MongoDB.Driver 2.4以上版本 在.NET中的基本操作

MongoDB.Driver是操作mongo数据库的驱动,最近2.0以下版本已经从GitHub和Nuget中移除了,也就是说.NET Framework4.0不再能从官方获取到MongoDB的驱动了,其次MongoDB.Driver2.0开始API变更巨大,本文不适用MongoDB.Driver2.0以下版本,亦不适用.NET Framework4.5以下版本

要在.NET中使用MongoDB,就必须引用MongoDB的驱动,使用Nuget安装MongoDB.Driver是最方便的,目前Nuget支持的MongoDB程序包有对.NET Framework4.5以上版本的依赖

安装完成之后会在引用中新增三个MongoDB的程序集引用,其中MongoDB.Driver.Core在2.0版本以下是没有的

先构建一个实体基类,因为Mongo要求每个文档都有唯一Id,默认为ObjectId类型(根据时间Mac地址Pid算出来的,类似GUID,适用于分布式),在这个基类中添加Id属性

using MongoDB.Bson;
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading.Tasks;

namespace MongoTest
{
    /// <summary>
    /// 自定义类型Id
    /// </summary>
    /// <typeparam name="T"></typeparam>
    public abstract class BaseEntity<T>
    {
        public T Id { get; set; }
    }
    /// <summary>
    /// Mongo默认填充ObjectId类型的Id
    /// </summary>
    public abstract class DefaultIdEntity : BaseEntity<ObjectId>
    {
    }
}
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开始构建数据库访问类DbContext

using MongoDB.Driver;
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading.Tasks;

namespace MongoTest
{
    public class DbContext
    {
        public readonly IMongoDatabase _db;
        public DbContext()
        {
            //此为开启验证模式 必需使用用户名 密码 及指定登陆的数据库 可采用,分割连接多个数据库
            var client = new MongoClient("mongodb://root:123456@192.168.20.54:27017/admin");
            //未开启验证模式数据库连接
            // var client = new MongoClient("mongodb://127.0.0.1:27017"); 
            //指定要操作的数据库
            _db = client.GetDatabase("mytest");
        }

        private static string InferCollectionNameFrom<T>()
        {
            var type = typeof(T);
            return type.Name;
        }

        public IMongoCollection<T> Collection<T, TId>() where T : BaseEntity<TId>
        {
            var collectionName = InferCollectionNameFrom<T>();
            return _db.GetCollection<T>(collectionName);
        }
        /// <summary>
        /// 实体类名和数据库中文档(关系型数据库中的表)名一致时使用
        /// </summary>
        public IMongoCollection<T> Collection<T>() where T : DefaultIdEntity
        {
            var collectionName = InferCollectionNameFrom<T>();
            return _db.GetCollection<T>(collectionName);
        }

        public IMongoCollection<T> Collection<T, TId>(string collectionName) where T : BaseEntity<TId>
        {
            return _db.GetCollection<T>(collectionName);
        }
        /// <summary>
        /// 实体类名和数据库中文档(关系型数据库中的表)不一致时使用,通过collectionName指定要操作得文档
        /// </summary>
        public IMongoCollection<T> Collection<T>(string collectionName) where T : DefaultIdEntity
        {
            return _db.GetCollection<T>(collectionName);
        }
    }
}
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现有数据库数据 文档book 包含数据如下

开始构建与文档对应的实体,mongo是文档数据库,对单词得大小写是敏感得,所以构建的实体的字段也应该是小写的,有点不符合习惯

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading.Tasks;

namespace MongoTest
{
    public class book : DefaultIdEntity
    {
        public string title { get; set; }
        public double price { get; set; }
        public string author { get; set; }
        public string publisher { get; set; }
        public int saleCount { get; set; }
    }
}
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现在开始增删查改操作,其中查找和删除的filter参数有两种形式,lambda和Definition

using MongoDB.Driver;
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading.Tasks;

namespace MongoTest
{
    public class OperatDb
    {
        static IMongoCollection<book> bookDao;
        static OperatDb()
        {
            bookDao = new DbContext().Collection<book>();
        }

        public static void Excute()
        {
            Console.WriteLine();
            QueryAll();
            Console.WriteLine();
            Query();
            Console.WriteLine();
            Insert();
            Console.WriteLine();
            QueryAll();
            Console.WriteLine();
            Update();
            Console.WriteLine();
            Delete();
            Console.WriteLine();
            QueryAll();
            Console.ReadKey();
        }
        public static void QueryAll()
        {
            var books = bookDao.Find(x => true).ToList();
            foreach (var item in books)
            {
                Console.WriteLine(item.ToString());
            }
        }

        public static void Query(System.Linq.Expressions.Expression<Func<book, bool>> filter = null)
        {
            if (filter == null) filter = x => x.author == "韩寒";
            var books = bookDao.Find(filter).ToList();
            foreach (var item in books)
            {
                Console.WriteLine(item.ToString());
            }
        }

        public static void Update()
        {
            var filter = Builders<book>.Filter.Eq(x => x.title, "悲伤逆流成河");
            var book = bookDao.Find(filter).FirstOrDefault();
            Console.WriteLine("更新前:{0}", book.ToString());
            var update = Builders<book>.Update.Set(x => x.publisher, "新时代出版社")
                                              .Set(x => x.price, 35)
                                              .Inc(x => x.saleCount, 10);
            var result = bookDao.UpdateOne(filter, update);
            Console.WriteLine("IsAcknowledged:{0} MatchedCount:{1} UpsertedId:{2} IsModifiedCountAvailable:{3} ModifiedCount:{4}",
                result.IsAcknowledged, result.MatchedCount, result.UpsertedId, result.IsModifiedCountAvailable, result.ModifiedCount);
            book = bookDao.Find(filter).FirstOrDefault();
            Console.WriteLine("更新后:{0}", book.ToString());
        }

        public static void Delete()
        {
            var result = bookDao.DeleteOne(x => x.title == "悲伤逆流成河");
            Console.WriteLine("DeletedCount:{0} IsAcknowledged:{1} ", result.DeletedCount, result.IsAcknowledged);
        }

        public static void Insert()
        {
            var bookInfo = new book
            {
                Id = new MongoDB.Bson.ObjectId(),
                author = "郭敬明",
                price = 10.00,
                publisher = "春风文艺出版社",
                saleCount = 0,
                title = "悲伤逆流成河"
            };
            bookDao.InsertOne(bookInfo);
        }
    }
}
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 因为我对book类的ToString方法进行了重写,所以输出结果如下

上面都是用的数据库和实体字段名一致的情况,如果不一致怎么办呢,Xml和Json等序列化都有标签特性可以用别名,Bson肯定也会有,新建BookInfo实体如下

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading.Tasks;

namespace MongoTest
{
    public class BookInfo : DefaultIdEntity
    {
        public string Title { get; set; }
        public double Price { get; set; }
        public string Author { get; set; }
        public string Publisher { get; set; }
        public int SaleCount { get; set; }
    }
}
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将上面执行操作的book全部替换成BookInfo试试,发现没报错,再去数据库看看会发现,数据库新增了一个文档,我们预期得结果是要操作在book上,显然这不是我们想要的

现在将调用Collection调用改为指定collectionName为book的形式

        static IMongoCollection<BookInfo> bookDao;
        static OperatDb()
        {
            bookDao = new DbContext().Collection<BookInfo>("book");
        }

再次运行程序,发现报错了,文档节点和实体字段不匹配

现在给BookInfo的字段都加上Bson的标签特性

using MongoDB.Bson.Serialization.Attributes;
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading.Tasks;

namespace MongoTest
{
    public class BookInfo : DefaultIdEntity
    {
        [BsonElement("title")]
        public string Title { get; set; }
        [BsonElement("price")]
        public double Price { get; set; }
        [BsonElement("author")]
        public string Author { get; set; }
        [BsonElement("publisher")]
        public string Publisher { get; set; }
        [BsonElement("saleCount")]
        public int SaleCount { get; set; }
    }
}
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现在一切正常了,显示结果和之前的一样就不再贴图了,有子文档的数据操作与此类似,譬如有如下数据

构建实体如下

  public class Director : Entity
    {
        [BsonElement("name")]
        public string Name { get; set; }
        [BsonElement("country")]
        public string Country { get; set; }
        [BsonElement("age")]
        public int Age { get; set; }
        [BsonElement("movies")]
        public List<Movie> Movies { get; set; }
    }
    public class Movie
    {
        [BsonElement("name")]
        public string Name { get; set; }
        [BsonElement("year")]
        public int Year { get; set; }
    }
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posted @ 2017-08-29 11:58  Everglow  阅读(397)  评论(0编辑  收藏  举报