yum命令的使用
yum源的配置,请参考此文:RedHatLinux 本地yum源的配置。本文讲解如何使用yum命令。
[root@serv01 ~]# yum --help Loaded plugins: product-id, subscription-manager Updating Red Hat repositories. Usage: yum [options] COMMAND List of Commands: check Check for problems in the rpmdb check-update Check for available package updates clean Remove cached data deplist List a package's dependencies distribution-synchronization Synchronize installed packages to the latest available versions downgrade downgrade a package erase Remove a package or packages from your system groupinfo Display details about a package group groupinstall Install the packages in a group on your system grouplist List available package groups groupremove Remove the packages in a group from your system help Display a helpful usage message history Display, or use, the transaction history info Display details about a package or group of packages install Install a package or packages on your system list List a package or groups of packages load-transaction load a saved transaction from filename makecache Generate the metadata cache provides Find what package provides the given value reinstall reinstall a package repolist Display the configured software repositories resolvedep Determine which package provides the given dependency search Search package details for the given string shell Run an interactive yum shell update Update a package or packages on your system upgrade Update packages taking obsoletes into account version Display a version for the machine and/or available repos. Options: -h, --help show this help message and exit -t, --tolerant be tolerant of errors -C, --cacheonly run entirely from system cache, don't update cache -c [config file], --config=[config file] config file location -R [minutes], --randomwait=[minutes] maximum command wait time -d [debug level], --debuglevel=[debug level] debugging output level --showduplicates show duplicates, in repos, in list/search commands -e [error level], --errorlevel=[error level] error output level --rpmverbosity=[debug level name] debugging output level for rpm -q, --quiet quiet operation -v, --verbose verbose operation -y, --assumeyes answer yes for all questions --version show Yum version and exit --installroot=[path] set install root --enablerepo=[repo] enable one or more repositories (wildcards allowed) --disablerepo=[repo] disable one or more repositories (wildcards allowed) -x [package], --exclude=[package] exclude package(s) by name or glob --disableexcludes=[repo] disable exclude from main, for a repo or for everything --obsoletes enable obsoletes processing during updates --noplugins disable Yum plugins --nogpgcheck disable gpg signature checking --disableplugin=[plugin] disable plugins by name --enableplugin=[plugin] enable plugins by name --skip-broken skip packages with depsolving problems --color=COLOR control whether color is used --releasever=RELEASEVER set value of $releasever in yum config and repo files --setopt=SETOPTS set arbitrary config and repo options Plugin Options: #不建议使用这种方式卸载 [root@serv01 ~]# yum remove nagios-common #yum安装的包,可以使用rpm命令查询到 [root@serv01 ~]# rpm -qa | grep httpd httpd-tools-2.2.15-9.el6.x86_64 httpd-2.2.15-9.el6.x86_64 [root@serv01 ~]# ls /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf #我们删除一个文件,再次安装 [root@serv01 ~]# rm -rf /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf [root@serv01 ~]# ls /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf ls: cannot access /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf: No such file or directory #安装不成功 [root@serv01 ~]# yum install httpd -y Loaded plugins: product-id, subscription-manager Updating Red Hat repositories. Setting up Install Process Package httpd-2.2.15-9.el6.x86_64 already installed and latest version Nothing to do #使用reinstall重装 [root@serv01 ~]# yum reinstall httpd -y Installed: httpd.x86_64 0:2.2.15-9.el6 Complete! #查询所有 [root@serv01 ~]# yum list #可以安装的略 #查询httpd,有@表示已经安装 [root@serv01 ~]# yum list|grep httpd httpd.x86_64 2.2.15-9.el6 @rhel-iso httpd-tools.x86_64 2.2.15-9.el6 @rhel-iso httpd-devel.i686 2.2.15-9.el6 rhel-iso httpd-devel.x86_64 2.2.15-9.el6 rhel-iso httpd-manual.noarch 2.2.15-9.el6 rhel-iso #验证 [root@serv01 ~]# rpm -qa|grep httpd httpd-tools-2.2.15-9.el6.x86_64 httpd-2.2.15-9.el6.x86_64 #软件组 [root@serv01 ~]# yum grouplist [root@serv01 ~]# yum grouplist | grep Devel Additional Development Desktop Platform Development Development tools Server Platform Development #安装软件组,注意需要有双引号 [root@serv01 ~]# yum groupinstall "Server Platform" -y #强烈不建议这样移除,这样很危险,可以看到最后把内核都移除了。 [root@serv01 ~]# yum groupremove "Server Platform" -y [root@serv01 ~]# yum groupremove "Server Platform" --skip-broken --nogpgcheck #这样可以正确的使用groupinstall安装和使用groupremove移除,因为该软件组依赖不多 [root@serv01 ~]# yum groupinstall "Emacs" -y Installed: emacs.x86_64 1:23.1-21.el6 Complete! [root@serv01 ~]# yum groupremove "Emacs" -y Removed: emacs.x86_64 1:23.1-21.el6 Complete!
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