Nacos系列:Nacos的Java SDK使用

Maven依赖

Nacos提供完整的Java SDK,便于配置管理和服务发现及管理,以 Nacos-0.8.0 版本为例

添加Maven依赖:

<dependency>
    <groupId>com.alibaba.nacos</groupId>
    <artifactId>nacos-client</artifactId>
    <version>0.8.0</version>
</dependency>

仅仅引入nacos-client是不够的,否则启动时会出现如下错误:

sun.misc.Launcher$AppClassLoader@18b4aac2 JM.Log:WARN Init JM logger with NopLoggerFactory, pay attention. sun.misc.Launcher$AppClassLoader@18b4aac2
java.lang.ClassNotFoundException: org.apache.logging.log4j.core.Logger
	at java.net.URLClassLoader.findClass(URLClassLoader.java:381)
	at java.lang.ClassLoader.loadClass(ClassLoader.java:424)
	at sun.misc.Launcher$AppClassLoader.loadClass(Launcher.java:335)
	at java.lang.ClassLoader.loadClass(ClassLoader.java:357)
	at java.lang.Class.forName0(Native Method)
	at java.lang.Class.forName(Class.java:264)
	at com.alibaba.nacos.client.logger.log4j2.Log4j2LoggerFactory.<init>(Log4j2LoggerFactory.java:33)
	at com.alibaba.nacos.client.logger.LoggerFactory.<clinit>(LoggerFactory.java:59)
	at com.alibaba.nacos.client.config.utils.LogUtils.<clinit>(LogUtils.java:49)
	at com.alibaba.nacos.client.config.NacosConfigService.<clinit>(NacosConfigService.java:55)
	at java.lang.Class.forName0(Native Method)
	at java.lang.Class.forName(Class.java:264)
	at com.alibaba.nacos.api.config.ConfigFactory.createConfigService(ConfigFactory.java:40)
	at com.alibaba.nacos.api.config.ConfigFactory.createConfigService(ConfigFactory.java:59)
	at com.alibaba.nacos.api.NacosFactory.createConfigService(NacosFactory.java:52)
	at com.learn.nacos.config.NacosConfig.main(NacosConfig.java:12)

根据错误提示,应该还需要添加log4j相关依赖,官网的文档并没有对此说明,我在pom.xml添加了下面这些依赖才不报错

<dependency>
    <groupId>ch.qos.logback</groupId>
    <artifactId>logback-classic</artifactId>
    <version>1.1.11</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
    <groupId>org.logback-extensions</groupId>
    <artifactId>logback-ext-spring</artifactId>
    <version>0.1.4</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
    <groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
    <artifactId>jcl-over-slf4j</artifactId>
    <version>1.7.25</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
    <groupId>log4j</groupId>
    <artifactId>log4j</artifactId>
    <version>1.2.17</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
    <groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
    <artifactId>slf4j-api</artifactId>
    <version>1.7.25</version>
</dependency>

配置管理

创建ConfigService,可以通过 NacosFactory.createConfigService()ConfigFactory.createConfigService() 来创建,后者是前者的底层实现方式,这两种方式都包含如下两个方法:

createConfigService(serverAddr)
createConfigService(properties)

创建示例:

// 方式一
String serverAddr = "127.0.0.1:8848";
ConfigService configService = ConfigFactory.createConfigService(serverAddr);

// 方式二
ConfigService configService = ConfigFactory.createConfigService(properties)
Properties properties = new Properties();
properties.put("serverAddr", serverAddr);

查看ConfigService源码,它提供了如下方法:

获取 Nacos Server 当前状态String getServerStatus()

底层源码:

public String getServerStatus() {
    if (worker.isHealthServer()) {
        return "UP";
    } else {
        return "DOWN";
    }
}

根据源码注释,该状态应该是指 Nacos Server 的状态,我把 Nacos Server 关闭之后,再次运行示例,得到的结果仍然是UP,不知道这是不是一个BUG。

发布配置boolean publishConfig(String dataId, String group, String content) throws NacosException

支持程序自动发布Nacos配置,创建和修改配置使用同一个方法,配置不存在则创建;配置已存在则更新。

底层源码:

try {
    result = agent.httpPost(url, headers, params, encode, POST_TIMEOUT);
} catch (IOException ioe) {
    log.warn("NACOS-0006",
        LoggerHelper.getErrorCodeStr("NACOS", "NACOS-0006", "环境问题", "[publish-single] exception"));
    log.warn(agent.getName(), "[publish-single] exception, dataId={}, group={}, msg={}", dataId, group,
        ioe.toString());
    return false;
}

发布配置后,如果马上用getConfig()读取配置,有时候会读不到,设置了足够的等待时长后才可保证每次正常读取,看了源码才知道Nacos的配置管理(发布、读取、移除)都是通过HTTP接口完成的,但发布配置的时延是多少,官网似乎没有说明?几秒钟的时延在一些对实时性要求很高的场景会不会存在影响呢?

读取配置String getConfig(String dataId, String group, long timeoutMs) throws NacosException

timeoutMs指读取配置超时时间,官网推荐设置为3000ms

底层源码:

// 优先使用本地配置
String content = LocalConfigInfoProcessor.getFailover(agent.getName(), dataId, group, tenant);
if (content != null) {
    log.warn(agent.getName(), "[get-config] get failover ok, dataId={}, group={}, tenant={}, config={}", dataId,
        group, tenant, ContentUtils.truncateContent(content));
    cr.setContent(content);
    configFilterChainManager.doFilter(null, cr);
    content = cr.getContent();
    return content;
}

try {
    content = worker.getServerConfig(dataId, group, tenant, timeoutMs);

    cr.setContent(content);
    configFilterChainManager.doFilter(null, cr);
    content = cr.getContent();

    return content;
} catch (NacosException ioe) {
    if (NacosException.NO_RIGHT == ioe.getErrCode()) {
        throw ioe;
    }
    log.warn("NACOS-0003",
        LoggerHelper.getErrorCodeStr("NACOS", "NACOS-0003", "环境问题", "get from server error"));
    log.warn(agent.getName(), "[get-config] get from server error, dataId={}, group={}, tenant={}, msg={}",
        dataId, group, tenant, ioe.toString());
}

从源码上看,配置会先从本地缓存文件读取,如果没读取到,才会去请求Nacos Server的配置,这个缓存文件在哪呢?就在当前用户的nacos目录下
生成的缓存文件:nacos/config/fixed-127.0.0.1_8848_nacos/snapshot/DEFAULT_GROUP/nacos-sdk-java-config,配置内容和发布到Nacos Server的配置内容是一致的。

移除配置boolean removeConfig(String dataId, String group) throws NacosException

支持程序自动发布Nacos配置,配置不存在时会直接返回成功,移除配置后,本地的缓存文件也会被删除

底层源码:

try {
    result = agent.httpDelete(url, null, params, encode, POST_TIMEOUT);
} catch (IOException ioe) {
    log.warn("[remove] error, " + dataId + ", " + group + ", " + tenant + ", msg: " + ioe.toString());
    return false;
}

移除配置同发布配置一样,如果移除后马上查询,有可能还能将刚移除的配置查出来,也存在一定的时延,需要设置等待时间读取。

添加配置监听void addListener(String dataId, String group, Listener listener) throws NacosException

支持动态监听配置的变化,运行示例源码,在Nacos控制台把配置内容修改为sdk-java-config:change from nacos console,此时观看IDE控制台,你会看到如下打印信息:

当前线程:com.alibaba.nacos.client.Worker.longPollingfixed-127.0.0.1_8848 ,监听到配置内容变化:sdk-java-config:change from nacos console

移除配置监听void removeListener(String dataId, String group, Listener listener)

移除监听后,配置的变化不会再监听

启动完整示例,运行结果如下,请注意配置监听线程和配置管理线程不是同一个线程

当前线程:main ,服务状态:UP
添加监听
添加监听成功
发布配置
发布配置成功
当前线程:com.alibaba.nacos.client.Worker.longPollingfixed-127.0.0.1_8848 ,监听到配置内容变化:nacos-sdk-java-config:init
当前线程:main ,发布配置后获取配置内容:nacos-sdk-java-config:init
重新发布配置
重新发布配置成功
当前线程:main ,重新发布配置后获取配置内容:sdk-java-config:update
当前线程:com.alibaba.nacos.client.Worker.longPollingfixed-127.0.0.1_8848 ,监听到配置内容变化:sdk-java-config:update
当前线程:com.alibaba.nacos.client.Worker.longPollingfixed-127.0.0.1_8848 ,监听到配置内容变化:sdk-java-config:change from nacos console
移除配置
移除配置成功
当前线程:main ,移除配置后获取配置内容:null
取消监听
取消监听成功

服务管理

创建NamingService,可以通过 NacosFactory.createNamingService()NamingFactory.createNamingService() 来创建,后者是前者的底层实现方式,这两种方式都包含如下两个方法:

createNamingService(serverAddr)
createNamingService(properties)

创建示例:

// 方式一
String serverAddr = "127.0.0.1:8848";
NamingService namingService = NamingFactory.createNamingService(serverAddr);

// 方式二
NamingService namingService = NamingFactory.createNamingService(properties)
Properties properties = new Properties();
properties.put("serverAddr", serverAddr);

查看NamingService类源码,它提供了如下方法:

获取 Nacos Server 当前状态String getServerStatus()

注册服务实例void registerInstance(多个参数)

方式一:
String serverIp = "127.0.0.1";
int serverPort = 8848;
String serverAddr = serverIp + ":" + serverPort;
String serviceName = "nacos-sdk-java-discovery";
NamingService namingService = NamingFactory.createNamingService(serverAddr);
namingService.registerInstance(serviceName, serverIp, serverPort);

方式二:
Instance instance = new Instance();
instance.setIp(serverIp);//IP
instance.setPort(serverPort);//端口
instance.setServiceName(serviceName);//服务名
instance.setEnabled(true);//true: 上线 false: 下线
instance.setHealthy(healthy);//健康状态
instance.setWeight(1.0);//权重
instance.addMetadata("nacos-sdk-java-discovery", "true");//元数据
NamingService namingService = NamingFactory.createNamingService(serverAddr);
namingService.registerInstance(serviceName, instance);

注册后,本地会生成缓存文件
1、在Nacos安装目录data目录下:data/naming/data/public/com.alibaba.nacos.naming.domains.meta.public##nacos-sdk-java-discovery
2、当前用户的nacos目录下:/nacos/naming/public/failover/nacos-sdk-java-discovery
3、当前用户的nacos目录下:/nacos/naming/public/nacos-sdk-java-discovery

即使删除服务实例,上面三个缓存文件也不会被删除,Nacos控制台服务列表中该服务也还存在着(但服务实例数会变成0);删除Nacos控制台的该服务,安全目录data目录下的缓存文件会被删除,但当前用户的nacos目录下的文件不会被删除,这里面是什么机制,我暂时还没整明白,等后面整明白了再来补充。

删除服务实例void deregisterInstance(多个参数)

获取所有服务实例List<Instance> getAllInstances(多个参数)

获取所有健康或不健康的服务实例List<Instance> selectInstances(多个参数)

随机获取一个健康实例(根据负载均衡算法)Instance selectOneHealthyInstance(多个参数)

添加服务实例监听void subscribe(多个参数)

添加服务实例监听void unsubscribe(多个参数)

分页获取所有服务实例ListView<String> getServicesOfServer(多个参数)

获取所有监听的服务实例List<ServiceInfo> getSubscribeServices()

启动完整示例,运行结果如下,请注意服务实例监听线程和服务实例管理线程不是同一个线程

当前线程:main ,服务状态:UP
注册实例
注册实例成功
添加监听
添加监听成功
当前线程:main ,注册实例后获取所有实例:[{"clusterName":"DEFAULT","enabled":true,"instanceId":"127.0.0.1#8848#DEFAULT#nacos-sdk-java-discovery","ip":"127.0.0.1","metadata":{},"port":8848,"serviceName":"nacos-sdk-java-discovery","valid":true,"weight":1.0}]
当前线程:main ,注册实例后获取所有健康实例:[{"clusterName":"DEFAULT","enabled":true,"instanceId":"127.0.0.1#8848#DEFAULT#nacos-sdk-java-discovery","ip":"127.0.0.1","metadata":{},"port":8848,"serviceName":"nacos-sdk-java-discovery","valid":true,"weight":1.0}]
当前线程:com.alibaba.nacos.naming.client.listener ,监听到实例名称:nacos-sdk-java-discovery
当前线程:com.alibaba.nacos.naming.client.listener ,监听到实例内容:[{"clusterName":"DEFAULT","enabled":true,"instanceId":"127.0.0.1#8848#DEFAULT#nacos-sdk-java-discovery","ip":"127.0.0.1","metadata":{},"port":8848,"serviceName":"nacos-sdk-java-discovery","valid":true,"weight":1.0}]
当前线程:main ,注册实例后获取一个健康实例:{"clusterName":"DEFAULT","enabled":true,"instanceId":"127.0.0.1#8848#DEFAULT#nacos-sdk-java-discovery","ip":"127.0.0.1","metadata":{},"port":8848,"serviceName":"nacos-sdk-java-discovery","valid":true,"weight":1.0}
当前线程:com.alibaba.nacos.naming.client.listener ,监听到实例名称:nacos-sdk-java-discovery
当前线程:com.alibaba.nacos.naming.client.listener ,监听到实例内容:[{"clusterName":"DEFAULT","enabled":true,"instanceId":"127.0.0.1#8848#DEFAULT#nacos-sdk-java-discovery","ip":"127.0.0.1","metadata":{"change":"true;"},"port":8848,"serviceName":"nacos-sdk-java-discovery","valid":true,"weight":2.0}]
取消监听
取消监听成功
删除实例
删除实例成功
Exception in thread "main" java.lang.IllegalStateException: no host to srv for serviceInfo: nacos-sdk-java-discovery
	at com.alibaba.nacos.client.naming.core.Balancer$RandomByWeight.selectAll(Balancer.java:45)
	at com.alibaba.nacos.client.naming.core.Balancer$RandomByWeight.selectHost(Balancer.java:53)
	at com.alibaba.nacos.client.naming.NacosNamingService.selectOneHealthyInstance(NacosNamingService.java:270)
	at com.alibaba.nacos.client.naming.NacosNamingService.selectOneHealthyInstance(NacosNamingService.java:263)
	at com.alibaba.nacos.client.naming.NacosNamingService.selectOneHealthyInstance(NacosNamingService.java:253)
	at com.learn.nacos.discovery.NacosDiscovery.main(NacosDiscovery.java:121)
当前线程:main ,删除实例后获取所有实例:[]
当前线程:main ,删除实例后获取所有健康实例:[]

以上就是 Nacos Java SDK 配置管理和服务管理功能的介绍,请参考示例源码学习。

示例源码

项目:learn-nacos-sdk-java

代码已上传至码云Github上,欢迎下载学习

参考资料

推荐阅读

posted on 2019-02-24 16:01  知行旅人  阅读(8113)  评论(0编辑  收藏  举报