新加磁盘lvm扩容

一、lvm简介:

逻辑卷管理（Logical Volume Management，LVM）是一种用于在Linux系统中管理磁盘空间的工具。LVM允许管理员将物理磁盘抽象成逻辑卷和卷组，从而提供了更大的灵活性和可管理性。

LVM将一个或多个磁盘分区（PV）虚拟为一个卷组（VG），相当于一个大的硬盘，我们可以在上面划分一些逻辑卷（LV）。当卷组的空间不够使用时，可以将新的磁盘分区加入进来。我们还可以从卷组剩余空间上划分一些空间给空间不够用的逻辑卷使用。

 

• 物理卷（Physical Volume，PV）：一个物理磁盘分区（或整个磁盘）可以被初始化为物理卷，用于存储数据

• 卷组（Volume Group，VG）：多个物理卷可以被组合成一个卷组，卷组是逻辑卷管理的最小单元

• 逻辑卷（Logical Volume，LV）：从卷组分配的逻辑存储空间，类似于传统的硬盘分区，但具有更强大的管理能力。

二、示例：

1、新添加的100G磁盘做lvm

• 将vdc扩容到vgdata-lvdata中

2、做分区

# fdisk /dev/vdc 

Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.35.2).
Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
Be careful before using the write command.

Device does not contain a recognized partition table.
Created a new DOS disklabel with disk identifier 0xa27d51e2.

Command (m for help): p   #在此输入p,显示磁盘信息
Disk /dev/vdc: 100 GiB, 107374182400 bytes, 209715200 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disklabel type: dos
Disk identifier: 0xa27d51e2

Command (m for help): n  #在此输入n，"n" 命令来创建新分区
Partition type
   p   primary (0 primary, 0 extended, 4 free)     #主分区
   e   extended (container for logical partitions)   #拓展分区
Select (default p): p     #创建一个主分区
Partition number (1-4, default 1): 1   #在此输入1
First sector (2048-209715199, default 2048):     #回车
Last sector, +/-sectors or +/-size{K,M,G,T,P} (2048-209715199, default 209715199): #回车

Created a new partition 1 of type 'Linux' and of size 100 GiB.

Command (m for help): t  #在此输入t "t" 命令来更改分区的类型
Selected partition 1
Hex code or alias (type L to list all): L  #查看可用的分区类型

 0  Empty           24  NEC DOS         81  Minix / old Lin bf  Solaris        
 1  FAT12           27  Hidden NTFS Win 82  Linux swap / So c1  DRDOS/sec (FAT-
 2  XENIX root      39  Plan 9          83  Linux           c4  DRDOS/sec (FAT-
 3  XENIX usr       3c  PartitionMagic  84  OS/2 hidden or  c6  DRDOS/sec (FAT-
 4  FAT16 <32M      40  Venix 80286     85  Linux extended  c7  Syrinx         
 5  Extended        41  PPC PReP Boot   86  NTFS volume set da  Non-FS data    
 6  FAT16           42  SFS             87  NTFS volume set db  CP/M / CTOS / .
 7  HPFS/NTFS/exFAT 4d  QNX4.x          88  Linux plaintext de  Dell Utility   
 8  AIX             4e  QNX4.x 2nd part 8e  Linux LVM       df  BootIt         
 9  AIX bootable    4f  QNX4.x 3rd part 93  Amoeba          e1  DOS access     
 a  OS/2 Boot Manag 50  OnTrack DM      94  Amoeba BBT      e3  DOS R/O        
 b  W95 FAT32       51  OnTrack DM6 Aux 9f  BSD/OS          e4  SpeedStor      
 c  W95 FAT32 (LBA) 52  CP/M            a0  IBM Thinkpad hi ea  Linux extended 
 e  W95 FAT16 (LBA) 53  OnTrack DM6 Aux a5  FreeBSD         eb  BeOS fs        
 f  W95 Ext'd (LBA) 54  OnTrackDM6      a6  OpenBSD         ee  GPT            
10  OPUS            55  EZ-Drive        a7  NeXTSTEP        ef  EFI (FAT-12/16/
11  Hidden FAT12    56  Golden Bow      a8  Darwin UFS      f0  Linux/PA-RISC b
12  Compaq diagnost 5c  Priam Edisk     a9  NetBSD          f1  SpeedStor      
14  Hidden FAT16 <3 61  SpeedStor       ab  Darwin boot     f4  SpeedStor      
16  Hidden FAT16    63  GNU HURD or Sys af  HFS / HFS+      f2  DOS secondary  
17  Hidden HPFS/NTF 64  Novell Netware  b7  BSDI fs         fb  VMware VMFS    
18  AST SmartSleep  65  Novell Netware  b8  BSDI swap       fc  VMware VMKCORE 
1b  Hidden W95 FAT3 70  DiskSecure Mult bb  Boot Wizard hid fd  Linux raid auto
1c  Hidden W95 FAT3 75  PC/IX           bc  Acronis FAT32 L fe  LANstep        
1e  Hidden W95 FAT1 80  Old Minix       be  Solaris boot    ff  BBT            

Aliases:
   linux          - 83
   swap           - 82
   extended       - 05
   uefi           - EF
   raid           - FD
   lvm            - 8E
   linuxex        - 85
Hex code or alias (type L to list all): 8e   #输入lvm类型的hex代码
Changed type of partition 'Linux' to 'Linux LVM'.

Command (m for help): p  #在此输入p显示磁盘信息
Disk /dev/vdc: 100 GiB, 107374182400 bytes, 209715200 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disklabel type: dos
Disk identifier: 0xa27d51e2

Device     Boot Start       End   Sectors  Size Id Type
/dev/vdc1        2048 209715199 209713152  100G 8e Linux LVM

Command (m for help): w   #保存
The partition table has been altered.
Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
Syncing disks.

3、创建物理卷PV

（1）、查看是否分好区

[root@xs-database-29 data]# lsblk 
NAME              MAJ:MIN RM  SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
vda               253:0    0   40G  0 disk 
└─vda1            253:1    0   40G  0 part /
vdb               253:16   0  100G  0 disk 
└─vdb1            253:17   0  100G  0 part 
  └─vgdata-lvdata 252:0    0  100G  0 lvm  /data
vdc               253:32   0  100G  0 disk 
└─vdc1            253:33   0  100G  0 part 

（2）、创建物理卷

[root@xs-database-29 data]# pvcreate /dev/vdc1    
Physical volume "/dev/vdc1" successfully created.

（3）、查看物理卷创建情况

[root@xs-database-29 data]# pvdisplay
  --- Physical volume ---
  PV Name               /dev/vdb1
  VG Name               vgdata
  PV Size               <100.00 GiB / not usable <3.97 MiB
  Allocatable           yes (but full)
  PE Size               4.00 MiB
  Total PE              25599
  Free PE               0
  Allocated PE          25599
  PV UUID               L86lPR-EnXK-g3vW-IUVX-6WtG-ecz1-BonjsC
   
  "/dev/vdc1" is a new physical volume of "<100.00 GiB"
  --- NEW Physical volume ---
  PV Name               /dev/vdc1      #显示了刚刚创建的物理卷
  VG Name               
  PV Size               <100.00 GiB
  Allocatable           NO
  PE Size               0   
  Total PE              0
  Free PE               0
  Allocated PE          0
  PV UUID               qBdN9B-epP7-SWYM-Mmef-HPmQ-9Xsi-yWc3wg

（4）、将物理卷PV加入卷组VG

1、查看卷组情况
[root@xs-database-29 data]# vgdisplay
  --- Volume group ---
  VG Name               vgdata  #卷组名字
  System ID             
  Format                lvm2
  Metadata Areas        1
  Metadata Sequence No  2
  VG Access             read/write
  VG Status             resizable
  MAX LV                0
  Cur LV                1
  Open LV               1
  Max PV                0
  Cur PV                1
  Act PV                1
  VG Size               <100.00 GiB
  PE Size               4.00 MiB
  Total PE              25599
  Alloc PE / Size       25599 / <100.00 GiB
  Free  PE / Size       0 / 0   
  VG UUID               QmL2eY-WCQe-9vxK-RdSb-enxz-M1hD-C05Zdo
  
  
  
 2、 将新的分区/dev/vdc1加入到卷组中，这里的卷组名为vgdata中
 [root@xs-database-29 data]# vgextend vgdata /dev/vdc1 
  scan_dev_close /dev/vdc1 no DEV_IN_BCACHE set
  scan_dev_close /dev/vdc1 already closed
  Volume group "vgdata" successfully extended

（5）、添加完成后再次查看卷组信息

[root@xs-database-29 data]# vgdisplay
  --- Volume group ---
  VG Name               vgdata
  System ID             
  Format                lvm2
  Metadata Areas        2
  Metadata Sequence No  3
  VG Access             read/write
  VG Status             resizable
  MAX LV                0
  Cur LV                1
  Open LV               1
  Max PV                0
  Cur PV                2
  Act PV                2
  VG Size               199.99 GiB  ####容量增加了100GB
  PE Size               4.00 MiB
  Total PE              51198
  Alloc PE / Size       25599 / <100.00 GiB
  Free  PE / Size       25599 / <100.00 GiB
  VG UUID               QmL2eY-WCQe-9vxK-RdSb-enxz-M1hD-C05Zdo

（6）、扩容已有分区

下面是对现有分区进行逻辑卷扩容，我们这里根分区为100G，我们准备扩容/data分区 查看根分区的LV路径 /dev/mapper/vgdata-lvdata

root@xs-database-29 data]# df -h
Filesystem                 Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
devtmpfs                    16G     0   16G   0% /dev
tmpfs                       16G  252K   16G   1% /dev/shm
tmpfs                       16G  386M   15G   3% /run
tmpfs                       16G     0   16G   0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/vda1                   40G  7.8G   30G  21% /
tmpfs                       16G  4.0K   16G   1% /tmp
tmpfs                      3.1G     0  3.1G   0% /run/user/0
/dev/mapper/vgdata-lvdata  100G   75G   26G  75% /data

下面进行扩容

[root@xs-database-29 data]# lvextend -l +100%FREE /dev/mapper/vgdata-lvdata
Size of logical volume vgdata/lvdata changed from <100.00 GiB (25599 extents) to 199.99 GiB (51198 extents).    
Logical volume vgdata/lvdata successfully resized.

（7）、查看扩容后的逻辑卷大小

[root@xs-database-29 data]# lvdisplay /dev/mapper/vgdata-lvdata
  --- Logical volume ---
  LV Path                /dev/vgdata/lvdata
  LV Name                lvdata
  VG Name                vgdata
  LV UUID                JOLarw-lNqh-uBto-ivr8-y7C2-9mGA-DtPdiM
  LV Write Access        read/write
  LV Creation host, time xh-databases-29, 2024-04-29 11:40:15 +0800
  LV Status              available
  # open                 1
  LV Size                199.99 GiB
  Current LE             51198
  Segments               2
  Allocation             inherit
  Read ahead sectors     auto
  - currently set to     8192
  Block device           252:0

（8）、使用xfs_groupfs进行在线调整xfs格式的文件系统大小

[root@xs-database-29 data]# xfs_growfs /dev/mapper/vgdata-lvdata
meta-data=/dev/mapper/vgdata-lvdata isize=512    agcount=4, agsize=6553344 blks
         =                       sectsz=512   attr=2, projid32bit=1
         =                       crc=1        finobt=1, sparse=1, rmapbt=0
         =                       reflink=1
data     =                       bsize=4096   blocks=26213376, imaxpct=25
         =                       sunit=0      swidth=0 blks
naming   =version 2              bsize=4096   ascii-ci=0, ftype=1
log      =internal log           bsize=4096   blocks=12799, version=2
         =                       sectsz=512   sunit=0 blks, lazy-count=1
realtime =none                   extsz=4096   blocks=0, rtextents=0
data blocks changed from 26213376 to 52426752

##data blocks changed from 26213376 to 52426752 表示文件系统数据块的数量已经从26213376个扩展到52426752个，即文件系统已成功扩展。

(8.1)、xfs_groupfs调整报错

：xfs_growfs: /dev/mapper/ubuntu--vg-ubuntu--lv is not a mounted XFS filesystem

*解决方法：

resize2fs /dev/mapper/ubuntu--vg-ubuntu--lv

(9)、最后查看下根分区的大小是否扩容成功

[root@xs-database-29 data]# df -h
Filesystem                 Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
devtmpfs                    16G     0   16G   0% /dev
tmpfs                       16G  252K   16G   1% /dev/shm
tmpfs                       16G  386M   15G   3% /run
tmpfs                       16G     0   16G   0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/vda1                   40G  7.8G   30G  21% /
tmpfs                       16G  4.0K   16G   1% /tmp
tmpfs                      3.1G     0  3.1G   0% /run/user/0
/dev/mapper/vgdata-lvdata  200G   76G  125G  38% /data