Hbase 数据库基本操作

本文参考：数据酷客<Hadoop基础.Hbase的Shell命令>
上个月写了一篇Hive数据仓库基本操作过了这么长的时间，还没来得及复习，今天又学了Hbase数据库的一大堆操作，为了防止混淆，和后期快速复习，查找，今天再写一篇Hbase Shell的基本操作，记性不好，只好写下来啦。

命令	作用
create	创建表
desc	查看表信息
put	插入数据
get	数据查询
scan	数据查询
alter	修改表
truncate	清空数据表
drop	删除表
...	...
...	...
...	...
在保证Hbase和相关依赖项都启动后输入hbase shell，进入Hbase客户端。

 [root@namenode opt]# hbase shell

输入help，查看Hbase的shell命令

 hbase(main):001:0> help
HBase Shell, version 1.2.6, rUnknown, Mon May 29 02:25:32 CDT 2017
Type 'help "COMMAND"', (e.g. 'help "get"' -- the quotes are necessary) for help on a specific command.
Commands are grouped. Type 'help "COMMAND_GROUP"', (e.g. 'help "general"') for help on a command group.
......

命令有很多，本文只罗列一些基本的命令

1、create 创建表

输入help 'create' 查看建表语句

 hbase(main):002:0> help 'create'
......

基本语句：create '表名' , '列族名'
插一句：可能会出现 znode data = = null 的问题，这是因为运行Hbase的用户无法将文件写入zookeeper，导致znode为空
解决方案：在hbase-site.xml文件中指定zookeeper的文件目录即可

 <property>
	<name>hbase.zookeeper.property.dataDir</name>
    <value>/opt/zookeeper/data</value>
</property>

Hbase创建表时。只指定表的名称和列族名称，不指定列的名称和类型
如：创建一个名为 student1 ，列族名为 cf1 的表

 hbase(main):003:0> create 'student1' , 'cf1'
0 row(s) in 3.4160 seconds
 
=> Hbase::Table - student1

创建一个名为 student2 ，列族名为 cf1 和 cf2 的表

 hbase(main):011:0> create 'student2' , 'cf1' , 'cf2'
0 row(s) in 2.2410 seconds
 
=> Hbase::Table - student2

输入 list 命令，查看Hbase中的表

 hbase(main):016:0> list
TABLE
student1
student2
2 row(s) in 0.0080 seconds
 
=> ["student1", "student2"]

2、desc 查看表信息

使用命令：desc '表名' 查看student1表的详细信息

 hbase(main):018:0> desc 'student1'
Table student1 is ENABLED
student1
COLUMN FAMILIES DESCRIPTION
{NAME => 'cf1', BLOOMFILTER => 'ROW', VERSIONS => '1', IN_MEMORY => 'false', KEEP_DELETED_CELLS => 'FALSE', DATA_BLOCK_ENCODING => 'NONE', TTL => 'FOREVER', COMPRESSION => 'NONE', MIN_VERSIONS => '0',
BLOCKCACHE => 'true', BLOCKSIZE => '65536', REPLICATION_SCOPE => '0'}
1 row(s) in 0.0590 seconds

{}中的内容是列族的信息，以下是各个字符的对应解释

字符	解释
NAME	名称
VERSION	版本号
IN_MEMORY	是否将数据在内存中存储
TTL	创建时间
BLOCKSIZE	列族的大小
REPLICATION_SCOPE	复制
查看 student2 表的信息， student2 表有两个列族，故有两个{}

 hbase(main):019:0> desc 'student2'
Table student2 is ENABLED
student2
COLUMN FAMILIES DESCRIPTION
{NAME => 'cf1', BLOOMFILTER => 'ROW', VERSIONS => '1', IN_MEMORY => 'false', KEEP_DELETED_CELLS => 'FALSE', DATA_BLOCK_ENCODING => 'NONE', TTL => 'FOREVER', COMPRESSION => 'NONE', MIN_VERSIONS => '0',
BLOCKCACHE => 'true', BLOCKSIZE => '65536', REPLICATION_SCOPE => '0'}
{NAME => 'cf2', BLOOMFILTER => 'ROW', VERSIONS => '1', IN_MEMORY => 'false', KEEP_DELETED_CELLS => 'FALSE', DATA_BLOCK_ENCODING => 'NONE', TTL => 'FOREVER', COMPRESSION => 'NONE', MIN_VERSIONS => '0',
BLOCKCACHE => 'true', BLOCKSIZE => '65536', REPLICATION_SCOPE => '0'}
2 row(s) in 0.2050 seconds

3、put 插入数据

put命令：put '表名' , '行键' , '列族:列名' , '数据内容'
将信息（name：July，age：18，grade：98，sex：男）插入到表student1中

 hbase(main):020:0> put 'student1' , '001' , 'cf1:name' , 'July'
0 row(s) in 0.2070 seconds
 
hbase(main):021:0> put 'student1' , '001' , 'cf1:age' , '18'
0 row(s) in 0.0240 seconds
 
hbase(main):022:0> put 'student1' , '001' , 'cf1:grade' , '98'
0 row(s) in 0.0210 seconds
 
hbase(main):023:0> put 'student1' , '001' , 'cf1:sex' , 'M'
0 row(s) in 0.0080 seconds

浏览器输入：namenode:50070
插入数据在HDFS存储路径
Hbase插入的数据存储在HDFS中
存储路径为：/hbase/data/default/表/region编号/列族/HDFS的文件名
default 是默认的命名空间

4、get 数据查询

基本命令：get '表名' , '行键'
获取表 student1 行键为 001 的数据

 hbase(main):025:0> get 'student1' , '001'
COLUMN                                              CELL
 cf1:age                                            timestamp=1589278473070, value=18
 cf1:grade                                          timestamp=1589278487224, value=98
 cf1:name                                           timestamp=1589278459460, value=July
 cf1:sex                                            timestamp=1589278496165, value=M
4 row(s) in 0.0760 seconds

（其中，timetamp 表示存入数据的时间戳，value 是对应的值）
查询表 student1，001行，cf1列族，name列的数据

 hbase(main):026:0> get 'student1' , '001' , 'cf1:name'
COLUMN                                              CELL
 cf1:name                                           timestamp=1589278459460, value=July
1 row(s) in 0.0210 seconds

将表student1中，name列的值July修改为Mary，然后查询结果

 hbase(main):027:0> put 'student1' , '001' , 'cf1:name' , 'Mary'
0 row(s) in 0.0220 seconds
 
hbase(main):028:0> get 'student1' , '001' , 'cf1:name'
COLUMN                                              CELL
 cf1:name                                           timestamp=1589279637308, value=Mary
1 row(s) in 0.0150 seconds

（在Hbase中，列族默认VERSION的值为1，表示每一列只能存储一个值，后插入的值会覆盖之前的值！）
创建表时，指定VERSION的值：create '表名' {NAME => '列族名' , VERSIONS => '版本值'}
创建表 student3，并指定列族 cf1 的版本值是3，查询结果

 hbase(main):031:0> create 'student3' , {NAME => 'cf1' , VERSIONS => '3'}
0 row(s) in 8.8800 seconds
 
=> Hbase::Table - student3
 
hbase(main):032:0> desc 'student3'
Table student3 is ENABLED
student3
COLUMN FAMILIES DESCRIPTION
{NAME => 'cf1', BLOOMFILTER => 'ROW', VERSIONS => '3', IN_MEMORY => 'false', KEEP_DELETED_CELLS => 'FALSE', DATA_BLOCK_ENCODING => 'NONE', TTL => 'FOREVER', COMPRESSION => 'NONE', MIN_VERSIONS => '0',
BLOCKCACHE => 'true', BLOCKSIZE => '65536', REPLICATION_SCOPE => '0'}
1 row(s) in 0.0410 seconds

向表student3的相同的列中插入3次数据，查询结果

 hbase(main):033:0> put 'student3' , '001' , 'cf1:name' , 'July'
0 row(s) in 0.0470 seconds
 
hbase(main):034:0> put 'student3' , '001' , 'cf1:name' , 'Tom'
0 row(s) in 0.0120 seconds
 
hbase(main):035:0> put 'student3' , '001' , 'cf1:name' , 'Mary'
0 row(s) in 0.0090 seconds
 
hbase(main):039:0> get 'student3' , '001' , {COLUMN => 'cf1:name' ,VERSIONS => 3}
COLUMN                                              CELL
 cf1:name                                           timestamp=1589280435047, value=Mary
 cf1:name                                           timestamp=1589280430294, value=Tom
 cf1:name                                           timestamp=1589280423248, value=July
3 row(s) in 0.2580 seconds

5、scan 数据查询

使用get查询时，必须输入行键，不能直接对某一列进行查询
可以使用scan对表的指定列进行查询
命令：scan '表名' , {COLUMN => '列族:列名' , VERSIONS => '版本值' }
查询表student3中的name列

 hbase(main):005:0> scan 'student3' , {COLUMN => 'cf1:name' , VERSIONS => 3}
ROW                                                 COLUMN+CELL
 001                                                column=cf1:name, timestamp=1589280435047, value=Mary
 001                                                column=cf1:name, timestamp=1589280430294, value=Tom
 001                                                column=cf1:name, timestamp=1589280423248, value=July
1 row(s) in 0.1310 seconds

6、alter 修改表

alter 可以在表中增加列族
命令：alter '表名' , NAME => ‘列族名' , VERSIONS => 版本值
在表student1中增加列族cf1，修改版本值为3，查询结果

 hbase(main):007:0> alter 'student1' , NAME => 'cf2' , VERSIONS => 3
Updating all regions with the new schema...
0/1 regions updated.
1/1 regions updated.
Done.
0 row(s) in 5.0950 seconds
 
hbase(main):008:0> desc 'student1'
Table student1 is ENABLED
student1
COLUMN FAMILIES DESCRIPTION
{NAME => 'cf1', BLOOMFILTER => 'ROW', VERSIONS => '1', IN_MEMORY => 'false', KEEP_DELETED_CELLS => 'FALSE', DATA_BLOCK_ENCODING => 'NONE', TTL => 'FOREVER', COMPRESSION => 'NONE', MIN_VERSIONS => '0',
BLOCKCACHE => 'true', BLOCKSIZE => '65536', REPLICATION_SCOPE => '0'}
{NAME => 'cf2', BLOOMFILTER => 'ROW', VERSIONS => '3', IN_MEMORY => 'false', KEEP_DELETED_CELLS => 'FALSE', DATA_BLOCK_ENCODING => 'NONE', TTL => 'FOREVER', COMPRESSION => 'NONE', MIN_VERSIONS => '0',
BLOCKCACHE => 'true', BLOCKSIZE => '65536', REPLICATION_SCOPE => '0'}
2 row(s) in 0.0500 seconds

alter 可以删除表中的数据，但alter只能以列族为单位删除
命令：
alter '表名’ , NAME => '列族' , METHOD => 'delete' ，或输入
alter '表名' , 'delete' => '列族'
删除表student1中的列族cf2

 hbase(main):009:0> alter 'student1' , 'delete' => 'cf2'
Updating all regions with the new schema...
1/1 regions updated.
Done.
0 row(s) in 2.7580 seconds
 
hbase(main):010:0> desc 'student1'
Table student1 is ENABLED
student1
COLUMN FAMILIES DESCRIPTION
{NAME => 'cf1', BLOOMFILTER => 'ROW', VERSIONS => '1', IN_MEMORY => 'false', KEEP_DELETED_CELLS => 'FALSE', DATA_BLOCK_ENCODING => 'NONE', TTL => 'FOREVER', COMPRESSION => 'NONE', MIN_VERSIONS => '0',
BLOCKCACHE => 'true', BLOCKSIZE => '65536', REPLICATION_SCOPE => '0'}
1 row(s) in 0.0280 seconds

7、truncate 清空数据

命令：truncate '表名'
清空表student3中的数据

 hbase(main):011:0> truncate 'student3'
Truncating 'student3' table (it may take a while):
 - Disabling table...
 - Truncating table...
0 row(s) in 4.7220 seconds
 
hbase(main):014:0> get 'student3' , '001'
COLUMN                                              CELL
0 row(s) in 0.2540 seconds

在清空表中数据时，系统自动先禁用表再清空数据
当数据清空完成后，系统自动恢复表的使用
使用命令：is_enabled '表名' 查看表是否可用

 hbase(main):015:0> is_enabled 'student3'
true
0 row(s) in 0.0190 seconds

8、drop 删除表

命令：drop '表名'
Hbase表不能直接删除

 hbase(main):016:0> drop 'student2'
 
ERROR: Table student2 is enabled. Disable it first.
 
Here is some help for this command:
Drop the named table. Table must first be disabled:
  hbase> drop 't1'
  hbase> drop 'ns1:t1'

在删除之前，必须先禁用表
命令：disable '表名'

 hbase(main):017:0> disable 'student2'
0 row(s) in 2.3580 seconds
 
hbase(main):018:0> drop 'student2'
0 row(s) in 1.3430 seconds
 
hbase(main):019:0> list
TABLE
student1
student3
2 row(s) in 0.0090 seconds
 
=> ["student1", "student3"]

...
...
...
本文参考：数据酷客<Hadoop基础.Hbase的Shell命令>

posted @ 2022-04-06 14:34 王舰阅读(606) 评论(0) 编辑收藏举报

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Hbase 数据库基本操作

1、create 创建表

2、desc 查看表信息

3、put 插入数据

4、get 数据查询

5、scan 数据查询

6、alter 修改表

7、truncate 清空数据

8、drop 删除表

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	hbase(main):001:0> help
	HBase Shell, version 1.2.6, rUnknown, Mon May 29 02:25:32 CDT 2017
	Type 'help "COMMAND"', (e.g. 'help "get"' -- the quotes are necessary) for help on a specific command.
	Commands are grouped. Type 'help "COMMAND_GROUP"', (e.g. 'help "general"') for help on a command group.
	......

	<property>
	<name>hbase.zookeeper.property.dataDir</name>
	<value>/opt/zookeeper/data</value>
	</property>

	hbase(main):003:0> create 'student1' , 'cf1'
	0 row(s) in 3.4160 seconds

	=> Hbase::Table - student1

	hbase(main):011:0> create 'student2' , 'cf1' , 'cf2'
	0 row(s) in 2.2410 seconds

	=> Hbase::Table - student2

	hbase(main):016:0> list
	TABLE
	student1
	student2
	2 row(s) in 0.0080 seconds

	=> ["student1", "student2"]

	hbase(main):018:0> desc 'student1'
	Table student1 is ENABLED
	student1
	COLUMN FAMILIES DESCRIPTION
	{NAME => 'cf1', BLOOMFILTER => 'ROW', VERSIONS => '1', IN_MEMORY => 'false', KEEP_DELETED_CELLS => 'FALSE', DATA_BLOCK_ENCODING => 'NONE', TTL => 'FOREVER', COMPRESSION => 'NONE', MIN_VERSIONS => '0',
	BLOCKCACHE => 'true', BLOCKSIZE => '65536', REPLICATION_SCOPE => '0'}
	1 row(s) in 0.0590 seconds

	hbase(main):019:0> desc 'student2'
	Table student2 is ENABLED
	student2
	COLUMN FAMILIES DESCRIPTION
	{NAME => 'cf1', BLOOMFILTER => 'ROW', VERSIONS => '1', IN_MEMORY => 'false', KEEP_DELETED_CELLS => 'FALSE', DATA_BLOCK_ENCODING => 'NONE', TTL => 'FOREVER', COMPRESSION => 'NONE', MIN_VERSIONS => '0',
	BLOCKCACHE => 'true', BLOCKSIZE => '65536', REPLICATION_SCOPE => '0'}
	{NAME => 'cf2', BLOOMFILTER => 'ROW', VERSIONS => '1', IN_MEMORY => 'false', KEEP_DELETED_CELLS => 'FALSE', DATA_BLOCK_ENCODING => 'NONE', TTL => 'FOREVER', COMPRESSION => 'NONE', MIN_VERSIONS => '0',
	BLOCKCACHE => 'true', BLOCKSIZE => '65536', REPLICATION_SCOPE => '0'}
	2 row(s) in 0.2050 seconds

	hbase(main):020:0> put 'student1' , '001' , 'cf1:name' , 'July'
	0 row(s) in 0.2070 seconds

	hbase(main):021:0> put 'student1' , '001' , 'cf1:age' , '18'
	0 row(s) in 0.0240 seconds

	hbase(main):022:0> put 'student1' , '001' , 'cf1:grade' , '98'
	0 row(s) in 0.0210 seconds

	hbase(main):023:0> put 'student1' , '001' , 'cf1:sex' , 'M'
	0 row(s) in 0.0080 seconds

	hbase(main):025:0> get 'student1' , '001'
	COLUMN CELL
	cf1:age timestamp=1589278473070, value=18
	cf1:grade timestamp=1589278487224, value=98
	cf1:name timestamp=1589278459460, value=July
	cf1:sex timestamp=1589278496165, value=M
	4 row(s) in 0.0760 seconds

	hbase(main):026:0> get 'student1' , '001' , 'cf1:name'
	COLUMN CELL
	cf1:name timestamp=1589278459460, value=July
	1 row(s) in 0.0210 seconds

	hbase(main):027:0> put 'student1' , '001' , 'cf1:name' , 'Mary'
	0 row(s) in 0.0220 seconds

	hbase(main):028:0> get 'student1' , '001' , 'cf1:name'
	COLUMN CELL
	cf1:name timestamp=1589279637308, value=Mary
	1 row(s) in 0.0150 seconds

	hbase(main):031:0> create 'student3' , {NAME => 'cf1' , VERSIONS => '3'}
	0 row(s) in 8.8800 seconds

	=> Hbase::Table - student3

	hbase(main):032:0> desc 'student3'
	Table student3 is ENABLED
	student3
	COLUMN FAMILIES DESCRIPTION
	{NAME => 'cf1', BLOOMFILTER => 'ROW', VERSIONS => '3', IN_MEMORY => 'false', KEEP_DELETED_CELLS => 'FALSE', DATA_BLOCK_ENCODING => 'NONE', TTL => 'FOREVER', COMPRESSION => 'NONE', MIN_VERSIONS => '0',
	BLOCKCACHE => 'true', BLOCKSIZE => '65536', REPLICATION_SCOPE => '0'}
	1 row(s) in 0.0410 seconds

	hbase(main):033:0> put 'student3' , '001' , 'cf1:name' , 'July'
	0 row(s) in 0.0470 seconds

	hbase(main):034:0> put 'student3' , '001' , 'cf1:name' , 'Tom'
	0 row(s) in 0.0120 seconds

	hbase(main):035:0> put 'student3' , '001' , 'cf1:name' , 'Mary'
	0 row(s) in 0.0090 seconds

	hbase(main):039:0> get 'student3' , '001' , {COLUMN => 'cf1:name' ,VERSIONS => 3}
	COLUMN CELL
	cf1:name timestamp=1589280435047, value=Mary
	cf1:name timestamp=1589280430294, value=Tom
	cf1:name timestamp=1589280423248, value=July
	3 row(s) in 0.2580 seconds

	hbase(main):005:0> scan 'student3' , {COLUMN => 'cf1:name' , VERSIONS => 3}
	ROW COLUMN+CELL
	001 column=cf1:name, timestamp=1589280435047, value=Mary
	001 column=cf1:name, timestamp=1589280430294, value=Tom
	001 column=cf1:name, timestamp=1589280423248, value=July
	1 row(s) in 0.1310 seconds

	hbase(main):007:0> alter 'student1' , NAME => 'cf2' , VERSIONS => 3
	Updating all regions with the new schema...
	0/1 regions updated.
	1/1 regions updated.
	Done.
	0 row(s) in 5.0950 seconds

	hbase(main):008:0> desc 'student1'
	Table student1 is ENABLED
	student1
	COLUMN FAMILIES DESCRIPTION
	{NAME => 'cf1', BLOOMFILTER => 'ROW', VERSIONS => '1', IN_MEMORY => 'false', KEEP_DELETED_CELLS => 'FALSE', DATA_BLOCK_ENCODING => 'NONE', TTL => 'FOREVER', COMPRESSION => 'NONE', MIN_VERSIONS => '0',
	BLOCKCACHE => 'true', BLOCKSIZE => '65536', REPLICATION_SCOPE => '0'}
	{NAME => 'cf2', BLOOMFILTER => 'ROW', VERSIONS => '3', IN_MEMORY => 'false', KEEP_DELETED_CELLS => 'FALSE', DATA_BLOCK_ENCODING => 'NONE', TTL => 'FOREVER', COMPRESSION => 'NONE', MIN_VERSIONS => '0',
	BLOCKCACHE => 'true', BLOCKSIZE => '65536', REPLICATION_SCOPE => '0'}
	2 row(s) in 0.0500 seconds

	hbase(main):009:0> alter 'student1' , 'delete' => 'cf2'
	Updating all regions with the new schema...
	1/1 regions updated.
	Done.
	0 row(s) in 2.7580 seconds

	hbase(main):010:0> desc 'student1'
	Table student1 is ENABLED
	student1
	COLUMN FAMILIES DESCRIPTION
	{NAME => 'cf1', BLOOMFILTER => 'ROW', VERSIONS => '1', IN_MEMORY => 'false', KEEP_DELETED_CELLS => 'FALSE', DATA_BLOCK_ENCODING => 'NONE', TTL => 'FOREVER', COMPRESSION => 'NONE', MIN_VERSIONS => '0',
	BLOCKCACHE => 'true', BLOCKSIZE => '65536', REPLICATION_SCOPE => '0'}
	1 row(s) in 0.0280 seconds

	hbase(main):011:0> truncate 'student3'
	Truncating 'student3' table (it may take a while):
	- Disabling table...
	- Truncating table...
	0 row(s) in 4.7220 seconds

	hbase(main):014:0> get 'student3' , '001'
	COLUMN CELL
	0 row(s) in 0.2540 seconds

	hbase(main):015:0> is_enabled 'student3'
	true
	0 row(s) in 0.0190 seconds

	hbase(main):016:0> drop 'student2'

	ERROR: Table student2 is enabled. Disable it first.

	Here is some help for this command:
	Drop the named table. Table must first be disabled:
	hbase> drop 't1'
	hbase> drop 'ns1:t1'

	hbase(main):017:0> disable 'student2'
	0 row(s) in 2.3580 seconds

	hbase(main):018:0> drop 'student2'
	0 row(s) in 1.3430 seconds

	hbase(main):019:0> list
	TABLE
	student1
	student3
	2 row(s) in 0.0090 seconds

	=> ["student1", "student3"]