Oracle11g温习-第四章:手工建库

 

 1create database plan

 1、库类型:

  OLTP :  在线事务处理系统

  OLAP : 在线应用处理系统

  DSS :    数据决策系统

 

 2、数据库名字及字符集

 3、存储空间

 4、数据库的物理和逻辑的结构以及存储结构

 为什么用户oracle 执行 ‘ sqlplus  /  as  sysdba ‘    就可登录数据库                

 

Oracle  的用户组主组是oinstall   所以  可使用    /as  sysdba 登录数据库      如果把用户组改掉   则登录失效 报错:  权限不足

 ‘ sqlplus    aaaa/bbbbb  as  sysdba ‘     前后的用户名 密码 无关紧要  

            

 

2建库的准备

 

  1. 建立口令文件,用于sys用户远程登录的认证(remote_login_passwordfile=exclusive),位置 $ORACLE_HOME/dbs/orapwSID.       
  2.  创建命令: orapwd

 

[oracle@work dbs]$ orapwd file=orapwprod password=oracle entries=5 force=y

       Entries   最多可以把 sys 的权限授权给几个用户

 

remote_login_passwordfile            

   

1)   none            拒绝sys用户从远程连接`

2)    exclusive    允许sys用户从远程连接

3)    share 多个库可以共享口令文件

 

SQL>ALTER SYSTEM SET remote_login_passwordfile=NONE SCOPE=SPFILE 【拒绝远程登录】

      remote_login_passwordfile              

    1)   none            拒绝sys用户从远程连接`

    2)    exclusive    允许sys用户从远程连接

    3)    share 多个库可以共享口令文件

     

 

 

  1. 创建init parameter 文件

 

[oracle@oracle dbs]$more initdw.ora |grep -v '^#'|grep -v '^$' >initcuug.ora

 

       建立目录

[oracle@oracle dbs]$ mkdir -p $ORACLE_BASE/admin/cuug

 [oracle@oracle dbs]$ mkdir   bdump cdump  udump  adump

[oracle@oracle dbs]$ mkdir -p $ORACLE_BASE/oradata/cuug                                     【存放数据文件  控制文件的位置】

 

      修改初始化参数文件

 

           [oracle@oracle dbs]$ vi initcuug.ora

 

db_name = cuug

sga_target = 300M

db_block_size = 8192

pga_aggregate_target = 30M                               

db_cache_size = 80M                              

shared_pool_size = 60M                                

parallel_threads_per_cpu = 4                                

optimizer_mode = choose

star_transformation_enabled = true

db_file_multiblock_read_count = 16

query_rewrite_enabled = true

query_rewrite_integrity = trusted

background_dump_dest = $ORACLE_BASE/admin/cuug/bdump

user_dump_dest = $ORACLE_BASE/admin/cuug/udump

core_dump_dest = $ORACLE_BASE/admin/cuug/cdump

control_files = $ORACLE_BASE/oradata/cuug/control01.ctl

undo_management = auto

undo_tablespace = undotbs

 

3)建立建库脚本

           

1、库名

2、表空间及数据文件的位置和大小

3、redo 日志文件的位置和大小

4、字符集

             

  1. 建库脚本:vi  ct_db.sql

 

CREATE DATABASE cuug

   USER SYS IDENTIFIED BY oracle

   USER SYSTEM IDENTIFIED BY oracle

   LOGFILE

GROUP 1 ('/u01/app/oracle/oradata/cuug/redo01.log') SIZE 100M,

           GROUP 2 ('/u01/app/oracle/oradata/cuug/redo02.log') SIZE 100M,

           GROUP 3 ('/u01/app/oracle/oradata/cuug/redo03.log') SIZE 100M

   MAXLOGFILES 10

   MAXLOGMEMBERS 5

   MAXLOGHISTORY 1

   MAXDATAFILES 100

   MAXINSTANCES 1

   CHARACTER SET zhs16gbk

   NATIONAL CHARACTER SET AL16UTF16

   DATAFILE   '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/cuug/system01.dbf' SIZE 350M REUSE                          默认system 表空间至少300m

   EXTENT MANAGEMENT LOCAL(启动本地管理空闲区)

   SYSAUX DATAFILE '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/cuug/sysaux01.dbf' SIZE 100M REUSE

   DEFAULT TEMPORARY TABLESPACE temp                                                                                            注意格式

      TEMPFILE '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/cuug/temp01.dbf'

      SIZE 20M REUSE

   UNDO TABLESPACE undotbs                                                                     【这个名字要和初始化文件的一致】

      DATAFILE '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/cuug /undotbs01.dbf'

      SIZE 100M REUSE AUTOEXTEND ON MAXSIZE UNLIMITED;

【根据自己的实际需求更改】

 

告警日志信息:

 

create tablespace SYSTEM datafile  '$ORACLE_BASE/oradata/test/system01.dbf' size 400m

 

  default storage (initial 10K next 10K) online

Sat Aug 20 00:26:34 2011

Completed: create tablespace SYSTEM datafile  '$ORACLE_BASE/oradata/test/system01.dbf' size 400m

  default storage (initial 10K next 10K) EXTENT MANAGEMENT DICTIONARY online

Sat Aug 20 00:26:34 2011

create rollback segment SYSTEM tablespace SYSTEM

  storage (initial 50K next 50K)

Completed: create rollback segment SYSTEM tablespace SYSTEM

  storage (initial 50K next 50K)

Sat Aug 20 00:26:49 2011

Thread 1 advanced to log sequence 2

  Current log# 2 seq# 2 mem# 0: /u01/app/oracle/oradata/test/redo02a.log

Sat Aug 20 00:26:50 2011

CREATE UNDO TABLESPACE RTBS DATAFILE  '$ORACLE_BASE/oradata/test/rtbs01.dbf' size 100m

 

Sat Aug 20 00:26:51 2011

Successfully onlined Undo Tablespace 1.

Completed: CREATE UNDO TABLESPACE RTBS DATAFILE  '$ORACLE_BASE/oradata/test/rtbs01.dbf' size 100m

Sat Aug 20 00:26:51 2011

create tablespace SYSAUX datafile  '$ORACLE_BASE/oradata/test/sysaux01.dbf' size 100m

 

  EXTENT MANAGEMENT LOCAL SEGMENT SPACE MANAGEMENT AUTO online

Completed: create tablespace SYSAUX datafile  '$ORACLE_BASE/oradata/test/sysaux01.dbf' size 100m

  EXTENT MANAGEMENT LOCAL SEGMENT SPACE MANAGEMENT AUTO online

Sat Aug 20 00:26:54 2011

CREATE TEMPORARY TABLESPACE TEMP TEMPFILE  '$ORACLE_BASE/oradata/test/temp01.dbf' size 100m

 

Completed: CREATE TEMPORARY TABLESPACE TEMP TEMPFILE  '$ORACLE_BASE/oradata/test/temp01.dbf' size 100m

Sat Aug 20 00:26:55 2011

ALTER DATABASE DEFAULT TEMPORARY TABLESPACE TEMP

Completed: ALTER DATABASE DEFAULT TEMPORARY TABLESPACE TEMP

Sat Aug 20 00:26:55 2011

ALTER DATABASE DEFAULT TABLESPACE SYSTEM

Completed: ALTER DATABASE DEFAULT TABLESPACE SYSTEM

Sat Aug 20 00:27:01 2011

SMON: enabling tx recovery

Sat Aug 20 00:27:02 2011

Threshold validation cannot be done before catproc is loaded.

replication_dependency_tracking turned off (no async multimaster replication found)

Starting background process QMNC

QMNC started with pid=13, OS id=6485

Sat Aug 20 00:27:03 2011

Completed: create database test

 user sys identified by **user system identified by *datafile '$ORACLE_BASE/oradata/test/system01.dbf' size 400m

sysaux datafile '$ORACLE_BASE/oradata/test/sysaux01.dbf' size 100m

undo tablespace rtbs datafile '$ORACLE_BASE/oradata/test/rtbs01.dbf' size 100m

default temporary tablespace temp tempfile '$ORACLE_BASE/oradata/test/temp01.dbf' size 100m

logfile

  group 1 '$ORACLE_BASE/oradata/test/redo01a.log' size 10m,

  group 2 '$ORACLE_BASE/oradata/test/redo02a.log' size 10m,

  group 3 '$ORACLE_BASE/oradata/test/redo03a.log' size 10m

character set zhs16gbk

 

2export  ORACLE_SID=cuug

3)启动数据库到nomount状态,startup nomount

4)启动告警日志  tail -f /$ORACLE_BASE/admin/cuug/bdump/alert_cuug.log

5)运行建库脚本:@/export/home/oracle/ct_db.sql          

4)建立数据字典

 

   创建数据字典脚本:vi  ct_dict.sql            

@$ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/admin/catalog.sql           创建数据字典 系统提供的相关表 和视图            

@$ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/admin/catproc.sql           创建系统提供的存数过程和 包

conn system/oracle

@$ORACLE_HOME/sqlplus/admin/pupbld.sql        

@$ORACLE_HOME /rdbms/admin/utlsampl.sql          创建用户 scott  使用系统提供的 模板      

     

 执行数据字典脚本:@/export/home/oracle/ct_dict.sql

 

5)创建users 表空间,作为普通用户的默认表空间

 

 SQL> select tablespace_name from dba_tablespaces;【如果执行不成功,说明上一步有问题】

 

TABLESPACE_NAME

------------------------------

SYSTEM

RTBS

SYSAUX

TEMP

 

SQL> select file_id,file_name,tablespace_name from dba_data_files;

 

   FILE_ID FILE_NAME                                          TABLESPA

---------- -------------------------------------------------- --------

         1 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/system01.dbf          SYSTEM

         2 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/undotbs01.dbf         UNDOTBS

         3 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/sysaux01.dbf          SYSAUX        

        

SQL> create tablespace users      datafile '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/user01.dbf' size 100m;【创建表空间】

SQL> select * from database_properties;   【查看数据库的属性】

SQL>  alter database default tablespace users;【修改oracle数据库的默认表空间】

SQL>  select file_id,file_name,tablespace_name from dba_data_files;【查看数据文件】

 

   FILE_ID FILE_NAME                                          TABLESPACE_NAME

---------- -------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------

         1 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/cuug/system01.dbf          SYSTEM

         2 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/cuug/rtbs01.dbf            RTBS

         3 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/cuug/sysaux01.dbf          SYSAUX

         4 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/cuug/user01.dbf            USERS

 

SQL> select file_name,file_id,tablespace_name from dba_temp_files;【查看临时表空间,临时表不和数据文件放在一起】

 

FILE_NAME                                             FILE_ID TABLESPACE_NAME

-------------------------------------------------- ---------- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

/u01/app/oracle/oradata/cuug/temp01.dbf                     1 TEMP

 

SQL> select username,default_tablespace,temporary_tablespace from dba_users;【查看用户的默认表空间】

USERNAME        DEFAULT_TABLESP TEMPORARY_TABLESPACE

--------------- --------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

OUTLN           SYSTEM          TEMP

SYS             SYSTEM          TEMP

SYSTEM          SYSTEM          TEMP

SCOTT           USERS           TEMP

TOM             USERS           TEMP

DBSNMP          SYSAUX          TEMP

TSMSYS          USERS           TEMP

DIP             USERS           TEMP

 

          

 

posted @ 2017-09-15 09:12  Oracle-fans  阅读(220)  评论(0编辑  收藏  举报