Spring+Dubbo+TestNG接口测试初探
最近因工作原因,需要测试dubbo接口,通过公司同事写的框架,再结合度娘的帮助,自己做了一些总结记录。
通过下文意在说明如何搭建一个spring + dubbo + testng的测试环境,并完成一个简单的dubbo接口测试用例。
一、在Idea中新建一个maven工程
二、在pom.xml中添加相关依赖
<dependencies> <!-- Spring框架依赖:用于构建Spring容器 --> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-context</artifactId> <version>5.1.5.RELEASE</version> </dependency> <!-- Spring单元测试依赖:用于测试类启动spring容器 --> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-test</artifactId> <version>5.1.5.RELEASE</version> <scope>test</scope> </dependency> <!-- dubbo依赖--> <dependency> <groupId>com.alibaba</groupId> <artifactId>dubbo</artifactId> <version>2.6.2</version> <exclusions> <exclusion> <artifactId>spring</artifactId> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> </exclusion> </exclusions> </dependency> <!-- 引入相应工程的jar包:*根据工程不同具体填入相应值--> <dependency> <groupId>com.*.*</groupId> <artifactId>*</artifactId> <version>*</version> </dependency> <!-- testng依赖:测试框架--> <dependency> <groupId>org.testng</groupId> <artifactId>testng</artifactId> <version>6.14.3</version> <scope>test</scope> </dependency> <!-- fastjson依赖:主要用于接口返回结果中解析json对象 --> <dependency> <groupId>com.alibaba</groupId> <artifactId>fastjson</artifactId> <version>1.2.54</version> </dependency> <!-- 流式断言器依赖:要比于junit和testng中的断言,assertj的api更强大--> <dependency> <groupId>org.assertj</groupId> <artifactId>assertj-core</artifactId> <version>3.11.1</version> <scope>test</scope> </dependency> </dependencies>
三、Dubbo服务spring配置(resources目录下新建一个bean.xml文件)
由于测试过程是RPC(远程调用接口)的过程,测试项目相当于服务消费方Consumer,开发项目相当于服务提供方Provider,
所以测试只需要进行消费方的spring配置。xml的模板可以直接从要测试的dubbo接口对应的应用中拷贝;
<dubbo:application>必须声明,name和owner的值随便取(当然要取有一定意义的),没有对应关系;
<dubbo:reference>中url对应dubbo接口对应的dubbo服务地址和端口,
id唯一即可,
interface是dubbo服务的全限定类名
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:dubbo="http://code.alibabatech.com/schema/dubbo" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd http://code.alibabatech.com/schema/dubbo http://code.alibabatech.com/schema/dubbo/dubbo.xsd"> <dubbo:application name="x1_consumer" owner="x2_consumer"/> <dubbo:reference url="dubbo://192.168.0.100:20860" id="testService" interface="com.*.*.service.TestService" timeout="30000"/> </beans>
四、编写测试脚本
import com.*.*.TestService; import org.springframework.test.context.ContextConfiguration; import org.springframework.test.context.testng.AbstractTestNGSpringContextTests; import javax.annotation.Resource; //测试类需要继承AbstractTestNGSpringContextTests,如果不这么做测试类是无法启动Spring容器的 @ContextConfiguration(locations = "classpath:bean.xml") public class TestBase extends AbstractTestNGSpringContextTests { @Resource public TestService testService; }
测试类需要继承AbstractTestNGSpringContextTests,如果不这么做测试类是无法启动Spring容器的
使用了[@ContextConfiguration]是为了加载被测试的Bean
import com.alibaba.fastjson.JSON; import org.testng.Assert; import org.testng.annotations.Test; import java.util.ArrayList; import java.util.List; import static org.assertj.core.api.Assertions.assertThat; public class TestSaveData extends TestBase {
private TestDTO testDTO = new TestDTO(); private List<Integer> categorys = new ArrayList<Integer>(); @Test public void TestSaveData_nameIsNull() { categorys.add(1); testDTO.setCategorys(categorys); ResponseDTO res = TestService.saveData(testDTO); System.out.println(JSON.toJSONString(res)); assertThat(res.getCode()).as("返回状态码").isEqualTo("2") .isBetween("1","2"); assertThat(res.getMessage()).isEqualTo("XX名称不能为空!"); assertThat(res.isSuccess()).isFalse(); } }