形容词的比较级和最高级

形容词的比较级和最高级

 

英语中大多数形容词是可以分级的，一般有三个等级：原级，比较级和最高级。

 

原级

形容词的本来形式就是形容词的原级。用原级进行比较时可以使用下面两种结构：

1.       表示比较的双方相等，用”as…as”结构，表示“前者像后者一样”，即

A + be + as + 形容词原级 + as + B.

e.g.         John is as tall as his brother.

2.       表示比较的双方不相等，用”not as…as”结构，表示“前者不如后者”，即

A + be + not as + 形容词原级 + as + B.

       e.g.         John is not as tall as his brother.

 

比较级

当把一个人或物同另外一个人或物比较时，就需要用到形容词比较级。其结构是：

A + be + 形容词比较级 + than + B.

e.g.         Jackei is taller than Alex, but Alex is heavier than Jackei

 

最高级

三者或者三者以上的人或物进行比较时，需要使用形容词的最高级。其结构是：

A + be + the 形容词最高级 + of / in + 比较范围.  

(Note: 形容词最高级前面要加 定冠词 the)

e.g.         Jackei is the tallest in our class.      or

              Jackei is the tallest of all the students.

 

形容词不同级别的变化

1.       规则形容词的变化

ID	构成方式	原级	比较级	最高级
1	一般情况，直接加词尾 –er 或者 –est	tall young	taller younger	tallest youngest
2	以 e 结尾的，加 –r 或 –st	nice large	nicer larger	nicest largest
3	以辅音字母+y 结尾的，把 y → i, 再加 –er 或 –est	happy busy	happier busier	happiest busiest
4	以重读闭音节(辅元辅结构)结尾的，双写结尾的辅音字母，再加 –er 或 –est .	big hot thin	bigger hotter thinner	biggest hottest thinnest
5	双音节或多音节的形容词可以在形容词原级前直接加 more / less或most / least 构成形容词的比较级和最高级	useful careful difficult expensive	more useful more careful more difficult less expensive	most useful most careful most difficult least expensive

 

2.       不规则形容词的变化

ID	原级	比较级	最高级
1	good	better	best
2	well	better	best
3	bad	worse	worst
4	many	more	most
5	much	more	most
6	little	less	least
7	far	farther , further	farthest , furthest
8	few	fewer	fewest
9	old	older , elder	oldest , eldest

 

补充

	用于不可数名词	用于可数名词
表示多	much more the most	many more the most
表示少	little less the least	few fewer the fewest

e.g.

1.       Have you got any chocolate?

I haven’t got much.

I’ve got more than you have.

I’ve got the most.

2.       Have you got any chocolate?

I’ve got very little.

I’ve got less than you have.

I’ve got the least.

3.       Have you made any mistakes?

I haven’t made many.

I’ve made more than you have.

I’ve made the most.

4.       Have you made any mistakes?

I’ve made very few.

I’ve made fewer than you have.

I’ve made the fewest.

 

参考资料

1.       《初级英语语法详解》，孟全安，安徽教育出版社，2001

2.       《新概念英语第一册》，亚力山大，何其莘，外研社，1997

3.       新东方新概念一册英语笔记，陈雷，2006 ^_^

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