应用中,我们可能会需要实现像Ctrl+C复制、Ctrl+V粘贴这样的快捷键,本文简单介绍了它的实现,并给出了一个实现类。
(1)建立一个类文件,命名为HotKey.cs,代码如下:
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Code
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using System;
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using System.Collections.Generic;
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using System.Runtime.InteropServices;
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using System.Windows.Forms;
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namespace KoalaStudio.BookshopManager
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{
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class HotKey
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{
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//如果函数执行成功,返回值不为0。
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//如果函数执行失败,返回值为0。要得到扩展错误信息,调用GetLastError。
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[DllImport("user32.dll", SetLastError = true)]
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public static extern bool RegisterHotKey(
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IntPtr hWnd, //要定义热键的窗口的句柄
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int id, //定义热键ID(不能与其它ID重复)
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KeyModifiers fsModifiers, //标识热键是否在按Alt、Ctrl、Shift、Windows等键时才会生效
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Keys vk //定义热键的内容
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);
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[DllImport("user32.dll", SetLastError = true)]
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public static extern bool UnregisterHotKey(
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IntPtr hWnd, //要取消热键的窗口的句柄
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int id //要取消热键的ID
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);
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//定义了辅助键的名称(将数字转变为字符以便于记忆,也可去除此枚举而直接使用数值)
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[Flags()]
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public enum KeyModifiers
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{
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None = 0,
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Alt = 1,
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Ctrl = 2,
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Shift = 4,
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WindowsKey = 8
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}
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}
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}
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简单说明一下:
“public static extern bool RegisterHotKey()”这个函数用于注册热键。由于这个函数需要引用user32.dll动态链接库后才能使用,并且
user32.dll是非托管代码,不能用命名空间的方式直接引用,所以需要用“DllImport”进行引入后才能使用。于是在函数前面需要加上
“[DllImport("user32.dll", SetLastError = true)]”这行语句。
“public static extern bool UnregisterHotKey()”这个函数用于注销热键,同理也需要用DllImport引用user32.dll后才能使用。
“public enum KeyModifiers{}”定义了一组枚举,将辅助键的数字代码直接表示为文字,以方便使用。这样在调用时我们不必记住每一个辅
助键的代码而只需直接选择其名称即可。
(2)以窗体FormA为例,介绍HotKey类的使用
在FormA的Activate事件中注册热键,本例中注册Shift+S,Ctrl+Z,Alt+D这三个热键。这里的Id号可任意设置,但要保证不被重复。
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private void Form_Activated(object sender, EventArgs e)
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{
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//注册热键Shift+S,Id号为100。HotKey.KeyModifiers.Shift也可以直接使用数字4来表示。
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HotKey.RegisterHotKey(Handle, 100, HotKey.KeyModifiers.Shift, Keys.S);
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//注册热键Ctrl+B,Id号为101。HotKey.KeyModifiers.Ctrl也可以直接使用数字2来表示。
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HotKey.RegisterHotKey(Handle, 101, HotKey.KeyModifiers.Ctrl, Keys.B);
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//注册热键Alt+D,Id号为102。HotKey.KeyModifiers.Alt也可以直接使用数字1来表示。
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HotKey.RegisterHotKey(Handle, 102, HotKey.KeyModifiers.Alt, Keys.D);
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}
在FormA的Leave事件中注销热键。
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Code
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private void FrmSale_Leave(object sender, EventArgs e)
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{
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//注销Id号为100的热键设定
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HotKey.UnregisterHotKey(Handle, 100);
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//注销Id号为101的热键设定
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HotKey.UnregisterHotKey(Handle, 101);
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//注销Id号为102的热键设定
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HotKey.UnregisterHotKey(Handle, 102);
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}
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重载FromA中的WndProc函数
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Code
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/**////
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/// 监视Windows消息
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/// 重载WndProc方法,用于实现热键响应
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///
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///
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protected override void WndProc(ref Message m)
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{
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const int WM_HOTKEY = 0x0312;
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//按快捷键
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switch (m.Msg)
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{
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case WM_HOTKEY:
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switch (m.WParam.ToInt32())
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{
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case 100: //按下的是Shift+S
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//此处填写快捷键响应代码
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break;
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case 101: //按下的是Ctrl+B
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//此处填写快捷键响应代码
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break;
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case 102: //按下的是Alt+D
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//此处填写快捷键响应代码
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break;
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}
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break;
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}
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base.WndProc(ref m);
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}
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完成代码后,我们在窗体中按下Shift+S、Ctrl+B、Alt+D这三组快捷键中的任意一组时,程序都会做出响应的反应。
要设置快捷键必须使用user32.dll下面的两个方法。
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BOOL RegisterHotKey( //注册系统热键的API函数
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HWND hWnd,
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int id,
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UINT fsModifiers,
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UINT vk
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);
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BOOL UnregisterHotKey( //删除系统热键的API函数
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HWND hWnd,
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int id
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);