Oracle11g温习-第六章:控制文件

2013年4月27日 星期六

10:33

 

 1、控制文件的功能和特点

    1) 【定义数据库当前物理状态】

    2) 【维护数据的一致性】  如果控制文件中的检查点与数据文件中的一致,则说明数据一致,可以启动到open状态

    3) 【很小的二进制文件】  

    4)【控制文件包括静态部分、动态部分  当使用rman备份数据库的时候, 控制文件会记录catalog信息, 动态部分会增大 】

      

查看数据一致性的方法:

 

SQL> select file#,checkpoint_change# from v$datafile;【从控制文件读取】   以控制文件为主

 

     FILE# CHECKPOINT_CHANGE#

---------- ------------------

         1             172373

         2             172373

         3             172373

         4             172373

 

SQL> select file#,checkpoint_change# from v$datafile_header;【从数据文件读取】

 

     FILE# CHECKPOINT_CHANGE#

---------- ------------------

         1             172373

         2             172373

         3             172373

         4             172373

 

       3)二进制文件

       4)在mount阶段被读取 

       5)记录备份恢复信息

      

 ----------查看database控制文件位置:

 

SQL> show parameter control;                                                                                                    

 

NAME                                 TYPE        VALUE

------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------

control_file_record_keep_time        integer     7

control_files                        string      /u01/app/oracle/oradata/test/control01.ctl

 

SQL> select name from v$controlfile;                                                                                           

 

NAME

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

/u01/app/oracle/oradata/test/control01.ctl

 

SYS@ prod>select * from v$rollname;      查看undo 段

 

       USN NAME

---------- --------------------------------------------------

         0 SYSTEM

         1 _SYSSMU1$

         2 _SYSSMU2$

         3 _SYSSMU3$

         4 _SYSSMU4$

         5 _SYSSMU5$

         6 _SYSSMU6$

         7 _SYSSMU7$

         8 _SYSSMU8$

         9 _SYSSMU9$

        10 _SYSSMU10$                          

2、控制文件的内容

 

SQL> alter database backup controlfile to trace;【将控制文件备份成trace文件】

 

建议:只要对数据库的物理结构进行修改,都应该进行控制文件的备份或者转储

 

V$DATABASE               查看数据库信息

V$LOGFILE,V$LOG      查看日志信息

V$DATAFILE

V$CONTROLFILE         查看控制文件

 

 

SQL> show parameter dump

 

 user_dump_dest                       string      /u01/app/oracle/admin/orcl/udump

 

 

                                                

重建控制文件    

 SQL> CREATE CONTROLFILE REUSE DATABASE "orcl" NORESETLOGS  ARCHIVELOG

    MAXLOGFILES 16

    MAXLOGMEMBERS 3

    MAXDATAFILES 100

    MAXINSTANCES 1

    MAXLOGHISTORY 292

LOGFILE

  GROUP 1 (

    '/disk2/orcl/oradata/redo01a.log',

    '/disk1/orcl/oradata/redo01b.log'

  ) SIZE 10M,

  GROUP 2 (

    '/disk2/orcl/oradata/redo02a.log',

    '/disk1/orcl/oradata/redo02b.log'

  ) SIZE 10M

-- STANDBY LOGFILE

DATAFILE

  '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/system01.dbf',

  '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/sysaux01.dbf',

  '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/user01.dbf',

  '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/undo01.dbf',

CHARACTER SET ZHS16GBK;

------------利用ORACLE EVENT 转储 控制文件

 

SQL> alter session set events 'immediate trace name controlf level 12';

 3控制文件多元化(复制多个控制文件并存放到不同的磁盘 注意 控制文件3个足够不宜太多 如果太多的话oracle 实时同步控制文件 需要做物理i/o 消耗系统性能

spfile:查看控制文件信息并修改control_file参数,将新增的控制文件路径写上;关闭实例,复制控制文件到相应路径;重新启动实例。

pfile:关闭实例,修改参数文件init;拷贝控制文件;重新启动实例。

 

修改spfile文件,增加控制文件

 1)查看控制文件信息和spfile 信息

    

     SQL> select name from v$controlfile;

 

NAME

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/control01.ctl

   

   SQL> show parameter control

 

NAME                                 TYPE        VALUE

------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------

control_file_record_keep_time        integer     7

control_files                        string      /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/control01.ctl

 

SQL> show parameter spfile;

 

NAME                                 TYPE        VALUE

------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------

spfile                               string      /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/dbs/spfileorcl.ora

 

2)修改control_files 参数

   

SQL> alter system set control_files=  '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/control01.ctl','/disk1/orcl/oradata/control02.ctl' scope=spfile;

 

System altered.

 

3)关闭instance ,拷贝controlfile

   SQL> shutdown immediate

 

Database closed.

Database dismounted.

ORACLE instance shut down.

 

[oracle@oracle ~]$ cp /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/control01.ctl     /disk1/orcl/oradata/control02.ctl

 

4)startup 启动实例

   

SQL>   startup

SQL> select name from v$controlfile;

 

NAME

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/control01.ctl

/disk1/orcl/oradata/control02.ctl

 

修改pfile文件增加控制文件:

1)关闭实例,修改init 文件

   

SQL> startup pfile=$ORACLE_HOME/dbs/initorcl.ora

 

ORACLE instance started.

 

Total System Global Area  176160768 bytes

Fixed Size                  1218364 bytes

Variable Size              88082628 bytes

Database Buffers           83886080 bytes

Redo Buffers                2973696 bytes

Database mounted.

Database opened.

 

SQL> show parameter spfile;

 

NAME                                 TYPE        VALUE

------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------

spfile                               string

 

SQL> select name from v$controlfile;

 

NAME

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/control01.ctl

 

SQL> shutdown immediate

 

Database closed.

Database dismounted.

ORACLE instance shut down.

  

[oracle@oracle ~]$ cd $ORACLE_HOME/dbs

 

[oracle@oracle dbs]$ vi initorcl.ora

 

修改如下

control_files = /disk1/orcl/oradata/control01.ctl,/disk1/orcl/oradata/control02.ctl,/disk2/orcl/oradata/control03.ctl

 

2)拷贝controlfile

 

[oracle@oracle dbs]$ cp $ORACLE_BASE/oradata/orcl/control01.ctl     /disk1/orcl/oradata/control02.ctl

[oracle@oracle dbs]$ cp $ORACLE_BASE/oradata/orcl/control01.ctl     /disk2/orcl/oradata/control03.ctl

 

3)startup

 

     SQL> startup pfile=$ORACLE_HOME/dbs/initorcl.ora;

 

ORACLE instance started.

 

Total System Global Area  176160768 bytes

Fixed Size                  1218364 bytes

Variable Size              88082628 bytes

Database Buffers           83886080 bytes

Redo Buffers                2973696 bytes

Database mounted.

Database opened.

 

SQL> show parameter spfile

 

NAME                                 TYPE        VALUE

------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------

spfile                               string

 

SQL> select name from v$controlfile;

 

NAME

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/control01.ctl

/disk1/orcl/oradata/control02.ctl

/disk2/orcl/oradata/control03.ctl

 

SQL> create spfile from pfile;

 

File created.

   

 

4、控制文件查看:v$controlfile show parameter controlfile v$parameter

5、控制文件备份

 

1)trace :用于控制文件重建 (生成的trace 文件在udump)

 

          SQL> alter database backup controlfile to trace;

 

Database altered.           

   

    2)binary 文件 :控制文件的备份

 

          SQL> alter database backup controlfile to '/disk1/orcl/oradata/control.bak';

 

Database altered.

 

6、控制文件恢复

 

单个文件丢失:

    

[oracle@oracle dbs]$ rm /disk2/orcl/oradata/control03.ctl

 

[oracle@oracle dbs]$ sqlplus '/as sysdba'

 

SQL*Plus: Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on Mon Aug 1 06:14:54 2011

 

Copyright (c) 1982, 2005, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

 

Connected to an idle instance.

 

SQL> startup

ORACLE instance started.

 

Total System Global Area  176160768 bytes

Fixed Size                  1218364 bytes

Variable Size              88082628 bytes

Database Buffers           83886080 bytes

Redo Buffers                2973696 bytes

ORA-00205: error in identifying control file, check alert log for more info

 

通过告警日志获得信息:

 

ALTER DATABASE   MOUNT

Mon Aug  1 06:14:57 2011

ORA-00202: control file: '/disk2/orcl/oradata/control03.ctl'

ORA-27037: unable to obtain file status

Linux Error: 2: No such file or directory

Additional information: 3

 

 

 

SQL> shutdown

 

ORA-01507: database not mounted

 

 

ORACLE instance shut down.

 

SQL> !

 

[oracle@oracle dbs]$ cp /disk1/orcl/oradata/control02.ctl        /disk2/orcl/oradata/control03.ctl

[oracle@oracle dbs]$ sqlplus '/as sysdba'

 

SQL*Plus: Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on Mon Aug 1 06:15:36 2011

 

Copyright (c) 1982, 2005, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

 

Connected to an idle instance.

 

06:15:37 SQL> startup

ORACLE instance started.

 

Total System Global Area  176160768 bytes

Fixed Size                  1218364 bytes

Variable Size              88082628 bytes

Database Buffers           83886080 bytes

Redo Buffers                2973696 bytes

Database mounted.

Database opened.

SQL> select name from v$controlfile;

 

NAME

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/control01.ctl

/disk1/orcl/oradata/control02.ctl

/disk2/orcl/oradata/control03.ctl

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

案例  

 

    

所有的文件丢失:

 【先改变数据库的物理文件,然后备份到trace和二进制文件,然后又对数据进行修改,然后删除所有的控制文件

 

SQL> shutdown immediate

 

Database closed.

Database dismounted.

ORACLE instance shut down.

 

SQL> !

 

[oracle@oracle dbs]$ rm /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/control01.ctl

[oracle@oracle dbs]$ rm /disk1/orcl/oradata/control02.ctl

[oracle@oracle dbs]$ rm /disk2/orcl/oradata/control03.ctl

 

[oracle@oracle dbs]$ sqlplus '/as sysdba'

 

SQL*Plus: Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on Mon Aug 1 06:17:51 2011

 

Copyright (c) 1982, 2005, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

 

Connected to an idle instance.

 

SQL> startup;

 

ORACLE instance started.

 

Total System Global Area  176160768 bytes

Fixed Size                  1218364 bytes

Variable Size              88082628 bytes

Database Buffers           83886080 bytes

Redo Buffers                2973696 bytes

ORA-00205: error in identifying control file, check alert log for more info

 

告警日志:

ALTER DATABASE   MOUNT

Mon Aug  1 06:17:54 2011

ORA-00202: control file: '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/control01.ctl'

ORA-27037: unable to obtain file status

Linux Error: 2: No such file or directory

Additional information: 3

Mon Aug  1 06:17:54 2011

 

 利用trace 文件重建

 nomount 状态   一定要正常关库 .

 SQL>CREATE CONTROLFILE REUSE DATABASE "orclgps" RESETLOGS  NOARCHIVELOG

    MAXLOGFILES 16

    MAXLOGMEMBERS 2

    MAXDATAFILES 30

    MAXINSTANCES 1

    MAXLOGHISTORY 292

LOGFILE

  GROUP 1 '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/redo01a.log'  SIZE 10M,

  GROUP 2 '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/redo02a.log'  SIZE 10M

-- STANDBY LOGFILE

DATAFILE

  '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/system01.dbf',

  '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/rtbs01.dbf',

  '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/sysaux01.dbf',

  '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/user01.dbf',

  '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/example01.dbf',

  '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/indx01.dbf',

  '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/OLTP01.DBF'

CHARACTER SET ZHS16GBK

 

Control file created.

 

NORESETLOGS   不会重置日志文件可以做完全恢复

 

Set   如果修改数据库名字修要添加 SET  DATABASE ‘DATABASENAME’   RESETLOGS    注意修改初始化参数文件 db_name 

 

SQL> alter database open resetlogs;

 

Database altered.

 

   

  

非正常关库,重建控制文件

SQL> insert into scott.test values (10);                                                                                       

 

1 row created.

 

SQL> insert into scott.test values (11);                                                                                        

 

1 row created.

 

SQL> commit;                                                                                                                   

 

Commit complete.

 

SQL> alter system switch logfile;       产生增量检查点

                                                                             

System altered.

 

SQL> shutdown abort  ;         database 异常关闭                                                                                    

ORACLE instance shut down.

                                                                                                                  

[oracle@work dbs]$ rm /disk1/oradata/test/control02.ctl

[oracle@work dbs]$ rm /disk2/oradata/test/control03.ctl

[oracle@work dbs]$ rm /u01/app/oracle/oradata/test/control01.ctl

[oracle@work dbs]$ !sql

sqlplus / as sysdba

 

SQL*Plus: Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on Sat Aug 27 00:44:11 2011

 

Copyright (c) 1982, 2005, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

 

Connected to an idle instance.

 

SQL> startup                                                                                                                   

ORACLE instance started.

 

Total System Global Area  176160768 bytes

Fixed Size                  1218364 bytes

Variable Size              88082628 bytes

Database Buffers           83886080 bytes

Redo Buffers                2973696 bytes

ORA-00205: error in identifying control file, check alert log for more info

 

 

SQL> @/home/oracle/control.sql       ;

                                                                                           

SQL> CREATE CONTROLFILE REUSE DATABASE "TEST" NORESETLOGS  NOARCHIVELOG

     MAXLOGFILES 16

     MAXLOGMEMBERS 4

     MAXDATAFILES 100

    MAXINSTANCES 1

      MAXLOGHISTORY 20

  LOGFILE

    GROUP 1 '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/test/redo01a.log'  SIZE 10M,

    GROUP 2 '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/test/redo02a.log'  SIZE 10M,

   GROUP 3 '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/test/redo03a.log'  SIZE 10M

-- STANDBY LOGFILE

  DATAFILE

    '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/test/system01.dbf',

   '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/test/rtbs01.dbf',

    '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/test/sysaux01.dbf',

   '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/test/users01.dbf'

  CHARACTER SET ZHS16GBK

  ;

 

Control file created.

 

SQL> select checkpoint_change# from v$database;                                                                                

 

CHECKPOINT_CHANGE#

------------------

            325588

 

SQL> select checkpoint_change# from v$datafile;                                                                                 

 

CHECKPOINT_CHANGE#

------------------

            325588

            325588

            325588

            325588

 

SQL> select checkpoint_change# from v$datafile_header;                                                                          

 

CHECKPOINT_CHANGE#

------------------

            325588

            325588

            325588

            325588

 

SQL> alter database open;                                                                                                       

alter database open

*

ERROR at line 1:

ORA-01113: file 1 needs media recovery

ORA-01110: data file 1: '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/test/system01.dbf'

 

 

SQL> archive log list;                                                                                                          

Database log mode              No Archive Mode

Automatic archival             Disabled

Archive destination            /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/dbs/arch

Oldest online log sequence     57

Current log sequence           59

 

SQL> recover database until cancel;  或者

SQL> recover database until cancel using backup controlfile;     

                                                                                       

ORA-00279: change 325588 generated at 08/27/2011 00:43:36 needed for thread 1

ORA-00289: suggestion : /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/dbs/arch1_59_759630389.dbf

ORA-00280: change 325588 for thread 1 is in sequence #59

 

 

00:45:43 Specify log: {<RET>=suggested | filename | AUTO | CANCEL}

cancel                                                                                                                                   

ORA-01547: warning: RECOVER succeeded but OPEN RESETLOGS would get error below

ORA-01194: file 1 needs more recovery to be consistent

ORA-01110: data file 1: '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/test/system01.dbf'

 

 

ORA-01112: media recovery not started

 

--------通过当前redo 日志进行database recover

SQL> select * from v$log;                                                                                                       

 

    GROUP#    THREAD#  SEQUENCE#      BYTES    MEMBERS ARC STATUS           FIRST_CHANGE# FIRST_TIM

---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- --- ---------------- ------------- ---------

         1          1         58   10485760          1 NO  INACTIVE                325585 27-AUG-11

         3          1         57   10485760          1 NO  INACTIVE                325583 27-AUG-11

         2          1         59   10485760          1 NO  CURRENT                 325588 27-AUG-11

 

SQL> select group# ,member from v$logfile;                                                                                     

 

    GROUP# MEMBER

---------- --------------------------------------------------

         2 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/test/redo02a.log

         1 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/test/redo01a.log

         3 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/test/redo03a.log

 

SQL> recover database until cancel;                                                                                             

ORA-00279: change 325588 generated at 08/27/2011 00:43:36 needed for thread 1

ORA-00289: suggestion : /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/dbs/arch1_59_759630389.dbf

ORA-00280: change 325588 for thread 1 is in sequence #59

 

 

00:46:23 Specify log: {<RET>=suggested | filename | AUTO | CANCEL}

/u01/app/oracle/oradata/test/redo02a.log                                                                                                

Log applied.

Media recovery complete.

 

SQL> alter database open resetlogs;                                                                                             

 

Database altered.

 

SQL> select * from scott.test;                                                                                                 

 

        ID

----------

         1

         2

         3

         4

         5

         6

         7

         9

        10

        11

 

10 rows selected.

 

 

TRACE文件、BAK文件、dump文件的区别

1、trace文件里面是控制文件的重建脚本,当数据库的物理结构发生变化时就要trace一下,否则会丢失,恢复时要使用最新的。

2、bak文件是controlfile的副本,里面包含检查点等所有的信息,用他备份会出现数据不一致的情况,数据库不能打开到open状态。

3、dump文件是用来查看controlfile里面的内容的,不能用来恢复控制文件。

 

posted @ 2017-09-15 09:41  Oracle-fans  阅读(373)  评论(0编辑  收藏  举报