开发工具:IEDA、JDK1.8、WinHex
一、字节码文件结构
.Class 字节码中有两种数据类型:
- 字节数据直接量:这是基本的数据类型。共细分为 u1 、 uZ 、 u4 、 u8 四种,分别代表连续的 1 个字节、 2 个字节、 4 个字节、 8 个字节组成的整体数据。
- 表(数组):表是山多个基本数据或其他表,按照既定顺序组成的大的数据集合。表是有结构的,它的结构体现在:组成表的成分所在的位置和顺序都是已经严格定义好的。
Class字节码文件的整体结构
二、Demo分析
源代码:该代码贯穿整个字节码学习的章节
package com.jalja.java.bytecode; /** * @Auther: XL * @Date: 2020/1/4 12:58 * @Description: */ public class BytecodeTest { private int num=1; public int getNum() { return num; } public void setNum(int num) { this.num = num; } }
javap -verbose 分析一个字节码文件,会输出字节码文件的魔数、版本号、常量池、类信息、类的构造方法、类中方法的信息、类变量与成员变量等信息
F:\workspace\IDEA\study\jalja-base-utils\target\test-classes>javap -verbose com.jalja.java.bytecode.BytecodeTest Classfile /F:/workspace/IDEA/study/jalja-base-utils/target/test-classes/com/jalja/java/bytecode/BytecodeTest.class Last modified 2020-1-4; size 514 bytes MD5 checksum b661c2792027e7c9169a0266523412c1 Compiled from "BytecodeTest.java" public class com.jalja.java.bytecode.BytecodeTest minor version: 0 major version: 52 flags: ACC_PUBLIC, ACC_SUPER Constant pool: #1 = Methodref #4.#20 // java/lang/Object."<init>":()V #2 = Fieldref #3.#21 // com/jalja/java/bytecode/BytecodeTest.num:I #3 = Class #22 // com/jalja/java/bytecode/BytecodeTest #4 = Class #23 // java/lang/Object #5 = Utf8 num #6 = Utf8 I #7 = Utf8 <init> #8 = Utf8 ()V #9 = Utf8 Code #10 = Utf8 LineNumberTable #11 = Utf8 LocalVariableTable #12 = Utf8 this #13 = Utf8 Lcom/jalja/java/bytecode/BytecodeTest; #14 = Utf8 getNum #15 = Utf8 ()I #16 = Utf8 setNum #17 = Utf8 (I)V #18 = Utf8 SourceFile #19 = Utf8 BytecodeTest.java #20 = NameAndType #7:#8 // "<init>":()V #21 = NameAndType #5:#6 // num:I #22 = Utf8 com/jalja/java/bytecode/BytecodeTest #23 = Utf8 java/lang/Object { public com.jalja.java.bytecode.BytecodeTest(); descriptor: ()V flags: ACC_PUBLIC Code: stack=2, locals=1, args_size=1 0: aload_0 1: invokespecial #1 // Method java/lang/Object."<init>":()V 4: aload_0 5: iconst_1 6: putfield #2 // Field num:I 9: return LineNumberTable: line 8: 0 line 9: 4 LocalVariableTable: Start Length Slot Name Signature 0 10 0 this Lcom/jalja/java/bytecode/BytecodeTest; public int getNum(); descriptor: ()I flags: ACC_PUBLIC Code: stack=1, locals=1, args_size=1 0: aload_0 1: getfield #2 // Field num:I 4: ireturn LineNumberTable: line 12: 0 LocalVariableTable: Start Length Slot Name Signature 0 5 0 this Lcom/jalja/java/bytecode/BytecodeTest; public void setNum(int); descriptor: (I)V flags: ACC_PUBLIC Code: stack=2, locals=2, args_size=2 0: aload_0 1: iload_1 2: putfield #2 // Field num:I 5: return LineNumberTable: line 16: 0 line 17: 5 LocalVariableTable: Start Length Slot Name Signature 0 6 0 this Lcom/jalja/java/bytecode/BytecodeTest; 0 6 1 num I } SourceFile: "BytecodeTest.java"
WinHex:打开class文件
二、魔数(Magic Number)
1、魔数 :所有的class字节码文件的前四个字节都是魔数,魔数是固定值0XCAFEBABE,JVM加载class时会验证该数据是否符合规范。
二、版本号(Version)
2、版本号:
魔数之后的四个字节是版本信息,前两个字节(00 00)是次版本号(minor version: 0),后两个字节(00 34)是主版本号(major version: 52),34是十六进制转换十进制为52;52对应的就是JDK1.8;所以该class文件的版本号=1.8.0;用过java -version 可以验证。由于JVM是向下兼容,所以如何你的字节码文件版本号,小于等于当前JVM的版本,都是可以在当前JVM中运行的。
下一节:JAVA字节码文件之常量池