OpenERP|odoo Web开发
在OpenERP 7 和 Odoo 8下测试均可。
1.相关库/框架
主要:jQuery(使用1.8.3,如果使用新版本,其他jQuery插件也要升级或修改)、Underscore、Qweb
其他:都在addons\web\static\lib路径下。
2.示例框架
下载(需要先安装bzr):bzr branch lp:~niv-openerp/+junk/oepetstore -r 1
下载后将路径加到OpenERP服务器的addons_path参数中,重启服务器、更新模块列表再安装。
在__openerp__.py中通过:
[python]
- 'js': ['static/src/js/*.js'],
- 'css': ['static/src/css/*.css'],
- 'qweb': ['static/src/xml/*.xml'],
将所有js/css/xml(QWeb模板)文件包含进来。
oepetstore/static/js/petstore.js注释说明:
[javascript]
- openerp.oepetstore = function(instance) { // OpenERP模型,必须和模块名称相同。instance参数是OpenERP Web Client自动加载模块时传入的实例。
- var _t = instance.web._t,
- _lt = instance.web._lt; // 翻译函数
- var QWeb = instance.web.qweb; // QWeb实例
- instance.oepetstore = {}; // instance实例里面的模块命名空间(namespace),比如和模块名称相同。
- instance.oepetstore.HomePage = instance.web.Widget.extend({ // 自定义首页部件
- start: function() { // 部件创建时自动调用的方法
- console.log("pet store home page loaded");
- },
- });
- instance.web.client_actions.add('petstore.homepage', 'instance.oepetstore.HomePage');
- // 将自定义首页部件与菜单动作绑定
- }
可以在网址后面加“?debug”参数使脚本不压缩以便于调试,例如:
[javascript]
- http://localhost:8069/?debug
3.类的定义
从instance.web.Class基类扩展:
[javascript]
- instance.oepetstore.MyClass = instance.web.Class.extend({
- say_hello: function() {
- console.log("hello");
- },
- });
- var my_object = new instance.oepetstore.MyClass();
- my_object.say_hello();
构造函数名为init();使用this访问对象实例的属性或方法:
[javascript]
- instance.oepetstore.MyClass = instance.web.Class.extend({
- init: function(name) {
- this.name = name;
- },
- say_hello: function() {
- console.log("hello", this.name);
- },
- });
- var my_object = new instance.oepetstore.MyClass("Nicolas");
- my_object.say_hello();
类可以通过extend()方法继承;使用this._super()调用基类被覆盖的方法。
[javascript]
- instance.oepetstore.MySpanishClass = instance.oepetstore.MyClass.extend({
- say_hello: function() {
- this._super();
- console.log("translation in Spanish: hola", this.name);
- },
- });
- var my_object = new instance.oepetstore.MySpanishClass("Nicolas");
- my_object.say_hello();
4.部件(Widget)
从instance.web.Widget扩展自定义部件。HomePage首页部件见petstore.js。
在自定义部件中,this.$el表示部件实例的jQuery对象,可以调用jQuery方法,例如:
[javascript]
- this.$el.append("
Hello dear OpenERP user!");
往部件中添加一个
部件中可以插入其他部件进行组合:
[javascript]
- instance.oepetstore.GreetingsWidget = instance.web.Widget.extend({
- start: function() {
- this.$el.addClass("oe_petstore_greetings");
- this.$el.append("
We are so happy to see you again in this menu!");
- },
- });
- instance.oepetstore.HomePage = instance.web.Widget.extend({
- start: function() {
- this.$el.addClass("oe_petstore_homepage");
- this.$el.append("
Hello dear OpenERP user!");
- var greeting = new instance.oepetstore.GreetingsWidget(this); // 创建部件的时候传入父部件的实例作为构造参数。
- greeting.appendTo(this.$el);
- },
- });
[javascript]
- instance.oepetstore.GreetingsWidget = instance.web.Widget.extend({
- init: function(parent, name) {
- this._super(parent);
- this.name = name;
- },
- });
部件实例可以调用destroy()方法销毁。
5.QWeb模板引擎
QWeb模板在XML属性上加前缀“t-”表示:
t-name:模板名称;
t-esc:引用实例参数,可以使用任意JavaScript表达式;
t-raw:引用原始实例参数,如果有html标记则保留。
QWeb模板下面的根元素最好只有一个。
oepetstore/static/src/xml/petstore.xml:
[html]
-
Hello
-
-
- 定义一个名为“HomePageTemplate”的模板。
使用方法1:
[javascript]- instance.oepetstore.HomePage = instance.web.Widget.extend({
- start: function() {
- this.$el.append(QWeb.render("HomePageTemplate"));
- },
- });
[javascript]- instance.oepetstore.HomePage = instance.web.Widget.extend({
- template: "HomePageTemplate",
- start: function() {
- ...
- },
- });
[html]- true is true
- true is not true
[html]-
- Hello
[html]
部件开发示例,显示产品列表。
JavaScript脚本:
[javascript]- openerp.oepetstore = function(instance) {
- var _t = instance.web._t,
- _lt = instance.web._lt;
- var QWeb = instance.web.qweb;
- instance.oepetstore = {};
- instance.oepetstore.HomePage = instance.web.Widget.extend({
- start: function() {
- var products = new instance.oepetstore.ProductsWidget(this, ["cpu", "mouse", "keyboard", "graphic card", "screen"], "#00FF00");
- products.appendTo(this.$el);
- },
- });
- instance.oepetstore.ProductsWidget = instance.web.Widget.extend({
- template: "ProductsWidget",
- init: function(parent, products, color) {
- this._super(parent);
- this.products = products;
- this.color = color;
- },
- });
- instance.web.client_actions.add('petstore.homepage', 'instance.oepetstore.HomePage');
- }
[html]
[css]- .oe_products_item {
- display: inline-block;
- padding: 3px;
- margin: 5px;
- border: 1px solid black;
- border-radius: 3px;
- }
6.部件事件与特性
[javascript]- instance.oepetstore.ConfirmWidget = instance.web.Widget.extend({
- start: function() {
- var self = this;
- this.$el.append("
Are you sure you want to perform this action?" +
- "<button class='ok_button'>Ok" +
- "<button class='cancel_button'>Cancel");
- this.$el.find("button.ok_button").click(function() { // 在按钮上绑定click事件
- self.trigger("user_choose", true); // 触发自定义user_choose事件,传递事件参数true/false
- });
- this.$el.find("button.cancel_button").click(function() {
- self.trigger("user_choose", false);
- });
- },
- });
- instance.oepetstore.HomePage = instance.web.Widget.extend({
- start: function() {
- var widget = new instance.oepetstore.ConfirmWidget(this);
- widget.on("user_choose", this, this.user_choose); // 在部件上绑定user_choose事件到响应函数user_choose
- widget.appendTo(this.$el);
- },
- user_choose: function(confirm) {
- if (confirm) {
- console.log("The user agreed to continue");
- } else {
- console.log("The user refused to continue");
- }
- },
- });
[javascript]- this.widget.on("change:name", this, this.name_changed); //绑定name特性的change事件
- this.widget.set("name", "Nicolas"); // 设置特性值
- var getedname = this.widget.get("name"); // 读取特性值
7.部件访问 简化jQuery选择器:
[javascript]- this.$el.find("input.my_input")
[javascript]- this.$("input.my_input")
[javascript]- this.$el.find("input").change(function() {
- self.input_changed();
- });
[javascript]- this.$(".my_button").click(function() {
- self.button_clicked();
- });
[javascript]- instance.oepetstore.MyWidget = instance.web.Widget.extend({
- events: {
- "click .my_button": "button_clicked",
- },
- button_clicked: function() {
- ..
- }
- });
事件使用示例:
JavaScript脚本:
[javascript]- openerp.oepetstore = function(instance) {
- var _t = instance.web._t,
- _lt = instance.web._lt;
- var QWeb = instance.web.qweb;
- instance.oepetstore = {};
- instance.oepetstore.ColorInputWidget = instance.web.Widget.extend({
- template: "ColorInputWidget",
- start: function() {
- var self = this;
- this.$el.find("input").change(function() {
- self.input_changed();
- });
- self.input_changed();
- },
- input_changed: function() {
- var color = "#";
- color += this.$el.find(".oe_color_red").val();
- color += this.$el.find(".oe_color_green").val();
- color += this.$el.find(".oe_color_blue").val();
- this.set("color", color);
- },
- });
- instance.oepetstore.HomePage = instance.web.Widget.extend({
- template: "HomePage",
- start: function() {
- this.colorInput = new instance.oepetstore.ColorInputWidget(this);
- this.colorInput.on("change:color", this, this.color_changed);
- this.colorInput.appendTo(this.$el);
- },
- color_changed: function() {
- this.$el.find(".oe_color_div").css("background-color", this.colorInput.get("color"));
- },
- });
- instance.web.client_actions.add('petstore.homepage', 'instance.oepetstore.HomePage');
- }
[html]-
- Red: <br >
- Green: <br >
- Blue: <br >
-
[css]- .oe_color_div {
- width: 100px;
- height: 100px;
- margin: 10px;
- }
8.修改已有的部件和类
可以用include()方法重载已有的部件和类,这个和继承机制类似,是一种插入的方法:
[javascript]- var TestClass = instance.web.Class.extend({
- testMethod: function() {
- return "hello";
- },
- });
- TestClass.include({
- testMethod: function() {
- return this._super() + " world";
- },
- });
- console.log(new TestClass().testMethod());
- // will print "hello world"
9.与服务器的交互-读取数据模型
客户端使用Ajax与服务器交互,不过OpenERP框架提供了简化的方法,通过数据模型进行访问。
OpenERP自动将服务端的数据模型转化为客户端端模型,直接调用即可。服务器上petstore.py里面的模型:
[python]- class message_of_the_day(osv.osv):
- _name = "message_of_the_day"
- def my_method(self, cr, uid, context=None):
- return {"hello": "world"}
- _columns = {
- 'message': fields.text(string="Message"),
- 'color': fields.char(string="Color", size=20),
- }
[javascript]- instance.oepetstore.HomePage = instance.web.Widget.extend({
- start: function() {
- var self = this;
- var model = new instance.web.Model("message_of_the_day");
- model.call("my_method", [], {context: new instance.web.CompoundContext()}).then(function(result) {
- self.$el.append("
Hello " + result["hello"] + "");
- // will show "Hello world" to the user
- });
- },
- });
模型的call()方法参数:
第一个参数name是方法的名称;
第二个参数args是按照顺序排列的参数数组。OpenERP定义的模型方法前三个参数(self, cr, uid)是固定的,由框架产生,也就是说传递的参数数组从第四个开始插入。而context又是特殊的。例子:
方法定义:
[python]- def my_method2(self, cr, uid, a, b, c, context=None):
[javascript]- model.call("my_method", [1, 2, 3], ...// with this a=1, b=2 and c=3
第三个参数kwargs为命名参数,按照名称传递给Python的方法参数。例如:
[javascript]- model.call("my_method", [], {a: 1, b: 2, c: 3}, ...// with this a=1, b=2 and c=3
CompoundContext类提供用户的语言和时区信息。也可以在构造函数中添加另外的数据:
[javascript]- model.call("my_method", [], {context: new instance.web.CompoundContext({'new_key': 'key_value'})})def display_context(self, cr, uid, context=None): print context // will print: {'lang': 'en_US', 'new_key': 'key_value', 'tz': 'Europe/Brussels', 'uid': 1}
(OpenERP服务器端数据模型的方法必须提供4个参数:self, cr, uid, context=None,分别表示模型实例、数据库指针(Cursor)、用户id和用户上下文)
10.与服务器的交互-查询
客户端数据模型提供了search()、read()等方法,组合为query()方法,使用例子:
[javascript]- model.query(['name', 'login', 'user_email', 'signature']) .filter([['active', '=', true], ['company_id', '=', main_company]]) .limit(15) .all().then(function (users) { // do work with users records});
filter():指定OpenERP 域(domain),也即过滤查询结果;
limit():限制返回的记录数量。
最后调用查询对象的all()方法执行查询。
查询异步执行,all()返回的是一个deferred,因此要用then()提供回调函数来处理结果。
数据模型的查询是通过rpc调用实现的。
示例1:显示每日提示
JavaScript脚本:
[javascript]- openerp.oepetstore = function(instance) {
- var _t = instance.web._t,
- _lt = instance.web._lt;
- var QWeb = instance.web.qweb;
- instance.oepetstore = {};
- instance.oepetstore.HomePage = instance.web.Widget.extend({
- template: "HomePage",
- start: function() {
- var motd = new instance.oepetstore.MessageOfTheDay(this);
- motd.appendTo(this.$el);
- },
- });
- instance.web.client_actions.add('petstore.homepage', 'instance.oepetstore.HomePage');
- instance.oepetstore.MessageOfTheDay = instance.web.Widget.extend({
- template: "MessageofTheDay",
- init: function() {
- this._super.apply(this, arguments);
- },
- start: function() {
- var self = this;
- new instance.web.Model("message_of_the_day").query(["message"]).first().then(function(result) {
- self.$(".oe_mywidget_message_of_the_day").text(result.message);
- });
- },
- });
- }
[html]
[css]- .oe_petstore_motd {
- margin: 5px;
- padding: 5px;
- border-radius: 3px;
- background-color: #F0EEEE;
- }
示例2:组合显示每日提示和产品列表
服务器端从OpenERP的产品表继承一个类(模型):
[python]- class product(osv.osv):
- _inherit = "product.product"
- _columns = {
- 'max_quantity': fields.float(string="Max Quantity"),
- }
JavaScript脚本:
[javascript]- openerp.oepetstore = function(instance) {
- var _t = instance.web._t,
- _lt = instance.web._lt;
- var QWeb = instance.web.qweb;
- instance.oepetstore = {};
- instance.oepetstore.HomePage = instance.web.Widget.extend({
- template: "HomePage",
- start: function() {
- var pettoys = new instance.oepetstore.PetToysList(this);
- pettoys.appendTo(this.$(".oe_petstore_homepage_left"));
- var motd = new instance.oepetstore.MessageOfTheDay(this);
- motd.appendTo(this.$(".oe_petstore_homepage_right"));
- },
- });
- instance.web.client_actions.add('petstore.homepage', 'instance.oepetstore.HomePage');
- instance.oepetstore.MessageOfTheDay = instance.web.Widget.extend({
- template: "MessageofTheDay",
- init: function() {
- this._super.apply(this, arguments);
- },
- start: function() {
- var self = this;
- new instance.web.Model("message_of_the_day").query(["message"]).first().then(function(result) {
- self.$(".oe_mywidget_message_of_the_day").text(result.message);
- });
- },
- });
- instance.oepetstore.PetToysList = instance.web.Widget.extend({
- template: "PetToysList",
- start: function() {
- var self = this;
- new instance.web.Model("product.product").query(["name", "image"])
- .filter([["categ_id.name", "=", "Pet Toys"]]).limit(5).all().then(function(result) {
- _.each(result, function(item) {
- var $item = $(QWeb.render("PetToy", {item: item}));
- self.$el.append($item);
- });
- });
- },
- });
- }
[html]-
-
-
<img t-att- src="'data:image/jpg;base64,'+item.image">
[css]- .oe_petstore_homepage {
- display: table;
- }
- .oe_petstore_homepage_left {
- display: table-cell;
- width : 300px;
- }
- .oe_petstore_homepage_right {
- display: table-cell;
- width : 300px;
- }
- .oe_petstore_motd {
- margin: 5px;
- padding: 5px;
- border-radius: 3px;
- background-color: #F0EEEE;
- }
- .oe_petstore_pettoyslist {
- padding: 5px;
- }
- .oe_petstore_pettoy {
- margin: 5px;
- padding: 5px;
- border-radius: 3px;
- background-color: #F0EEEE;
- }