python实训day6
今天是Python实训的第六天，帅气的tank老师今天教我们了一些常用且实用的小技能。
课堂笔记：
1.关于selenium选择器xpath的使用：
from selenium import webdriver
driver = webdriver.Chrome(r'D:\BaiduNetdiskDownload\chromedriver_win32\chromedriver.exe')
try:
# 隐式等待: 写在get请求前
driver.implicitly_wait(5)
driver.get('https://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/_static/selectors-sample1.html')
# 显式等待: 写在get请求后
# wait.until(...)
'''
<html>
<head>
<base href='http://example.com/' />
<title>Example website</title>
</head>
<body>
<div id='images'>
<a href='image1.html'>Name: My image 1 <br /><img src='image1_thumb.jpg' /></a>
<a href='image2.html'>Name: My image 2 <br /><img src='image2_thumb.jpg' /></a>
<a href='image3.html'>Name: My image 3 <br /><img src='image3_thumb.jpg' /></a>
<a href='image4.html'>Name: My image 4 <br /><img src='image4_thumb.jpg' /></a>
<a href='image5.html'>Name: My image 5 <br /><img src='image5_thumb.jpg' /></a>
</div>
</body>
</html>
'''
# 根据xpath语法查找元素
# / 从根节点开始找第一个
html = driver.find_element_by_xpath('/html')
# html = driver.find_element_by_xpath('/head') # 报错
print(html.tag_name)
# // 从根节点开始找任意一个节点
div = driver.find_element_by_xpath('//div')
print(div.tag_name)
# @
# 查找id为images的div节点
div = driver.find_element_by_xpath('//div[@id="images"]')
print(div.tag_name)
print(div.text)
# 找到第一个a节点
a = driver.find_element_by_xpath('//a')
print(a.tag_name)
# 找到所有a节点
a_s = driver.find_elements_by_xpath('//a')
print(a_s)
# 找到第一个a节点的href属性
# get_attribute:获取节点中某个属性
a = driver.find_element_by_xpath('//a').get_attribute('href')
print(a)
finally:
driver.close()
2.selenium剩余更多操作：
点击、清除操作
'''
from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.common.keys import Keys
import time
driver = webdriver.Chrome(r'D:\BaiduNetdiskDownload\chromedriver_win32\chromedriver.exe')
try:
driver.implicitly_wait(10)
# 1、往jd发送请求
driver.get('https://www.jd.com/')
# 找到输入框输入围城
input_tag = driver.find_element_by_id('key')
input_tag.send_keys('围城')
# 键盘回车
input_tag.send_keys(Keys.ENTER)
time.sleep(2)
# 找到输入框输入墨菲定律
input_tag = driver.find_element_by_id('key')
input_tag.clear()
input_tag.send_keys('墨菲定律')
# 找到搜索按钮点击搜索
button = driver.find_element_by_class_name('button')
button.click()
time.sleep(10)
finally:
driver.close()
'''
获取cookies （了解）
'''
from selenium import webdriver
import time
driver = webdriver.Chrome(r'D:\BaiduNetdiskDownload\chromedriver_win32\chromedriver.exe')
try:
driver.implicitly_wait(10)
driver.get('https://www.zhihu.com/explore')
print(driver.get_cookies())
time.sleep(10)
finally:
driver.close()
'''
选项卡
'''
#选项卡管理：切换选项卡，有js的方式windows.open,有windows快捷键：
# ctrl+t等，最通用的就是js的方式
import time
from selenium import webdriver
browser = webdriver.Chrome()
try:
browser.get('https://www.baidu.com')
# execute_script: 执行javascrpit代码
# 弹窗操作
# browser.execute_script('alert("tank")')
# 新建浏览器窗口
browser.execute_script(
'''
window.open();
'''
)
time.sleep(1)
print(browser.window_handles) # 获取所有的选项卡
# 切换到第二个窗口
# 新:
browser.switch_to.window(browser.window_handles[1])
# 旧:
# browser.switch_to_window(browser.window_handles[1])
# 第二个窗口往淘宝发送请求
browser.get('https://www.taobao.com')
time.sleep(5)
# 切换到第一个窗口
browser.switch_to_window(browser.window_handles[0])
browser.get('https://www.sina.com.cn')
time.sleep(10)
finally:
browser.close()
'''
ActionChangs动作链
'''
from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver import ActionChains
import time
driver = webdriver.Chrome()
driver.implicitly_wait(10)
driver.get('http://www.runoob.com/try/try.php?filename=jqueryui-api-droppable')
try:
# driver.switch_to_frame('iframeResult')
# 切换到id为iframeResult的窗口内
driver.switch_to.frame('iframeResult')
# 源位置
draggable = driver.find_element_by_id('draggable')
# 目标位置
droppable = driver.find_element_by_id('droppable')
# 调用ActionChains，必须把驱动对象传进去
# 得到一个动作链对象，复制给一个变量
actions = ActionChains(driver)
# 方式一: 机器人
# 瞬间把源图片位置秒移到目标图片位置
# actions.drag_and_drop(draggable, droppable) # 编写一个行为
# actions.perform() # 执行编写好的行为
# 方式二: 模拟人的行为
source = draggable.location['x']
target = droppable.location['x']
print(source, target)
distance = target - source
print(distance)
# perform：每个动作都要调用perform执行
# 点击并摁住源图片
ActionChains(driver).click_and_hold(draggable).perform()
s = 0
while s < distance:
# 执行位移操作
ActionChains(driver).move_by_offset(xoffset=2, yoffset=0).perform()
s += 2
# 释放动作链
ActionChains(driver).release().perform()
time.sleep(10)
finally:
driver.close()
'''
前进、后退
'''
from selenium import webdriver
import time
driver = webdriver.Chrome()
try:
driver.implicitly_wait(10)
driver.get('https://www.jd.com/')
driver.get('https://www.baidu.com/')
driver.get('https://www.cnblogs.com/')
time.sleep(2)
# 回退操作
driver.back()
time.sleep(1)
# 前进操作
driver.forward()
time.sleep(1)
driver.back()
time.sleep(10)
finally:
driver.close()
3.破解登录方法：
from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver import ChromeOptions
import time
r'''
步骤:
1、打开文件的查看，显示隐藏文件
2、找到C:\Users\administortra\AppData\Local\Google\Chrome\User Data
删除Default文件
3、重新打开浏览器，并登陆百度账号
- 此时会创建一个新的Default缓存文件
4、添加cookies
5、关闭谷歌浏览器后执行程序
'''
# 获取options对象，参数对象
options = ChromeOptions()
# 获取cookies保存路径
# 'C:\Users\administortra\AppData\Local\Google\Chrome\User Data'
profile_directory = r'--user-data-dir=C:\Users\administortra\AppData\Local\Google\Chrome\User Data'
# 添加用户信息目录
options.add_argument(profile_directory)
# 把参数加载到当前驱动中 chrome_options默认参数，用来接收options对象
driver = webdriver.Chrome(chrome_options=options)
try:
driver.implicitly_wait(10)
driver.get('https://www.baidu.com/')
'''
BDUSS:*****
'''
# 添加用户cookies信息
# name、value必须小写
driver.add_cookie({"name": "BDUSS", "value": "用户session字符串"})
# 刷新操作
driver.refresh()
time.sleep(10)
finally:
driver.close()
4.爬取京东商品信息：
# 爬取京东商品信息:
# 请求url:
# https://www.jd.com/
# 提取商品信息:
# 1.商品详情页
# 2.商品名称
# 3.商品价格
# 4.评价人数
# 5.商品商家
# '''
from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.common.keys import Keys
import time
driver = webdriver.Chrome()
try:
driver.implicitly_wait(10)
# 1、往京东主页发送请求
driver.get('https://www.jd.com/')
# 2、输入商品名称，并回车搜索
input_tag = driver.find_element_by_id('key')
input_tag.send_keys('macbook')
input_tag.send_keys(Keys.ENTER)
time.sleep(2)
# 通过JS控制滚轮滑动获取所有商品信息
js_code = '''
window.scrollTo(0,5000);
'''
driver.execute_script(js_code) # 执行js代码
# 等待数据加载
time.sleep(2)
# 3、查找所有商品div
# good_div = driver.find_element_by_id('J_goodsList')
good_list = driver.find_elements_by_class_name('gl-item')
n = 1
for good in good_list:
# 根据属性选择器查找
# 商品链接
good_url = good.find_element_by_css_selector(
'.p-img a').get_attribute('href')
# 商品名称
good_name = good.find_element_by_css_selector(
'.p-name em').text.replace("\n", "--")
# 商品价格
good_price = good.find_element_by_class_name(
'p-price').text.replace("\n", ":")
# 评价人数
good_commit = good.find_element_by_class_name(
'p-commit').text.replace("\n", " ")
# 商品商家
good_from = good.find_element_by_class_name(
'J_im_icon').text.replace("\n", " ")
good_content = f'''
商品链接: {good_url}
商品名称: {good_name}
商品价格: {good_price}
评价人数: {good_commit}
商品商家: {good_from}
\n
'''
print(good_content)
with open('jd.txt', 'a', encoding='utf-8') as f:
f.write(good_content)
next_tag = driver.find_element_by_link_text('下一页')
next_tag.click()
time.sleep(10)
finally:
driver.close()
5.作业
（1）：爬取京东商品信息:
from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.common.keys import Keys
import time
def get_good(driver):
try:
js_code='''
window.scrollTo(0,5000);
'''
driver.execute_script(js_code)
time.sleep(2)
good_list = driver.find_elements_by_class_name('gl-item')
n = 1
for good in good_list:
good_url = good.find_element_by_css_selector('.p-img a').get_attribute('href')
good_name = good.find_element_by_css_selector('.p-name em').text.replace("\n", "--")
good_price = good.find_element_by_class_name('p-price').text.replace("\n", ":")
good_commit = good.find_element_by_class_name('p-commit').text.replace("\n", " ")
good_from = good.find_element_by_class_name('J_im_icon').text.replace("\n", " ")
good_content = f'''
商品链接：{good_url}
商品名称:{good_name}
商品价格:{good_price}
评价人数:{good_commit}
商品商家:{good_from}
\n
'''
print(good_content)
# with open('jd.txt', 'a', encoding='utf-8')as f:
# f.write(good_content)
time.sleep(10)
next_tag=driver.find_element_by_class_name('pn-next')
next_tag.click()
time.sleep(2)
get_good(driver)
time.sleep(10)
finally:
driver.close()
if __name__ == '__main__':
good_name=input('请输入商品名:').strip()
driver = webdriver.Chrome()
driver.implicitly_wait(10)
driver.get("https://www.jd.com/")
input_tag = driver.find_element_by_id('key')
input_tag.send_keys(good_name)
input_tag.send_keys(Keys.ENTER)
time.sleep(2)
get_good(driver)
