python增删改查zabbix主机等
摘自：
http://www.jianshu.com/p/e087cace8ddf
一、API简介
Zabbix API是在1.8版本中开始引进并且已经被广泛应用。所有的Zabbix移动客户端都是基于API，甚至原生的WEB前端部分也是建立在它之上。Zabbix API 中间件使得架构更加模块化也避免直接对数据库进行操作。它允许你通过JSON
RPC协议来创建、更新和获取Zabbix对象并且做任何你喜欢的操作【当然前提是你拥有认证账户】。
Zabbix API提供两项主要功能：
远程管理Zabbix配置
远程检索配置和历史数据
使用JSON
API 采用JSON-RPC实现。这意味着调用任何函数，都需要发送POST请求，输入输出数据都是以JSON格式。大致工作流如下：
准备JSON对象，它描述了你想要做什么（创建主机，获取图像，更新监控项等）。
采用POST方法向 http://example.com/zabbix/api_jsonrpc.php 发送此JSON对象；
http://example.com/zabbix/ 是Zabbix前端地址 ，api_jsonrpc.php是调用API的PHP脚本。可在安装可视化前端的目录下找到。获取JSON格式响应。
注：请求除了必须是POST方法之外，HTTP Header Content-Type必须为【application/jsonrequest，application/json-rpc，application/json】其中之一。
可以采用脚本或者任何"手动"支持JSON RPC的工具来使用API。而首先需要了解的就是如何验证和如何使用验证ID来获取想要的信息。后面的演示会以Python脚本和基于Curl的例子来呈现API的基本使用。
基本请求格式
Zabbix API 简化的JSON请求如下：
{
"jsonrpc": "2.0",
"method": "method.name",
"params": {
"param_1_name": "param_1_value",
"param_2_name": "param_2_value"
},
"id": 1,
"auth": "159121b60d19a9b4b55d49e30cf12b81",
}一行一行来看：
"jsonrpc": "2.0"-这是标准的JSON RPC参数以标示协议版本。所有的请求都会保持不变。
"method": "method.name"-这个参数定义了真实执行的操作。例如：host.create、item.update等等
"params"-这里通过传递JSON对象来作为特定方法的参数。如果你希望创建监控项，"name"和"key_"参数是需要的，每个方法需要的参数在Zabbix API文档中都有描述。
"id": 1-这个字段用于绑定JSON请求和响应。响应会跟请求有相同的"id"。在一次性发送多个请求时很有用，这些也不需要唯一或者连续
"auth": "159121b60d19a9b4b55d49e30cf12b81"-这是一个认证令牌【authentication token】用以鉴别用户、访问API。这也是使用API进行相关操作的前提-获取认证ID。
二 、直接上工具脚本
下面参考：利用zabbix api 添加监控
集合脚本，包含查询主机，主机组，模板，添加开启禁用删除主机等功能
> vim zbx_tool.py
#!/usr/bin/env python
#-*- coding: utf-8 -*-
import json
import sys
import urllib2
import argparse
from urllib2 import URLError
reload(sys)
sys.setdefaultencoding('utf-8')
class zabbix_api:
def __init__(self):
self.url = 'http://zabbix.xxx.com/api_jsonrpc.php'
self.header = {"Content-Type":"application/json"}
def user_login(self):
data = json.dumps({
"jsonrpc": "2.0",
"method": "user.login",
"params": {
"user": "admin",
"password": "zabbix"
},
"id": 0
})
request = urllib2.Request(self.url, data)
for key in self.header:
request.add_header(key, self.header[key])
try:
result = urllib2.urlopen(request)
except URLError as e:
print "\033[041m 认证失败，请检查URL !\033[0m",e.code
except KeyError as e:
print "\033[041m 认证失败，请检查用户名密码 !\033[0m",e
else:
response = json.loads(result.read())
result.close()
#print response['result']
self.authID = response['result']
return self.authID
def hostid_get_hostname(self, hostId=''):
data = json.dumps({
"jsonrpc": "2.0",
"method": "host.get",
"params": {
"output": "extend",
"filter": {"hostid": hostId}
},
"auth": self.user_login(),
"id": 1
})
request = urllib2.Request(self.url, data)
for key in self.header:
request.add_header(key, self.header[key])
try:
result = urllib2.urlopen(request)
except URLError as e:
if hasattr(e, 'reason'):
print 'We failed to reach a server.'
print 'Reason: ', e.reason
elif hasattr(e, 'code'):
print 'The server could not fulfill the request.'
print 'Error code: ', e.code
else:
response = json.loads(result.read())
#print response
result.close()
if not len(response['result']):
print "hostId is not exist"
return False
#print "主机数量: \33[31m%s\33[0m" % (len(response['result']))
host_dict=dict()
for host in response['result']:
status = {"0": "OK", "1": "Disabled"}
available = {"0": "Unknown", "1": "available", "2": "Unavailable"}
#if len(hostId) == 0:
# print "HostID : %s\t HostName : %s\t Status :\33[32m%s\33[0m \t Available :\33[31m%s\33[0m" % (
# host['hostid'], host['name'], status[host['status']], available[host['available']])
#else:
# print "HostID : %s\t HostName : %s\t Status :\33[32m%s\33[0m \t Available :\33[31m%s\33[0m" % (
# host['hostid'], host['name'], status[host['status']], available[host['available']])
host_dict['name']=host['name']
host_dict['status']=status[host['status']]
host_dict['available']=available[host['available']]
return host_dict
def hostid_get_hostip(self, hostId=''):
data = json.dumps({
"jsonrpc": "2.0",
"method": "hostinterface.get",
"params": {
"output": "extend",
"filter": {"hostid": hostId}
},
"auth": self.user_login(),
"id": 1
})
request = urllib2.Request(self.url, data)
for key in self.header:
request.add_header(key, self.header[key])
try:
result = urllib2.urlopen(request)
except URLError as e:
if hasattr(e, 'reason'):
print 'We failed to reach a server.'
print 'Reason: ', e.reason
elif hasattr(e, 'code'):
print 'The server could not fulfill the request.'
print 'Error code: ', e.code
else:
response = json.loads(result.read())
# print response
result.close()
if not len(response['result']):
print "\033[041m hostid \033[0m is not exist"
return False
#print "主机数量: \33[31m%s\33[0m" % (len(response['result']))
for hostip in response['result']:
#print hostip
#if len(hostip) == 0:
# print "HostID : %s\t HostIp : %s \t Port : %s " % (hostip['hostid'], hostip['ip'], hostip['port'])
#else:
# print "HostID : %s\t HostIp :\33[32m%s\33[0m \t Port :\33[31m%s\33[0m" % (
# hostip['hostid'], hostip['ip'], hostip['port'])
return hostip['ip']
def host_get(self,hostName=''):
data=json.dumps({
"jsonrpc": "2.0",
"method": "host.get",
"params": {
"output": "extend",
#"filter":{"host":""}
"filter":{"host":hostName}
},
"auth": self.user_login(),
"id": 1
})
request = urllib2.Request(self.url,data)
for key in self.header:
request.add_header(key, self.header[key])
try:
result = urllib2.urlopen(request)
except URLError as e:
if hasattr(e, 'reason'):
print 'We failed to reach a server.'
print 'Reason: ', e.reason
elif hasattr(e, 'code'):
print 'The server could not fulfill the request.'
print 'Error code: ', e.code
else:
response = json.loads(result.read())
#print reqponse
result.close()
if not len(response['result']):
print "\033[041m %s \033[0m is not exist" % hostName
return False
print "主机数量: \033[31m%s\033[0m"%(len(response['result']))
for host in response['result']:
status={"0":"OK","1":"Disabled"}
available={"0":"Unknown","1":"available","2":"Unavailable"}
#print host
if len(hostName)==0:
print "HostID : %s\t HostName : %s\t HostIp : %s\t Status :%s \t Available :%s"%(host['hostid'],host['name'],self.hostid_get_hostip(hostId=host['hostid']),status[host['status']],available[host['available']])
else:
print "HostID : %s\t HostName : %s\t HostIp : %s\t Status :\033[32m%s\033[0m \t Available :\033[31m%s\033[0m"%(host['hostid'],host['name'],self.hostid_get_hostip(hostId=host['hostid']),status[host['status']],available[host['available']])
return host['hostid']
def hostip_get(self, hostIp=''):
data = json.dumps({
"jsonrpc": "2.0",
"method": "hostinterface.get",
"params": {
"output": "extend",
"filter": {"ip": hostIp}
},
"auth": self.user_login(),
"id": 1
})
request = urllib2.Request(self.url, data)
for key in self.header:
request.add_header(key, self.header[key])
try:
result = urllib2.urlopen(request)
except URLError as e:
if hasattr(e, 'reason'):
print 'We failed to reach a server.'
print 'Reason: ', e.reason
elif hasattr(e, 'code'):
print 'The server could not fulfill the request.'
print 'Error code: ', e.code
else:
response = json.loads(result.read())
# print response
result.close()
if not len(response['result']):
print "\033[041m hostip \033[0m is not exist"
return False
print "主机数量: \33[31m%s\33[0m" % (len(response['result']))
for hostip in response['result']:
host = self.hostid_get_hostname(hostip['hostid'])
if len(hostip) == 0:
print "HostID : %s\t HostName : %s\t HostIp : %s\t Status :\33[32m%s\33[0m \t Available :\33[31m%s\33[0m"%(hostip['hostid'],host['name'],hostip['ip'],host['status'],host['available'])
else:
print "HostID : %s\t HostName : %s\t HostIp : %s\t Status :\33[32m%s\33[0m \t Available :\33[31m%s\33[0m"%(hostip['hostid'],host['name'],hostip['ip'],host['status'],host['available'])
return hostip['hostid']
def hostgroup_get(self, hostgroupName=''):
data = json.dumps({
"jsonrpc":"2.0",
"method":"hostgroup.get",
"params":{
"output": "extend",
"filter": {
"name": hostgroupName
}
},
"auth":self.user_login(),
"id":1,
})
request = urllib2.Request(self.url,data)
for key in self.header:
request.add_header(key, self.header[key])
try:
result = urllib2.urlopen(request)
except URLError as e:
print "Error as ", e
else:
# result.read()
response = json.loads(result.read())
result.close()
#print response()
if not len(response['result']):
print "\033[041m %s \033[0m is not exist" % hostgroupName
return False
for group in response['result']:
if len(hostgroupName)==0:
print "hostgroup: \033[31m%s\033[0m \tgroupid : %s" %(group['name'],group['groupid'])
else:
print "hostgroup: \033[31m%s\033[0m\tgroupid : %s" %(group['name'],group['groupid'])
self.hostgroupID = group['groupid']
return group['groupid']
def template_get(self,templateName=''):
data = json.dumps({
"jsonrpc":"2.0",
"method": "template.get",
"params": {
"output": "extend",
"filter": {
"name":templateName
}
},
"auth":self.user_login(),
"id":1,
})
request = urllib2.Request(self.url, data)
for key in self.header:
request.add_header(key, self.header[key])
try:
result = urllib2.urlopen(request)
except URLError as e:
print "Error as ", e
else:
response = json.loads(result.read())
result.close()
#print response
if not len(response['result']):
print "\033[041m %s \033[0m is not exist" % templateName
return False
for template in response['result']:
if len(templateName)==0:
print "template : %s \t id : %s" % (template['name'], template['templateid'])
else:
self.templateID = response['result'][0]['templateid']
print "Template Name :%s"%templateName
return response['result'][0]['templateid']
def hostgroup_create(self,hostgroupName):
if self.hostgroup_get(hostgroupName):
print "hostgroup \033[42m%s\033[0m is exist !" % hostgroupName
sys.exit(1)
data = json.dumps({
"jsonrpc": "2.0",
"method": "hostgroup.create",
"params": {
"name": hostgroupName
},
"auth": self.user_login(),
"id": 1
})
request=urllib2.Request(self.url,data)
for key in self.header:
request.add_header(key, self.header[key])
try:
result = urllib2.urlopen(request)
except URLError as e:
print "Error as ", e
else:
response = json.loads(result.read())
result.close()
print "添加主机组:%s hostgroupID : %s"%(hostgroupName,self.hostgroup_get(hostgroupName))
def host_create(self, hostIp, hostgroupName, templateName, hostName):
if self.host_get(hostName) or self.hostip_get(hostIp):
print "该主机已经添加!"
sys.exit(1)
group_list=[]
template_list=[]
for i in hostgroupName.split(','):
var = {}
var['groupid'] = self.hostgroup_get(i)
group_list.append(var)
for i in templateName.split(','):
var={}
var['templateid']=self.template_get(i)
template_list.append(var)
data = json.dumps({
"jsonrpc":"2.0",
"method":"host.create",
"params":{
"host": hostName,
"interfaces": [
{
"type": 1,
"main": 1,
"useip": 1,
"ip": hostIp,
"dns": "",
"port": "10050"
}
],
"groups": group_list,
"templates": template_list,
},
"auth": self.user_login(),
"id":1
})
request = urllib2.Request(self.url, data)
for key in self.header:
request.add_header(key, self.header[key])
try:
result = urllib2.urlopen(request)
response = json.loads(result.read())
result.close()
print "add host : %s id :%s" % (hostIp, hostName)
except URLError as e:
print "Error as ", e
except KeyError as e:
print "\033[041m 主机添加有误，请检查模板正确性或主机是否添加重复 !\033[0m",e
print response
def host_disable(self,hostip):
data=json.dumps({
"jsonrpc": "2.0",
"method": "host.update",
"params": {
"hostid": self.host_get(hostip),
"status": 1
},
"auth": self.user_login(),
"id": 1
})
request = urllib2.Request(self.url,data)
#opener = urllib2.build_opener(urllib2.HTTPBasicAuthHandler(TerminalPassword()))
for key in self.header:
request.add_header(key, self.header[key])
try:
result = urllib2.urlopen(request)
#result = opener.open(request)
except URLError as e:
print "Error as ", e
else:
response = json.loads(result.read())
result.close()
print '------------主机现在状态------------'
print self.host_get(hostip)
def host_enable(self,hostip):
data=json.dumps({
"jsonrpc": "2.0",
"method": "host.update",
"params": {
"hostid": self.host_get(hostip),
"status": 0
},
"auth": self.user_login(),
"id": 1
})
request = urllib2.Request(self.url,data)
for key in self.header:
request.add_header(key, self.header[key])
try:
result = urllib2.urlopen(request)
#result = opener.open(request)
except URLError as e:
print "Error as ", e
else:
response = json.loads(result.read())
result.close()
print '------------主机现在状态------------'
print self.host_get(hostip)
def host_delete(self,hostNames):
hostid_list=[]
for hostName in hostNames.split(','):
hostid = self.host_get(hostName=hostName)
if not hostid:
print "主机 \033[041m %s\033[0m 删除失败 !" % hostName
sys.exit()
hostid_list.append(hostid)
data=json.dumps({
"jsonrpc": "2.0",
"method": "host.delete",
"params": hostid_list,
"auth": self.user_login(),
"id": 1
})
request = urllib2.Request(self.url,data)
for key in self.header:
request.add_header(key, self.header[key])
try:
result = urllib2.urlopen(request)
result.close()
print "主机 \033[041m %s\033[0m 已经删除 !" % hostName
except Exception,e:
print e
if __name__ == "__main__":
zabbix=zabbix_api()
parser=argparse.ArgumentParser(description='zabbix api ',usage='%(prog)s [options]')
parser.add_argument('-H','--host',nargs='?',dest='listhost',default='host',help='查询主机')
parser.add_argument('-G','--group',nargs='?',dest='listgroup',default='group',help='查询主机组')
parser.add_argument('-T','--template',nargs='?',dest='listtemp',default='template',help='查询模板信息')
parser.add_argument('-A','--add-group',nargs=1,dest='addgroup',help='添加主机组')
parser.add_argument('-C','--add-host',dest='addhost',nargs=4,metavar=('192.168.2.1', 'groupname', 'Template01,Template02', 'hostName'),help='添加主机,多个主机组或模板使用逗号')
parser.add_argument('-d','--disable',dest='disablehost',nargs='+',metavar=('sh-aa-01'),help='禁用主机,填写主机名，多个主机名之间用逗号')
parser.add_argument('-e','--enable',dest='enablehost',nargs=1,metavar=('sh-aa-01'),help='开启主机')
parser.add_argument('-D','--delete',dest='deletehost',nargs='+',metavar=('sh-aa-01'),help='删除主机,多个主机之间用逗号')
parser.add_argument('-v','--version', action='version', version='%(prog)s 1.0')
if len(sys.argv) == 1:
#print parser.print_help()
#print zabbix.host_get(hostName='bbb')
#print zabbix.hostip_get(hostIp='127.0.0.1')
#print zabbix.hostid_get_hostname(hostId='10108')
#print zabbix.hostid_get_hostid(hostId='10105')
#print zabbix.hostgroup_get(hostgroupName='Linux servers')
#print zabbix.hostgroup_get(hostgroupName='aaa')
# ...
print zabbix.host_delete('hz-aaa-02')
else:
args = parser.parse_args()
if args.listhost != 'host':
if args.listhost:
zabbix.host_get(args.listhost)
else:
zabbix.host_get()
if args.listgroup != 'group':
if args.listgroup:
zabbix.hostgroup_get(args.listgroup)
else:
zabbix.hostgroup_get()
if args.listtemp != 'template':
if args.listtemp:
zabbix.template_get(args.listtemp)
else:
zabbix.template_get()
if args.addgroup:
zabbix.hostgroup_create(args.addgroup[0])
if args.addhost:
zabbix.host_create(args.addhost[0], args.addhost[1], args.addhost[2], args.addhost[3])
if args.disablehost:
zabbix.host_disable(args.disablehost)
if args.deletehost:
zabbix.host_delete(args.deletehost[0])- 先用pip安装argparse
用法如下：
> python zbx_tool.py -h
usage: zbx_tool.py [options]
zabbix api
optional arguments:
-h, --help show this help message and exit
-H [LISTHOST], --host [LISTHOST]
查询主机
-G [LISTGROUP], --group [LISTGROUP]
查询主机组
-T [LISTTEMP], --template [LISTTEMP]
查询模板信息
-A ADDGROUP, --add-group ADDGROUP
添加主机组
-C 192.168.2.1 groupname Template01,Template02 hostName, --add-host 192.168.2.1 groupname Template01,Template02 hostName
添加主机,多个主机组或模板使用逗号
-d sh-aa-01 [sh-aa-01 ...], --disable sh-aa-01 [sh-aa-01 ...]
禁用主机,填写主机名，多个主机名之间
¨逗号
-e sh-aa-01, --enable sh-aa-01
开启主机
-D sh-aa-01 [sh-aa-01 ...], --delete sh-aa-01 [sh-aa-01 ...]
删除主机,多个主机之间用逗号
-v, --version show program's version number and exit执行查看
> python zbx_tool.py -H
主机数量: 1
HostID : 10084 HostName : Zabbix server Status :OK Available :available
> python zbx_tool.py -G
hostgroup: Templates groupid : 1
hostgroup: Linux servers groupid : 2
hostgroup: Zabbix servers groupid : 4
hostgroup: Discovered hosts groupid : 5
hostgroup: Virtual machines groupid : 6
hostgroup: Hypervisors groupid : 7
> python zbx_tool.py -T
template : Template OS Linux id : 10001
template : Template App Zabbix Server id : 10047
template : Template App Zabbix Proxy id : 10048
template : Template App Zabbix Agent id : 10050
template : Template SNMP Interfaces id : 10060
...
> python zbx_tool.py -C 1.1.1.10 'Linux servers','Zabbix servers' 'Template OS Linux' hz-aaa-01
主机数量: 0
hostgroup: Linux servers groupid : 2
hostgroup: Zabbix servers groupid : 4
Template Name :Template OS Linux
add host : 1.1.1.10 id :[u'10105']
> python zbx_tool.py -C 1.1.1.10 'Linux servers','Zabbix servers' 'Template OS Linux' hz-aaa-01
主机数量: 0
hostgroup: Linux servers groupid : 2
hostgroup: Zabbix servers groupid : 4
Template Name :Template OS Linux
主机添加有误，请检查模板正确性或主机是否添加重复 ! 'result'
{u'jsonrpc': u'2.0', u'id': 1, u'error': {u'message': u'Invalid params.', u'code': -32602, u'data': u'Host with the same name "hz-aaa-01" already exists.'}}
> 还有其他用法就不一一举例了脚本完成，在原作者基础上略作修改，以适应自己的项目 ~
三、批量操作脚本
准备target文件
> vim target
sh-aaa-01,1.1.1.1
sh-aaa-02,1.1.1.2
sh-aaa-03,1.1.1.3
sh-aaa-04,1.1.1.4批量添加主机的target文件如上，主机名和ip用逗号分隔；
其他批量操作，只写入主机名即可；
批量脚本
#!/usr/bin/env python
#-*- coding: utf-8 -*-
import os
import sys
import argparse
# 导入zabbix_tool.py的zabbix_api类
from zbx_tool import zabbix_api
reload(sys)
sys.setdefaultencoding('utf-8')
host_file = 'target'
base_templates = "'aaa',"
cmd = 'python zbx_tool.py'
# 实例化zabbix_api
zabbix=zabbix_api()
def create_hosts():
groups = raw_input("Please Input Group Name: ")
add_templates = raw_input("Please Input Template Name: ")
templates = base_templates + add_templates
cmd1 = cmd + ' -A ' + groups
os.system(cmd1)
with open(host_file) as fb:
host_info = dict(line.strip().split(',') for line in fb)
for hostname in host_info:
cmd2 = cmd + ' -C ' + host_info[hostname] + ' ' + groups + ' ' +templates + ' ' + hostname
os.system(cmd2)
# 如果本机是sat，target文件可以只写主机名，然后用salt获取ip,上一段脚本如下修改：
# with open(host_file) as fb:
# host_info = list(line.strip() for line in fb)
#
# for hostname in host_info:
# ip_cmd='salt ' + hostname + ' grains.item fqdn_ip4|xargs'
# ip = os.popen(ip_cmd).read().split()[4]
# cmd2 = cmd + ' -C ' + ip + ' ' + groups + ' ' +templates + ' ' + hostname
# os.system(cmd2)
def get_hosts():
with open(host_file) as fb:
[zabbix.host_get(line.strip()) for line in fb]
def delete_hosts():
with open(host_file) as fb:
[zabbix.host_delete(line.strip()) for line in fb]
def enable_hosts():
with open(host_file) as fb:
[zabbix.host_enablee(line.strip()) for line in fb]
def disable_hosts():
with open(host_file) as fb:
[zabbix.host_disable(line.strip()) for line in fb]
if __name__ == "__main__":
if len(sys.argv) == 1 or sys.argv[1] == '-h':
print "you need a argv,like:"
print """
python zbx_cli.py -A #批量添加主机
python zbx_cli.py -C #批量查询主机
python zbx_cli.py -D #批量删除主机
python zbx_cli.py -e #批量开启主机
python zbx_cli.py -d #批量禁止主机
"""
else:
if sys.argv[1] == '-A':
create_hosts()
elif sys.argv[1] == '-C':
get_hosts()
elif sys.argv[1] == '-D':
delete_hosts()
elif sys.argv[1] == '-e':
disable_hosts()
elif sys.argv[1] == '-d':
enable_hosts()执行测试
python zbx_cli.py -D
主机数量: 1
HostID : 12440 HostName : hz-xxx-xxx-api-online-07 HostIp : 1.1.1.1 Status :OK Available :available
主机 hz-xxx-xxx-api-online-07 已经删除 !
主机数量: 1
HostID : 12439 HostName : hz-xxx-xxx-api-online-08 HostIp : 1.1.1.2 Status :OK Available :available
主机 hz-xxx-xxx-api-online-08 已经删除 !
主机数量: 1作者：撸大师
链接：http://www.jianshu.com/p/e087cace8ddf
來源：简书
著作权归作者所有。商业转载请联系作者获得授权，非商业转载请注明出处。
在尝试学习新的语言之前先理解这门语言的设计原理能够让你在探索这门新语言时保持一个清醒而且开发的状态。
