[原创]java WEB学习笔记49:文件上传基础,基于表单的文件上传,使用fileuoload 组件

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本博客的目的:①总结自己的学习过程,相当于学习笔记 ②将自己的经验分享给大家,相互学习,互相交流,不可商用

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1.基于表单的文件上传

  1)如果在表单中使用表单元素 <input type=“file” />,浏览器在解析表单时,会自动生成一个输入框和一个按钮,输入框可供用户填写本地文件的文件名和路径名,按钮可以让浏览器打开一个文件选择框供用户选择文件:

        

 

  2)Enctype 属性

  ① 当表单需要上传文件时,需指定表单 enctype 的值为 multipart/form-data

  ② 在 form 元素的语法中,enctype 属性指定将数据发送到服务器时浏览器使用的编码类型

  ③ enctype 属性取值:

    > application/x-www-form-urlencoded:表单 enctype 属性的默认值。这种编码方案使用有限的字符集,当使用了非字母和数字时,必须用”%HH”代替(H 代表十六进制数字)。对于大容量的二进制数据或包含非 ASCII 字符的文本来说,这种编码不能满足要求

    > multipart/form-data:form 设定了enctype=“multipart/form-data”属性后,表示表单以二进制传输数据 

 

  3)总结:进行文件上传时,表单需要做的准备

   ① 请求请求方式为 post  :<form action="uploadServlet" method="post"   ....... >

   ② 使用file 表单域  File:<input type="file" name="file"/>

   ③ 使用请求编码方式 : enctype="multipart/form-data"

   ④ 在服务端不能再使用 request.getParameter() 等方式获取请求信息。获取不到,因为请求的编码方式已经为multipart/form-data ,以二进制的方式来提交请求信息,可以使用输入流的方式来获取请求信息

 

upload.jsp

 1 <%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
 2     pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
 3 <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
 4 <html>
 5 <head>
 6 <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
 7 <title>Insert title here</title>
 8 </head>
 9 <body>
10     
11     <form action="uploadServlet" method="post" enctype="multipart/form-data">
12         File:<input type="file" name="file"/>
13         <br><br>
14         Desc:<input type="text" name="desc"/>
15         <br><br>
16         <input type="submit" value="submit"/>
17     </form>
18 
19 </body>
20 </html>

 

 

 

UploadServlet.java

 

 1 package com.jason.fileupload;
 2 
 3 import java.io.BufferedReader;
 4 import java.io.IOException;
 5 import java.io.InputStream;
 6 import java.io.InputStreamReader;
 7 import java.io.Reader;
 8 
 9 import javax.servlet.ServletException;
10 import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
11 import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
12 import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
13 import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
14 
15 /**
16  * Servlet implementation class UploadServlet
17  */
18 @WebServlet("/uploadServlet")
19 public class UploadServlet extends HttpServlet {
20     private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
21 
22     /**
23      * @see HttpServlet#doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
24      */
25     protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
26         //1.获取请求信息
27 //        String file = request.getParameter("file");
28 //        String desc = request.getParameter("desc");
29 //        
30 //        System.out.println(file);
31 //        System.out.println(desc);
32         
33         //以流的方式处理 上传的代码
34         InputStream in = request.getInputStream();
35         
36         Reader reader = new InputStreamReader(in);
37         BufferedReader bufferedReader = new BufferedReader(reader);
38         
39         String str = null;
40         
41         while((str = bufferedReader.readLine()) != null){
42             System.out.println(str);
43         }
44 
45     }
46 
47     
48     
49     
50 }

 

 

2.使用fileuoload 组件

  1)环境的搭建:加入jar包到 lib目录

  

  2)基本思想:

  ① commons-fileupload 可以解析请求,得到一个FileItem 对象组成的List

    ② commons-fileupload 把请求的信息都解析为FileItem 对象,无论是一个一般的文本域还是一个文件域

  ③ 可以调用 FileItem 的 isFormField() 方法来判断是一个表单域 或不是表单域(则是一个文件域)

  ④ 进一步获取信息

    

1 // Process a regular form field
2 if (item.isFormField()) {
3     String name = item.getFieldName();
4     String value = item.getString();
5     ...
6 }

 

 

1 // Process a file upload
2 if (!item.isFormField()) {
3     String fieldName = item.getFieldName();
4     String fileName = item.getName();
5     String contentType = item.getContentType();
6     boolean isInMemory = item.isInMemory();
7     long sizeInBytes = item.getSize();
8     ...
9 }

 

 

   3) 如何得到List<FileItem> 对象

简单方式:

1 // Create a factory for disk-based file items
2 FileItemFactory factory = new DiskFileItemFactory();
3 
4 // Create a new file upload handler
5 ServletFileUpload upload = new ServletFileUpload(factory);
6 
7 // Parse the request
8 List /* FileItem */ items = upload.parseRequest(request);

 

 

复杂方式:可以对文件的上床加入限制条件和其他属性

 1 // Create a factory for disk-based file items
 2 DiskFileItemFactory factory = new DiskFileItemFactory();
 3 
 4 // Set factory constraints
 5 factory.setSizeThreshold(yourMaxMemorySize);//设置内存中最多可以存放的上传的文件的大小,若超出则把文件写到一个临时文件夹中,以 byte 为单位
 6 factory.setRepository(yourTempDirectory);//设置那个临时文件夹
 7 
 8 // Create a new file upload handler
 9 ServletFileUpload upload = new ServletFileUpload(factory);
10 
11 // Set overall request size constraint
12 upload.setSizeMax(yourMaxRequestSize);//设置整个文件的大小
13 
14 // Parse the request
15 List /* FileItem */ items = upload.parseRequest(request);

 

 

 

 helloword.java测试

 

 1 package com.jason.fileupload;
 2 
 3 import java.io.BufferedReader;
 4 import java.io.File;
 5 import java.io.FileOutputStream;
 6 import java.io.IOException;
 7 import java.io.InputStream;
 8 import java.io.InputStreamReader;
 9 import java.io.OutputStream;
10 import java.io.Reader;
11 import java.util.List;
12 
13 import javax.servlet.ServletException;
14 import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
15 import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
16 import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
17 import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
18 
19 import org.apache.commons.fileupload.FileItem;
20 import org.apache.commons.fileupload.FileUploadException;
21 import org.apache.commons.fileupload.disk.DiskFileItemFactory;
22 import org.apache.commons.fileupload.servlet.ServletFileUpload;
23 
24 /**
25  * Servlet implementation class UploadServlet
26  */
27 @WebServlet("/upload/uploadServlet")
28 public class UploadServlet extends HttpServlet {
29     private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
30 
31     /**
32      * @see HttpServlet#doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse
33      *      response)
34      */
35     protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request,
36             HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
37         // 1.得到FileIrem 的集合 items
38         // Create a factory for disk-based file items
39         DiskFileItemFactory factory = new DiskFileItemFactory();
40 
41         // Set factory constraints
42         factory.setSizeThreshold(1024 * 500);
43         File tempDirectory = new File("e:\\tempDirectory");
44         factory.setRepository(tempDirectory);
45 
46         // Create a new file upload handler
47         ServletFileUpload upload = new ServletFileUpload(factory);
48 
49         // Set overall request size constraint
50         upload.setSizeMax(1024 * 1024 * 5);
51 
52         // Parse the request
53         try {
54             List<FileItem> items = upload.parseRequest(request);
55             // 2.遍历items:若是一般表单域,打印信息
56             for (FileItem item : items) {
57                 if (item.isFormField()) {
58                     String name = item.getFieldName();
59                     String value = item.getString();
60                     System.out.println(name + " : " + value);
61                 } else {
62                     // 3.若是文件域则把文件保存到目录 files
63                     String fieldName = item.getFieldName();
64                     String fileName = item.getName();
65                     String contentType = item.getContentType();
66                     long sizeInBytes = item.getSize();
67 
68                     System.out.println(fieldName);
69                     System.out.println(fileName);
70                     System.out.println(contentType);
71                     System.out.println(sizeInBytes);
72 
73                     InputStream in = item.getInputStream();
74                     byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
75                     int len = 0;
76                     fileName = "e:\\file\\" + fileName;
77                     System.out.println(fileName);
78 
79                     OutputStream out = new FileOutputStream(fileName);
80                     while ((len = in.read(buffer)) != -1) {
81                         out.write(buffer, 0, len);
82                     }
83                     out.close();
84                     in.close();
85                 }
86             }
87 
88         } catch (FileUploadException e) {
89             e.printStackTrace();
90         }
91 
92     }
93 
94 }

 

 

 upload.jsp

 

 1 <%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
 2     pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
 3 <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
 4 <html>
 5 <head>
 6 <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
 7 <title>Insert title here</title>
 8 </head>
 9 <body>
10     
11     <form action="uploadServlet" method="post" enctype="multipart/form-data">
12         File:<input type="file" name="file"/>
13         <br><br>
14         Desc:<input type="text" name="desc"/>
15         <br><br>
16         <input type="submit" value="submit"/>
17     </form>
18 
19 </body>
20 </html>

 

posted @ 2016-07-19 15:27  jason_zhangz  阅读(1181)  评论(0编辑  收藏  举报