[leetcode] Permutations
Given a collection of numbers, return all possible permutations.
For example,
[1,2,3]have the following permutations:
[1,2,3],[1,3,2],[2,1,3],[2,3,1],[3,1,2], and[3,2,1].
https://oj.leetcode.com/problems/permutations/
思路:生成permutation,这题假设没有重复元素,递归求解,每一次在cur位置填元素,添之前判断钙元素是否已经用过,没用过继续下去,指导cur==n。
public class Solution { public ArrayList<ArrayList<Integer>> permute(int[] num) { if (num == null) return null; ArrayList<ArrayList<Integer>> res = new ArrayList<ArrayList<Integer>>(); if (num.length == 0) return res; int[] permSeq = new int[num.length]; perm(num.length, 0, num, permSeq, res); return res; } private void perm(int n, int cur, int[] num, int[] perm, ArrayList<ArrayList<Integer>> res) { if (cur == n) { ArrayList<Integer> tmp = new ArrayList<Integer>(); for (int i = 0; i < perm.length; i++) { tmp.add(perm[i]); } res.add(tmp); } else { int i; for (i = 0; i < num.length; i++) { int j; boolean ok = true; for (j = cur - 1; j >= 0; j--) { if (perm[j] == num[i]) ok = false; } if (ok) { perm[cur] = num[i]; perm(n, cur + 1, num, perm, res); } } } } public static void main(String[] args) { System.out.println(new Solution().permute(new int[] { 1, 2, 3,4 })); } }
第二遍记录:
注意java的写法和c的写法在语法上的区别。
注意 ok java用boolean。
java版本不去要cur变量,而是利用tmp.length代表当前已经填好的元素。
java:
import java.util.ArrayList; import java.util.List; public class Solution { public List<List<Integer>> permute(int[] num) { List<List<Integer>> res = new ArrayList<List<Integer>>(); if (num == null || num.length == 0) return res; List<Integer> tmp = new ArrayList<Integer>(); permuteHelper(res, tmp, num); return res; } private void permuteHelper(List<List<Integer>> res, List<Integer> tmp, int[] num) { if (tmp.size() == num.length) { res.add(new ArrayList<>(tmp)); return; } else { for (int i = 0; i < num.length; i++) { boolean ok = true; for (int j = 0; j < tmp.size(); j++) { if (tmp.get(j) == num[i]) { ok = false; break; } } if (ok) { tmp.add(num[i]); permuteHelper(res, tmp, num); tmp.remove(tmp.size() - 1); } } } } public static void main(String[] args) { System.out.println(new Solution().permute(new int[] { 1, 2, 3, 4 })); } }
参考C语言(并且支持集合有重复元素)
#include<cstdio> #include<cstdlib> #define MAXN 10 int cmp(const void*a, const void* b) { return *(int*) a - *(int*) b; } void print_permutation(int n, int P[], int A[], int cur) { if (cur == n) { for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) printf("%d ", A[i]); putchar('\n'); } else for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) if (!i || P[i] != P[i - 1]) { //if的意思: 对于重复元素(排序后已经挨在一起),只试它们中的第一个,其余跳过 //P[0]是必然要试的:若有多个等于P[0]的值,P[0]必为第一个(0-1=-1不在数组下表范围内);若只有一个,更理所当然地要试P[0]。(!i即为i==0) int c1 = 0, c2 = 0; for (int j = 0; j < cur; j++) if (A[j] == P[i]) c1++; for (int j = 0; j < n; j++) if (P[j] == P[i]) c2++; if (c1 < c2) { A[cur] = P[i]; print_permutation(n, P, A, cur + 1); } } } int main() { int n, A[MAXN], P[MAXN]; scanf("%d", &n); for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) scanf("%d", &P[i]); qsort(P, n, sizeof(int), cmp); print_permutation(n, P, A, 0); return 0; }
第四遍记录: 又笔误,j小于tmp.size()而不是i!
for(int j=0;j<tmp.size();j++){
...
}