Quartz2.0以上版本的单机和集群
(一)Quartz单机
1.Quartz简介
Quartz是一个完全由java编写的开源作业调度框架，能实现业务的定时调度。Quartz主要有三个核心调度器、任务和触发器：
①任务-JobDetail：Quartz在任务调度的时候，需要创建一个任务实例，JobDetail正是承担这个角色。在Quartz2.0以前的版本中，创建一个任务通过new JobDetail(String jobName, String gruop, Class jobCLass)这个方法来创建，在2.0之后的版本中通过JobBuilder来创建任务。Job接口中只有一个方法void execute(JobExecutionContext context) throws JobExecutionException，因此在任务调度时，只需要实现execute方法就可以了，使用起来很方便。
②触发器-Trigger：定义Job的执行时间、次数等信息，有SimpleTrigger和CronTrigger两种类型。当你需要的是一次性的调度，或者你需要在指定的时间激活某个任务并执行N次，设置每次任务执行的间隔时间T。那此时使用SimpleTrigger将是非常方便的。如果你想在每周的周一7:00或者每月的第2,3天实现任务调度，这时候就需要用到CronTrigger，CronTrigger能够提供复杂的触发器表达式满足我们的需求。同时需要提到的一点是Quartz还提供很多日期的实现类DateBuilder等，在实际使用中很方便。
③调度器-Scheduler：Quartz框架的核心是调度器。调度器负责管理Quartz应用运行时环境。调度器不是靠自己做所有的工作，而是依赖框架内一些非常重要的部件。Quartz不仅仅是线程和线程管理。为确保可伸缩性，Quartz采用了基于多线程的架构。启动时，框架初始化一套worker线程，这套线程被调度器用来执行预定的作业。这就是Quartz怎样能并发运行多个作业的原理。Quartz依赖一套松耦合的线程池管理部件来管理线程环境。
2.搭建Quartz工程
①创建一个新工程
新建文件lib作为外部jar包，Quartz最新版本通过官网可以下载http://www.quartz-scheduler.org/downloads/。导入你下载的quartz包，新建package为com.example.singleQuartz,里面就两个简单的类SingleQuartzJob和SingleQuartzServer。SingleQuartzJob定义Job的实现类，SingleQuartzServer任务调度服务。
②SingleQuartzJob.java定义Job的实现类
package com.example.singleQuartz; import org.quartz.Job; import org.quartz.JobExecutionContext; import org.quartz.JobExecutionException; import java.util.Date; /** * Created by XuHui on 2016/12/22. */ public class SingleQuartzJob implements Job { @Override public void execute(JobExecutionContext context) throws JobExecutionException { System.out.print("Hello, Quartz! - executing its JOB at "+ new Date() + " by " + context.getTrigger().getJobKey() + "\n"); } }
③SingleQuartzServer.java实现任务调度
package com.example.singleQuartz; import org.quartz.*; import org.quartz.impl.StdSchedulerFactory; import java.util.Date; import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit; /** * Created by XuHui on 2016/12/22. */ public class SingleQuartzServer { public static void main(String[] args) throws SchedulerException { /* 获取Scheduler实例 */ SchedulerFactory factory = new StdSchedulerFactory(); Scheduler scheduler = factory.getScheduler(); /* 启动调度器 */ scheduler.start(); /* 任务：withIdentity(String name, String group)，其中groupName可以自己定义，也可以用Scheduler提供的DEFAULT_GROUP。 这里要求同组里面的jobName不能相同*/ JobDetail jobDetail = JobBuilder.newJob(SingleQuartzJob.class) .withIdentity("job", Scheduler.DEFAULT_GROUP) .build(); /*触发器：SimpleTrigger和CronTrigger。实现的功能是：接下来30s后执行job，以后每个10s执行一次，重复10次，一共执行11次。 nextGivenSecondDate(null, 30)距离现在时间30s之后执行job，此处null可写作new Date(),可自行在api查看源码实现 */ Date startTime = DateBuilder.nextGivenSecondDate(null, 30); SimpleTrigger simpleTrigger = TriggerBuilder.newTrigger() .withIdentity("trigger", Scheduler.DEFAULT_GROUP) .startAt(startTime) .withSchedule(SimpleScheduleBuilder.simpleSchedule() .withIntervalInSeconds(10) .withRepeatCount(10)) .forJob(jobDetail) .build(); /* 交由调度器调度Job */ scheduler.scheduleJob(jobDetail, simpleTrigger); /* 3分钟任务调度之后关闭调度器 */ try{ TimeUnit.MINUTES.sleep(3); } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); } finally { scheduler.shutdown(); } } }
④执行任务调度
执行run->main但是发现报错了。此时是少了两个个日志包，slf4j-api-1.7.22.jar和slf4j-simple-1.7.22.jar，我们只要添加slf4j包就可以了。
通过官网可以下载http://www.slf4j.org/download.html，找到这两个包放到lib下就可以了。
Exception in thread "main" java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: org/slf4j/LoggerFactory at org.quartz.impl.StdSchedulerFactory.<init>(StdSchedulerFactory.java:303) at com.example.singleQuartz.SingleQuartzServer.main(SingleQuartzServer.java:15) at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method) at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(Unknown Source) at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(Unknown Source) at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Unknown Source) at com.intellij.rt.execution.application.AppMain.main(AppMain.java:144) Caused by: java.lang.ClassNotFoundException: org.slf4j.LoggerFactory at java.net.URLClassLoader.findClass(Unknown Source) at java.lang.ClassLoader.loadClass(Unknown Source) at sun.misc.Launcher$AppClassLoader.loadClass(Unknown Source) at java.lang.ClassLoader.loadClass(Unknown Source) ... 7 more
解决完上面日志包的问题，我们运行上面程序可以看到正常的调度结果如下。
[main] INFO org.quartz.core.QuartzScheduler - Scheduler DefaultQuartzScheduler_$_NON_CLUSTERED started. Hello, Quartz! - executing its JOB at Thu Dec 22 19:40:30 CST 2016 by DEFAULT.job Hello, Quartz! - executing its JOB at Thu Dec 22 19:40:40 CST 2016 by DEFAULT.job Hello, Quartz! - executing its JOB at Thu Dec 22 19:40:50 CST 2016 by DEFAULT.job Hello, Quartz! - executing its JOB at Thu Dec 22 19:41:00 CST 2016 by DEFAULT.job Hello, Quartz! - executing its JOB at Thu Dec 22 19:41:10 CST 2016 by DEFAULT.job Hello, Quartz! - executing its JOB at Thu Dec 22 19:41:20 CST 2016 by DEFAULT.job Hello, Quartz! - executing its JOB at Thu Dec 22 19:41:30 CST 2016 by DEFAULT.job Hello, Quartz! - executing its JOB at Thu Dec 22 19:41:40 CST 2016 by DEFAULT.job Hello, Quartz! - executing its JOB at Thu Dec 22 19:41:50 CST 2016 by DEFAULT.job Hello, Quartz! - executing its JOB at Thu Dec 22 19:42:00 CST 2016 by DEFAULT.job Hello, Quartz! - executing its JOB at Thu Dec 22 19:42:10 CST 2016 by DEFAULT.job [main] INFO org.quartz.core.QuartzScheduler - Scheduler DefaultQuartzScheduler_$_NON_CLUSTERED shutting down. [main] INFO org.quartz.core.QuartzScheduler - Scheduler DefaultQuartzScheduler_$_NON_CLUSTERED paused. [main] INFO org.quartz.core.QuartzScheduler - Scheduler DefaultQuartzScheduler_$_NON_CLUSTERED shutdown complete.
⑤任务调度的多线程
Scheduler是存在多对多的关系，由于线程池的存在，调度器实现多线程并发执行任务调度，直接看下面demo就能明白。
package com.example.singleQuartz; import org.quartz.*; import org.quartz.impl.StdSchedulerFactory; import java.util.Date; import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit; /** * Created by XuHui on 2016/12/22. */ public class SingleQuartzThreadPoolServer { public static void main(String[] args) throws SchedulerException { /* 获取Scheduler实例 */ SchedulerFactory factory = new StdSchedulerFactory(); Scheduler scheduler = factory.getScheduler(); /* 启动调度器 */ scheduler.start(); /******************************************************* Job-1 ****************************************************************/ /* 任务：withIdentity(String name, String group)，其中groupName可以自己定义，也可以用Scheduler提供的DEFAULT_GROUP。 这里要求同组里面的jobName不能相同*/ JobDetail jobDetail = JobBuilder.newJob(SingleQuartzJob.class) .withIdentity("job1", Scheduler.DEFAULT_GROUP) .build(); /*触发器：SimpleTrigger和CronTrigger。实现的功能是：接下来30s后执行job，以后每个10s执行一次，重复10次，一共执行11次。 nextGivenSecondDate(null, 30)距离现在时间30s之后执行job，此处null可写作new Date(),可自行在api查看源码实现 */ Date startTime = DateBuilder.nextGivenSecondDate(null, 30); SimpleTrigger simpleTrigger = TriggerBuilder.newTrigger() .withIdentity("trigger1", Scheduler.DEFAULT_GROUP) .startAt(startTime) .withSchedule(SimpleScheduleBuilder.simpleSchedule() .withIntervalInSeconds(10) .withRepeatCount(2)) .forJob(jobDetail) .build(); /* 交由调度器调度Job */ scheduler.scheduleJob(jobDetail, simpleTrigger); /******************************************************* Job-2 ****************************************************************/ jobDetail = JobBuilder.newJob(SingleQuartzJob.class) .withIdentity("job2", Scheduler.DEFAULT_GROUP) .build(); simpleTrigger = TriggerBuilder.newTrigger() .withIdentity("trigger2", Scheduler.DEFAULT_GROUP) .startAt(startTime) .withSchedule(SimpleScheduleBuilder.simpleSchedule() .withIntervalInSeconds(10) .withRepeatCount(2)) .forJob(jobDetail) .build(); scheduler.scheduleJob(jobDetail, simpleTrigger); /******************************************************* Job-3 ****************************************************************/ jobDetail = JobBuilder.newJob(SingleQuartzJob.class) .withIdentity("job3", Scheduler.DEFAULT_GROUP) .build(); simpleTrigger = TriggerBuilder.newTrigger() .withIdentity("trigger3", Scheduler.DEFAULT_GROUP) .startAt(startTime) .withSchedule(SimpleScheduleBuilder.simpleSchedule() .withIntervalInSeconds(10) .withRepeatCount(2)) .forJob(jobDetail) .build(); scheduler.scheduleJob(jobDetail, simpleTrigger); /* 2分钟任务调度之后关闭调度器 */ try{ TimeUnit.MINUTES.sleep(2); } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); } finally { scheduler.shutdown(); } } }
执行结果如下：
[main] INFO org.quartz.core.QuartzScheduler - Scheduler DefaultQuartzScheduler_$_NON_CLUSTERED started. Hello, Quartz! - executing its JOB at Thu Dec 22 19:52:30 CST 2016 by DEFAULT.job1 Hello, Quartz! - executing its JOB at Thu Dec 22 19:52:30 CST 2016 by DEFAULT.job2 Hello, Quartz! - executing its JOB at Thu Dec 22 19:52:30 CST 2016 by DEFAULT.job3 Hello, Quartz! - executing its JOB at Thu Dec 22 19:52:40 CST 2016 by DEFAULT.job3 Hello, Quartz! - executing its JOB at Thu Dec 22 19:52:40 CST 2016 by DEFAULT.job1 Hello, Quartz! - executing its JOB at Thu Dec 22 19:52:40 CST 2016 by DEFAULT.job2 Hello, Quartz! - executing its JOB at Thu Dec 22 19:52:50 CST 2016 by DEFAULT.job1 Hello, Quartz! - executing its JOB at Thu Dec 22 19:52:50 CST 2016 by DEFAULT.job3 Hello, Quartz! - executing its JOB at Thu Dec 22 19:52:50 CST 2016 by DEFAULT.job2 [main] INFO org.quartz.core.QuartzScheduler - Scheduler DefaultQuartzScheduler_$_NON_CLUSTERED shutting down. [main] INFO org.quartz.core.QuartzScheduler - Scheduler DefaultQuartzScheduler_$_NON_CLUSTERED paused. [main] INFO org.quartz.core.QuartzScheduler - Scheduler DefaultQuartzScheduler_$_NON_CLUSTERED shutdown complete.
(二)任务调度持久到数据库
1.建立数据库和建表
上面的例子的任务是存在内存中的，如果程序关闭任务就会消失，为了保持任务的可持久性，需要将任务调度存到数据库中。在你下载的quartz包下找到quartz-2.2.1\docs\dbTables\，找到你对应的数据库建表语言，这里我用的是mysql数据库tables_mysql.sql。在你本地或者服务器数据库新建一个数据库quartz(你可以不建，主要为了和其他数据库区分)。将以下的建表语言导入该数据库。
# # Quartz seems to work best with the driver mm.mysql-2.0.7-bin.jar # # PLEASE consider using mysql with innodb tables to avoid locking issues # # In your Quartz properties file, you'll need to set # org.quartz.jobStore.driverDelegateClass = org.quartz.impl.jdbcjobstore.StdJDBCDelegate # DROP TABLE IF EXISTS QRTZ_FIRED_TRIGGERS; DROP TABLE IF EXISTS QRTZ_PAUSED_TRIGGER_GRPS; DROP TABLE IF EXISTS QRTZ_SCHEDULER_STATE; DROP TABLE IF EXISTS QRTZ_LOCKS; DROP TABLE IF EXISTS QRTZ_SIMPLE_TRIGGERS; DROP TABLE IF EXISTS QRTZ_SIMPROP_TRIGGERS; DROP TABLE IF EXISTS QRTZ_CRON_TRIGGERS; DROP TABLE IF EXISTS QRTZ_BLOB_TRIGGERS; DROP TABLE IF EXISTS QRTZ_TRIGGERS; DROP TABLE IF EXISTS QRTZ_JOB_DETAILS; DROP TABLE IF EXISTS QRTZ_CALENDARS; CREATE TABLE QRTZ_JOB_DETAILS ( SCHED_NAME VARCHAR(120) NOT NULL, JOB_NAME VARCHAR(200) NOT NULL, JOB_GROUP VARCHAR(200) NOT NULL, DESCRIPTION VARCHAR(250) NULL, JOB_CLASS_NAME VARCHAR(250) NOT NULL, IS_DURABLE VARCHAR(1) NOT NULL, IS_NONCONCURRENT VARCHAR(1) NOT NULL, IS_UPDATE_DATA VARCHAR(1) NOT NULL, REQUESTS_RECOVERY VARCHAR(1) NOT NULL, JOB_DATA BLOB NULL, PRIMARY KEY (SCHED_NAME,JOB_NAME,JOB_GROUP) ); CREATE TABLE QRTZ_TRIGGERS ( SCHED_NAME VARCHAR(120) NOT NULL, TRIGGER_NAME VARCHAR(200) NOT NULL, TRIGGER_GROUP VARCHAR(200) NOT NULL, JOB_NAME VARCHAR(200) NOT NULL, JOB_GROUP VARCHAR(200) NOT NULL, DESCRIPTION VARCHAR(250) NULL, NEXT_FIRE_TIME BIGINT(13) NULL, PREV_FIRE_TIME BIGINT(13) NULL, PRIORITY INTEGER NULL, TRIGGER_STATE VARCHAR(16) NOT NULL, TRIGGER_TYPE VARCHAR(8) NOT NULL, START_TIME BIGINT(13) NOT NULL, END_TIME BIGINT(13) NULL, CALENDAR_NAME VARCHAR(200) NULL, MISFIRE_INSTR SMALLINT(2) NULL, JOB_DATA BLOB NULL, PRIMARY KEY (SCHED_NAME,TRIGGER_NAME,TRIGGER_GROUP), FOREIGN KEY (SCHED_NAME,JOB_NAME,JOB_GROUP) REFERENCES QRTZ_JOB_DETAILS(SCHED_NAME,JOB_NAME,JOB_GROUP) ); CREATE TABLE QRTZ_SIMPLE_TRIGGERS ( SCHED_NAME VARCHAR(120) NOT NULL, TRIGGER_NAME VARCHAR(200) NOT NULL, TRIGGER_GROUP VARCHAR(200) NOT NULL, REPEAT_COUNT BIGINT(7) NOT NULL, REPEAT_INTERVAL BIGINT(12) NOT NULL, TIMES_TRIGGERED BIGINT(10) NOT NULL, PRIMARY KEY (SCHED_NAME,TRIGGER_NAME,TRIGGER_GROUP), FOREIGN KEY (SCHED_NAME,TRIGGER_NAME,TRIGGER_GROUP) REFERENCES QRTZ_TRIGGERS(SCHED_NAME,TRIGGER_NAME,TRIGGER_GROUP) ); CREATE TABLE QRTZ_CRON_TRIGGERS ( SCHED_NAME VARCHAR(120) NOT NULL, TRIGGER_NAME VARCHAR(200) NOT NULL, TRIGGER_GROUP VARCHAR(200) NOT NULL, CRON_EXPRESSION VARCHAR(200) NOT NULL, TIME_ZONE_ID VARCHAR(80), PRIMARY KEY (SCHED_NAME,TRIGGER_NAME,TRIGGER_GROUP), FOREIGN KEY (SCHED_NAME,TRIGGER_NAME,TRIGGER_GROUP) REFERENCES QRTZ_TRIGGERS(SCHED_NAME,TRIGGER_NAME,TRIGGER_GROUP) ); CREATE TABLE QRTZ_SIMPROP_TRIGGERS ( SCHED_NAME VARCHAR(120) NOT NULL, TRIGGER_NAME VARCHAR(200) NOT NULL, TRIGGER_GROUP VARCHAR(200) NOT NULL, STR_PROP_1 VARCHAR(512) NULL, STR_PROP_2 VARCHAR(512) NULL, STR_PROP_3 VARCHAR(512) NULL, INT_PROP_1 INT NULL, INT_PROP_2 INT NULL, LONG_PROP_1 BIGINT NULL, LONG_PROP_2 BIGINT NULL, DEC_PROP_1 NUMERIC(13,4) NULL, DEC_PROP_2 NUMERIC(13,4) NULL, BOOL_PROP_1 VARCHAR(1) NULL, BOOL_PROP_2 VARCHAR(1) NULL, PRIMARY KEY (SCHED_NAME,TRIGGER_NAME,TRIGGER_GROUP), FOREIGN KEY (SCHED_NAME,TRIGGER_NAME,TRIGGER_GROUP) REFERENCES QRTZ_TRIGGERS(SCHED_NAME,TRIGGER_NAME,TRIGGER_GROUP) ); CREATE TABLE QRTZ_BLOB_TRIGGERS ( SCHED_NAME VARCHAR(120) NOT NULL, TRIGGER_NAME VARCHAR(200) NOT NULL, TRIGGER_GROUP VARCHAR(200) NOT NULL, BLOB_DATA BLOB NULL, PRIMARY KEY (SCHED_NAME,TRIGGER_NAME,TRIGGER_GROUP), FOREIGN KEY (SCHED_NAME,TRIGGER_NAME,TRIGGER_GROUP) REFERENCES QRTZ_TRIGGERS(SCHED_NAME,TRIGGER_NAME,TRIGGER_GROUP) ); CREATE TABLE QRTZ_CALENDARS ( SCHED_NAME VARCHAR(120) NOT NULL, CALENDAR_NAME VARCHAR(200) NOT NULL, CALENDAR BLOB NOT NULL, PRIMARY KEY (SCHED_NAME,CALENDAR_NAME) ); CREATE TABLE QRTZ_PAUSED_TRIGGER_GRPS ( SCHED_NAME VARCHAR(120) NOT NULL, TRIGGER_GROUP VARCHAR(200) NOT NULL, PRIMARY KEY (SCHED_NAME,TRIGGER_GROUP) ); CREATE TABLE QRTZ_FIRED_TRIGGERS ( SCHED_NAME VARCHAR(120) NOT NULL, ENTRY_ID VARCHAR(95) NOT NULL, TRIGGER_NAME VARCHAR(200) NOT NULL, TRIGGER_GROUP VARCHAR(200) NOT NULL, INSTANCE_NAME VARCHAR(200) NOT NULL, FIRED_TIME BIGINT(13) NOT NULL, SCHED_TIME BIGINT(13) NOT NULL, PRIORITY INTEGER NOT NULL, STATE VARCHAR(16) NOT NULL, JOB_NAME VARCHAR(200) NULL, JOB_GROUP VARCHAR(200) NULL, IS_NONCONCURRENT VARCHAR(1) NULL, REQUESTS_RECOVERY VARCHAR(1) NULL, PRIMARY KEY (SCHED_NAME,ENTRY_ID) ); CREATE TABLE QRTZ_SCHEDULER_STATE ( SCHED_NAME VARCHAR(120) NOT NULL, INSTANCE_NAME VARCHAR(200) NOT NULL, LAST_CHECKIN_TIME BIGINT(13) NOT NULL, CHECKIN_INTERVAL BIGINT(13) NOT NULL, PRIMARY KEY (SCHED_NAME,INSTANCE_NAME) ); CREATE TABLE QRTZ_LOCKS ( SCHED_NAME VARCHAR(120) NOT NULL, LOCK_NAME VARCHAR(40) NOT NULL, PRIMARY KEY (SCHED_NAME,LOCK_NAME) ); commit;
2.导入mysql数据库的jdbc驱动包，mysql-connector-java-5.1.40-bin.jar
3.配置Quartz配置文件quartz.properities
org.quartz.scheduler.instanceName = MyScheduler org.quartz.threadPool.threadCount = 3 org.quartz.jobStore.class = org.quartz.impl.jdbcjobstore.JobStoreTX org.quartz.jobStore.driverDelegateClass = org.quartz.impl.jdbcjobstore.StdJDBCDelegate org.quartz.jobStore.tablePrefix = QRTZ_ org.quartz.jobStore.dataSource = myDS org.quartz.dataSource.myDS.driver = com.mysql.jdbc.Driver org.quartz.dataSource.myDS.URL = jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/quartz?characterEncoding=utf-8 org.quartz.dataSource.myDS.user = root org.quartz.dataSource.myDS.password = 123456 org.quartz.dataSource.myDS.maxConnections = 5
4.任务调度的持久性
其实介绍这部分主要是为了后面的Quartz集群做铺垫。为了验证任务调度的可持久性，我们从这两方面验证，当我们程序停止运行的时候，查看数据库能查看到任务调度的数据；当重新启动同一调度器的时候，原来的任务能继续执行。SingleQuartzKeepAlive.java如下，其实和上面的SingleQuartzServer基本一样，只是加载了Quartz配置文件。
package com.example.singleQuartz; import org.quartz.*; import org.quartz.impl.StdSchedulerFactory; import java.util.Date; import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit; /** * Created by XuHui on 2016/12/22. */ public class SingleQuartzKeepAlive { public static void main(String[] args) throws SchedulerException { /* 获取Scheduler实例 */ StdSchedulerFactory factory = new StdSchedulerFactory(); factory.initialize("quartz.properities"); Scheduler scheduler = factory.getScheduler(); /* 启动调度器 */ scheduler.start(); JobDetail jobDetail = JobBuilder.newJob(SingleQuartzJob.class) .withIdentity("job", Scheduler.DEFAULT_GROUP) .build(); Date startTime = DateBuilder.nextGivenSecondDate(null, 30); SimpleTrigger simpleTrigger = (SimpleTrigger) TriggerBuilder.newTrigger() .withIdentity("trigger", Scheduler.DEFAULT_GROUP) .startAt(startTime) .withSchedule(SimpleScheduleBuilder.simpleSchedule() .withIntervalInSeconds(10) .withRepeatCount(10)) .forJob(jobDetail) .build(); /* 交由调度器调度Job */ scheduler.scheduleJob(jobDetail, simpleTrigger); /* 3分钟任务调度之后关闭调度器 */ try{ TimeUnit.MINUTES.sleep(3); } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); } finally { scheduler.shutdown(); } } }
我们run->main发现报错了，报错如下。这个因为我们缺少了c3p0-0.9.1.2.jar，下载地址为http://www.mchange.com/projects/c3p0/index.html。将这个包加入lib中即可。
Exception in thread "main" java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: com/mchange/v2/c3p0/ComboPooledDataSource at org.quartz.utils.PoolingConnectionProvider.initialize(PoolingConnectionProvider.java:210) at org.quartz.utils.PoolingConnectionProvider.<init>(PoolingConnectionProvider.java:155) at org.quartz.impl.StdSchedulerFactory.instantiate(StdSchedulerFactory.java:1014) at org.quartz.impl.StdSchedulerFactory.getScheduler(StdSchedulerFactory.java:1519) at com.example.singleQuartz.SingleQuartzKeepAlive.main(SingleQuartzKeepAlive.java:17) at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method) at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(Unknown Source) at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(Unknown Source) at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Unknown Source) at com.intellij.rt.execution.application.AppMain.main(AppMain.java:144) Caused by: java.lang.ClassNotFoundException: com.mchange.v2.c3p0.ComboPooledDataSource at java.net.URLClassLoader.findClass(Unknown Source) at java.lang.ClassLoader.loadClass(Unknown Source) at sun.misc.Launcher$AppClassLoader.loadClass(Unknown Source) at java.lang.ClassLoader.loadClass(Unknown Source) ... 10 more Process finished with exit code 1
运行结果正常，我们在数据库可以看到job和trigger表都有了任务调度记录数据。此时我们不妨只启动原来的调度器，看看是否任务调度还能正常进行。通过结果同学们就很清楚了，这次任务调度我们只执行了4次，因为在程序中断之前运行了7次。
package com.example.singleQuartz; import org.quartz.Scheduler; import org.quartz.SchedulerException; import org.quartz.impl.StdSchedulerFactory; import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit; /** * Created by XuHui on 2016/12/23. */ public class SingleQuartzOldScheduler { public static void main(String[] args) throws SchedulerException { StdSchedulerFactory factory = new StdSchedulerFactory(); factory.initialize("quartz.properities"); Scheduler scheduler = factory.getScheduler(); scheduler.start(); try{ TimeUnit.MINUTES.sleep(1); } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); } finally { scheduler.shutdown(); } } } =================结果==================== [main] INFO org.quartz.core.QuartzScheduler - Scheduler MyScheduler_$_NON_CLUSTERED started. Hello, Quartz! - executing its JOB at Fri Dec 23 09:20:16 CST 2016 by DEFAULT.job Hello, Quartz! - executing its JOB at Fri Dec 23 09:20:26 CST 2016 by DEFAULT.job Hello, Quartz! - executing its JOB at Fri Dec 23 09:20:36 CST 2016 by DEFAULT.job Hello, Quartz! - executing its JOB at Fri Dec 23 09:20:46 CST 2016 by DEFAULT.job [main] INFO org.quartz.core.QuartzScheduler - Scheduler MyScheduler_$_NON_CLUSTERED shutting down. [main] INFO org.quartz.core.QuartzScheduler - Scheduler MyScheduler_$_NON_CLUSTERED paused. [main] INFO org.quartz.core.QuartzScheduler - Scheduler MyScheduler_$_NON_CLUSTERED shutdown complete.
5.最终的工程目录结构
(三)Quartz集群
1.搭建web工程
看完第二部分之后，大部分同学已经明白了，Quartz集群是怎么回事了。其实就是把调度任务存到数据库中，集群的时候每台服务器调度任务都指向同一数据库，从同一数据库取调度任务，这就是Quartz集群了。为在本地验证quartz集群，我重新搭建一个工程，里面撘两个web模块，目录结构如下。clusterweb_two和clusterweb_one文件和配置一模一样。
2.配置Quartz集群文件quartz.properities
多台服务器上的这个配置文件除了instanceId不同，这里可以设置成AUTO根据机器自动生成，其他基本都相同，必须限定的是数据库信息必须相同。
org.quartz.scheduler.instanceName = ClusterScheduler org.quartz.threadPool.threadCount = 3 org.quartz.jobStore.class = org.quartz.impl.jdbcjobstore.JobStoreTX org.quartz.jobStore.driverDelegateClass = org.quartz.impl.jdbcjobstore.StdJDBCDelegate org.quartz.jobStore.tablePrefix = QRTZ_ org.quartz.jobStore.dataSource = myDS # Cluster org.quartz.jobStore.isClustered = true org.quartz.scheduler.instanceId = AUTO org.quartz.dataSource.myDS.driver = com.mysql.jdbc.Driver org.quartz.dataSource.myDS.URL = jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/quartz?characterEncoding=utf-8 org.quartz.dataSource.myDS.user = root org.quartz.dataSource.myDS.password = 123456 org.quartz.dataSource.myDS.maxConnections = 5
3.配置web监听器
我们把调度器放到web监听器中运行，当web启动时会运行这个监听器，同时会启动调度器，监听器QuartzApplicationListener.java如下所示。
package com.example.web; import org.quartz.*; import org.quartz.impl.StdSchedulerFactory; import javax.servlet.ServletContextEvent; import javax.servlet.ServletContextListener; import java.util.Date; import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit; /** * Created by XuHui on 2016/12/23. */ public class QuartzApplicationListener implements ServletContextListener { private Scheduler scheduler = null; @Override public void contextInitialized(ServletContextEvent servletContextEvent) { StdSchedulerFactory factory = new StdSchedulerFactory(); try { factory.initialize("quartz.properities"); scheduler = factory.getScheduler(); /* 启动调度器 */ scheduler.start(); } catch (SchedulerException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } JobDetail jobDetail = JobBuilder.newJob(HelloJob.class) .withIdentity("job", Scheduler.DEFAULT_GROUP) .build(); Date startTime = DateBuilder.nextGivenSecondDate(null, 30); SimpleTrigger simpleTrigger = TriggerBuilder.newTrigger() .withIdentity("trigger", Scheduler.DEFAULT_GROUP) .startAt(startTime) .withSchedule(SimpleScheduleBuilder.simpleSchedule() .withIntervalInSeconds(10) .withRepeatCount(10)) .forJob(jobDetail) .build(); try{ /* 交由调度器调度Job */ scheduler.scheduleJob(jobDetail, simpleTrigger); } catch (SchedulerException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } /* 3分钟任务调度之后关闭调度器 */ try{ TimeUnit.MINUTES.sleep(3); }catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } @Override public void contextDestroyed(ServletContextEvent servletContextEvent) { try{ scheduler.shutdown(); } catch (SchedulerException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } }
4.web配置文件web.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <web-app xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_3_1.xsd" version="3.1"> <listener> <listener-class> com.example.web.QuartzApplicationListener </listener-class> </listener> </web-app>
5.运行两个tomcat模拟集群
在idea中配置两个tomcat，并且让两个tomcat同时运行有点小麻烦，主要注意一点每个tomcat配置的Http Port 和 JMX Port要不同。
tomcat1 : Http Port : 8081 JMX Port : 1099
tomcat2 : Http Port : 8082 JMX Port : 1100
tomcat1和tomcat2运行成功之后，此时两个服务都已启动，此时只有tomcat1开始任务调度，tomcat2未进行任务调度。首先把tomcat1服务停掉，此时会出现tomcat2任务调度开始，这里跟做服务高可靠性很像。运行结果：
==============tomcat1===================== Hello, Quartz! - executing its JOB at Fri Dec 23 11:27:00 CST 2016 by DEFAULT.job on webone Hello, Quartz! - executing its JOB at Fri Dec 23 11:27:10 CST 2016 by DEFAULT.job on webone Hello, Quartz! - executing its JOB at Fri Dec 23 11:27:20 CST 2016 by DEFAULT.job on webone Hello, Quartz! - executing its JOB at Fri Dec 23 11:27:30 CST 2016 by DEFAULT.job on webone D:\work\tomcat\apache-tomcat-8.0.23-windows-x64\apache-tomcat-8.0.23\bin\catalina.bat stop Disconnected from server ==============tomcat2===================== Hello, Quartz! - executing its JOB at Fri Dec 23 11:27:56 CST 2016 by DEFAULT.job on webtwo Hello, Quartz! - executing its JOB at Fri Dec 23 11:27:56 CST 2016 by DEFAULT.job on webtwo Hello, Quartz! - executing its JOB at Fri Dec 23 11:28:00 CST 2016 by DEFAULT.job on webtwo Hello, Quartz! - executing its JOB at Fri Dec 23 11:28:10 CST 2016 by DEFAULT.job on webtwo Hello, Quartz! - executing its JOB at Fri Dec 23 11:28:20 CST 2016 by DEFAULT.job on webtwo Hello, Quartz! - executing its JOB at Fri Dec 23 11:28:30 CST 2016 by DEFAULT.job on webtwo Hello, Quartz! - executing its JOB at Fri Dec 23 11:28:40 CST 2016 by DEFAULT.job on webtwo [2016-12-23 11:29:48,369] Artifact clusterweb_two:war exploded: Artifact is deployed successfully
写在最后：Quartz基础部分总结起来可能不多，实际应用主要是Job中execute方法的实现。看完上面的介绍之后我们发现，Quartz使用起来非常方便，Quartz提供了很多日期和日历类。写过定时备份、定时查询统计方法的同学，知道这里写起来很麻烦。Quqatz大大缩减了程序的代码量。之前和一位同事讨论了什么时候用Quartz，很多时候我们都会自己写任务调度。一般都是这样实现的：我们会启线程相当于定时器，定时去查询符合条件的Job，如果查询到多Job同时调度，我们会启一个线程池多线程并发运行。这样看上去Quartz都具备了，使用Quartz之后代码非常简洁、可复用性高并且任务调度的可持久性，只需要配置Quartz配置文件就可以将调度任务存到数据库中，正是因为这点所以Quartz可以集群，对于任务数很多的集群环境下，这就是无与伦比的优点了。如果在搭建环境或者发现文章中有不对或不足的地方，可以在下方留言，大家共同学习。
