTIONS --关闭连接，上面的查询可以得到spid，根据spid，关闭进程就可以了。 kill 54
34. 数据库缓存清理
CREATE PROCEDURE [dbo].ClearMemory AS BEGIN --清除所有缓存 DBCC DROPCLEANBUFFERS --打开高级配置 exec sp_configure 'show advanced options', 1 --设置最大内存值，清除现有缓存空间 exec sp_configure 'max server memory', 25600 EXEC ('RECONFIGURE') --设置等待时间 WAITFOR DELAY '00:00:01' --重新设置最大内存值 EXEC sp_configure 'max server memory',40960 EXEC ('RECONFIGURE') --关闭高级配置 exec sp_configure 'show advanced options',0 END GO
35. sqlcmd命令修改memory
net start MSSQLServer /mSQLCMD /f SQLCMD EXEC sp_configure 'show advanced option', '1' GO RECONFIGURE WITH OVERRIDE GO EXEC sp_configure 'max server memory', '40960' GO RECONFIGURE WITH OVERRIDE GO go
36. 数据库还原中。。。
RESTORE DATABASE 数据库名 WITH RECOVERY
37.SQLServer查询所有子节点
用CTE递归 ;with f as ( select * from tab where id=1 union all select a.* from tab as a inner join f as b on a.pid=b.id ) select * from f
38.同数据集通过偏移量进行行关联计算
LAG(访问相同结果集的先前行中的数据)、Lead(访问相同结果集的后续行中的数据)
https://docs.microsoft.com/zh-cn/sql/t-sql/functions/lag-transact-sql?view=sql-server-ver15
39.列拼接字符串
select stuff(( select ';'+name from Student for xml path('')),1,1,'') as name
40. 更新函数
EXECUTE sp_refreshsqlmodule N'[dbo].[Proc_Chart]';
41.行转列
Declare @tanks nvarchar(200); Declare @sql nvarchar(4000) set @tanks=(SELECT STUFF((SELECT ','+tl.UnitCode FROM dbo.V_CP_Tank tl FOR XML PATH('')),1,1,'')) SELECT @tanks SET @sql=' SELECT DataDate,'+@tanks+' FROM CP_TankMass PIVOT(sum(RealQuantity) FOR [UnitCode] IN('+@tanks+')) AS T ' Exec(@sql)
42.延时
SQL有定时执行的语句WaitFor。 语法格式：waitfor {delay 'time'|time 'time'} delay后面的时间是需要延迟多长时间后执行。 time后面的时间是指定何时执行，格式为'HH:MM:SS',不支持日期
如果觉得文章对您有帮助，请不吝点个赞，表示一下支持！谢谢！
