【AI学习笔记1】人类的神经系统 The nervous system of human

人类的神经系统 The nervous system of human

 

一、人体神经系统（The human nervous system）：

人体组成：呼吸系统、骨骼系统、肌肉系统、消化系统、心血管系统、神经系统。【1】

Composition of the human body: respiratory system, skeletal system, muscular system, digestive system, cardiovascular system,nervous system. 【1】

 

人的神经系统分为中枢神经系统与周围神经系统。【2】

The human nervous system can be divided into the central nervous system and the peripheral nervous system.【2】

 

神经系统对外界变化的反应例子如下：体温发生变化时，神经系统通过调节汗腺等器官来保持体温恒定。【3】

An example of the nervous system responding to stimuli. When the body temperature changes. The nervous system utilizes the sweat glands to keep a constant body temperature.【3】

 

大脑通过脊椎传递神经信号从而控制腿部肌肉动作。【4】

The brain uses the spinal cord to send signals, controlling the muscles on the leg.【4】

 

二、人与动物的大脑对比（Comparison of human and animal brains）:

章鱼有九个脑，总共包含了约5.5亿个神经元，其中3.5亿个在八条触手中，1.6亿个位于巨大的视皮质内，0.42亿个位于头部。如图：【5】

The octopus has nine brains and contains a total of about 550 million neurons, of which 350 million are in the eight tentacles, 160 million are located within the giant optic cortex, and 42 million are located in the head, As shown below：【5】

 

人类的思考发生在头部，人类独有的理性思考能力来源与大脑的前额叶，一般被称为理智脑，如图【6】（Logically divided）

Human thinking takes place in the head, and the source of human’s unique ability to think rationally is from the prefrontal lobe of the brain, which is generally called the rational brain, as shown in the figure below:【6】

 

非洲象大脑重量是人类的两倍，但是却不如人类聪明，原因是人脑神经元是非洲象的3倍。【7】

The African bush elephant's brain weighs twice as much as a human's, but humans have three times as many neurons, so human is much smarter.

 

人脑大脑皮层神经元数量达160亿，小脑690亿，共计850亿；

The number of neurons in the cerebral cortex of the human brain reaches 16 billion, and in the cerebellum 69 billion, for a total of 85 billion;

对应突触数量约1000万亿，平均每个神经元约连接10000个其它神经元。

 The corresponding number of synapses is about 1,000 trillion, and each neuron is connected to about 10,000 other neurons on average.

突触数量对应AI大模型的参数量，预计GPT7参数量将接近人类大脑容量。

 The number of synapses corresponds to the parameter amount of a large AI model. It is expected that the parameter amount of GPT7 will be close to the human brain capacity.

GPT6: 170万亿

GPT5: 17万亿

GPT4: 1.8万亿

GPT3: 1750亿

GPT6: 170 trillion

GPT5: 17 trillion

GPT4: 1.8 trillion

GPT3: 175 billion

参考文献（References）：

 

【1】《人体有机体：分解您的身体结构》

https://askthescientists.com/zh-hans/human-organism/

 

【2】《神经系统是怎样传递信号控制行为的？》

https://www.sohu.com/a/514481557_121209576

 

【3】《内稳态(文章) | 身体结构和内稳态| 可汗学院》

https://zh.khanacademy.org/science/biology/principles-of-physiology/body-structure-and-homeostasis/a/homeostasis

 

【4】《瑜伽3D解剖（6）---动作的关键在于交互抑制原理》

https://kknews.cc/zh-sg/health/g8aj9ze.html

 

【5】《章鱼有9个大脑能编辑基因，智商高到无法理解，为何没发展出文明》

http://www.360doc.com/content/23/1001/20/47115229_1098642253.shtml

 

【6】《你需要知道三重大脑：爬行动物脑、情感脑、理智脑》

https://zhuanlan.zhihu.com/p/676588813

 

【7】 天才的演说家《蓝鲸大脑9公斤，大象大脑4公斤，为何不如人类1.2公斤的大脑》

https://www.sohu.com/a/486754670_121046083