Splay 伸展树
废话不说,有篇论文可供参考:杨思雨:《伸展树的基本操作与应用》
Splay的好处可以快速分裂和合并。
===============================14.07.26更新=============================
实在看不惯那充满bug的指针树了!动不动就re!动不动就re!调试调个老半天,谁有好的调试技巧为T_T
好不容易写了个模板splay出来,指针的,好写,核心代码rotate和splay能压缩到10行。
#include <cstdio> using namespace std; class Splay { public: //这个版本的splay会更改null的fa和ch,但是对结果没影响,这点要牢记(其实处理好rot里的fa->fa->setc那里就行了,也就是特判一下) struct node { node* ch[2], *fa; int key, size; node() { ch[0]=ch[1]=fa=0; key=size=0; } void pushup() { size=ch[0]->size+ch[1]->size+1; } bool d() { return fa->ch[1]==this; } void setc(node* c, bool d) { ch[d]=c; c->fa=this; } }*null, * root; Splay() { null=new node; null->ch[0]=null->ch[1]=null->fa=null; root=null; } void rot(node* rt) { node* fa=rt->fa; bool d=rt->d(); fa->fa->setc(rt, fa->d()); //这里要注意,因为d()返回的是路径,所以不要高反了。 fa->setc(rt->ch[!d], d); rt->setc(fa, !d); fa->pushup(); if(root==fa) root=rt; } node* newnode(const int &key) { node* ret=new node(); ret->key=key; ret->size=1; ret->ch[0]=ret->ch[1]=ret->fa=null; return ret; } void splay(node* rt, node* fa) { while(rt->fa!=fa) if(rt->fa->fa==fa) rot(rt); else rt->d()==rt->fa->d()?(rot(rt->fa), rot(rt)):(rot(rt), rot(rt)); rt->pushup(); } void insert(const int &key) { if(root==null) { root=newnode(key); return; } node* t=root; while(t->ch[key>t->key]!=null) t=t->ch[key>t->key]; node* c=newnode(key); t->setc(c, key>t->key); t->pushup(); splay(c, null); } void remove(const int &key) { //remove是各种坑,各种注意细节判断null node* t=root; while(t!=null && t->key!=key) t=t->ch[key>t->key]; if(t==null) return; splay(t, null); node* rt=root->ch[0]; if(rt==null) rt=root->ch[1]; else { node* m=rt->ch[1]; while(m!=null && m->ch[1]!=null) m=m->ch[1]; if(m!=null) splay(m, root); rt=root->ch[0]; rt->setc(root->ch[1], 1); } delete root; root=rt; root->fa=null; if(root!=null) root->pushup(); //这里一定要注意,因为咱这是会修改null的孩子的!! } int rank(const int &key, node* rt) { if(rt==null) return 0; int s=rt->ch[0]->size+1; if(key==rt->key) return s; if(key>rt->key) return s+rank(key, rt->ch[1]); else return rank(key, rt->ch[0]); } node* select(const int &k, node* rt) { if(rt==null) return null; int s=rt->ch[0]->size+1; if(s==k) return rt; if(k>s) return select(k-s, rt->ch[1]); else return select(k, rt->ch[0]); } }; int main() { return 0; }
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上代码(指针版,可能有潜在bug)
#include <iostream> #include <string> using namespace std; #define F(rt) rt-> pa #define K(rt) rt-> key #define CH(rt, d) rt-> ch[d] #define C(rt, d) (K(rt) > d ? 0 : 1) #define NEW(d) new Splay(d) #define PRE(rt) F(rt) = CH(rt, 0) = CH(rt, 1) = null struct Splay { Splay* ch[2], *pa; int key; Splay(int d = 0) : key(d) { ch[0] = ch[1] = pa = NULL; } }; typedef Splay* tree; tree null = new Splay, root = null; void rot(tree& rt, int d) { tree k = CH(rt, d^1), u = F(rt); int flag = CH(u, 1) == rt; CH(rt, d^1) = CH(k, d); if(CH(k, d) != null) F(CH(k, d)) = rt; CH(k, d) = rt; F(rt) = k; rt = k; F(rt) = u; if(u != null) CH(u, flag) = k; //这里不能等于rt,否则会死的 } void splay(tree nod, tree& rt) { if(nod == null) return; tree pa = F(rt); //要先记录rt的父亲节点,因为rt会变的,所以判断条件里不能有rt while(F(nod) != pa) { if(F(nod) == rt) rot(rt, CH(rt, 0) == nod); //当这步完后,rt会改变 else { int d = CH(F(F(nod)), 0) == F(nod); //记录nod父亲是nod父亲的父亲的哪个儿子,1为左儿子,0为右儿子 int d2 = CH(F(nod), 0) == nod; //同上 if(d == d2) { rot(F(F(nod)), d); rot(F(nod), d2); } //当路线相同时,先转父亲的父亲,后转父亲 else { rot(F(nod), d2); rot(F(nod), d); } //当路线不同时,先转父亲,再转父亲的父亲 (在这里,第一次转后,F(nod)就是父亲的父亲了,因为第一次转后,nod改变了啦。) } } rt = nod; //在这里还要重新赋值给引用的指针,不然照样会死 } tree maxmin(tree rt, int d) { //d=0时找最小,d=1时找最大 if(rt == null) return null; while(CH(rt, d) != null) rt = CH(rt, d); return rt; } tree ps(tree rt, int d) { //d=0时找前驱,d=1时找后继 if(rt == null) return null; rt = CH(rt, d); return maxmin(rt, d^1); } tree search(tree& rt, int d) { if(rt == null) return null; tree t = rt; while(t != null && K(t) != d) t = CH(t, C(t, d)); splay(t, rt); //搜索到记得splay return t; } void insert(tree& rt, int d) { tree q = NULL, t = rt; while(t != null) q = t, t = CH(t, C(t, d)); t = new Splay(d); PRE(t); //初始化他的3个指针 if(q) F(t) = q, CH(q, C(q, d)) = t; //如果他有父亲,那么就要初始化他的父亲指针和他父亲的儿子指针 else rt = t; //如果没有,那么t就是以rt为根的这棵树的根 splay(t, rt); } void del(tree& rt, int d) { if(search(rt, d) == null) return; //搜索的这一次,如果有就顺便将他splay到根了,所以下面不需要再splay tree t = rt; //这个根就是要删除的 if(CH(t, 0) == null) t = CH(rt, 1); //如果没有左子女,就直接赋值喽 else { //如果有,就要将树的根设置为左子女最大元素,然后将右子树赋值为新树的右子女 t = CH(rt, 0); //t就是新根 splay(ps(rt, 0), t); //找到旧根的后继(其实就是新根的最大值)并设置为新树的根 CH(t, 1) = CH(rt, 1); //然后将右子树设置为原根的右子树 if(CH(rt, 1) != null) F(CH(rt, 1)) = t; //在这里,如果有这个右子树,还要将右子树的父亲指针设置为新根,否则又要挂 } delete rt; //删除 F(t) = null; //设置新根的父亲指针 rt = t; } void out(string str) { cout << str; } int main() { out("1: insert\n2: del\n3: search\n4: max\n5: min\n"); PRE(null); //一定记得初始化null指针的其它指针,使他们全部指向自己 int c, t; tree a; while(cin >> c) { switch(c) { case 1: cin >> t; insert(root, t); break; case 2: cin >> t; del(root, t); break; case 3: cin >> t; if(search(root, t) == null) out("Not here\n"); else out("Is here!\n"); break; case 4: a = maxmin(root, 1); if(a != null) cout << a-> key << endl; else out("Warn!\n"); break; case 5: a = maxmin(root, 0); if(a != null) cout << a-> key << endl; else out("Warn!\n"); break; default: break; } } return 0; }
另写了一个数组的,比指针的好写多了,而且很精简。
自底向上的splay,还没有自带回收内存,支持区间修改,区间求和的模板。(是http://www.wikioi.com/problem/1082/的题)
#include <cstdio> using namespace std; #define K(x) key[x] #define S(x) size[x] #define C(x, d) ch[x][d] #define F(x) fa[x] #define L(x) ch[x][0] #define R(x) ch[x][1] #define keytree L(R(root)) #define LL long long const int maxn = 222222; int size[maxn], key[maxn], fa[maxn], ch[maxn][2], add[maxn]; LL sum[maxn]; int tot, root; int arr[maxn]; void newnode(int& x, int k, int f) { x = ++tot; F(x) = f; S(x) = 1; K(x) = sum[x] = k; } void pushup(int x) { S(x) = S(R(x)) + S(L(x)) + 1; sum[x] = sum[R(x)] + sum[L(x)] + K(x) + add[x]; } void pushdown(int x) { if(add[x]) { K(x) += add[x]; add[R(x)] += add[x]; add[L(x)] += add[x]; sum[R(x)] += (LL)add[x] * (LL)S(R(x)); sum[L(x)] += (LL)add[x] * (LL)S(L(x)); add[x] = 0; } } void rot(int x, int c) { int y = F(x); pushdown(y); pushdown(x); C(y, !c) = C(x, c); F(C(x, c)) = y; C(x, c) = y; F(x) = F(y); F(y) = x; if(F(x)) C(F(x), R(F(x)) == y) = x; pushup(y); } void splay(int x, int y) { if(!x) return; pushdown(x); while(F(x) != y) { if(F(F(x)) == y) rot(x, L(F(x)) == x); else { int d1 = L(F(F(x))) == F(x); int d2 = L(F(x)) == x; if(d1 == d2) { rot(F(x), d1); rot(x, d2); } else { rot(x, d2); rot(x, d1); } } } pushup(x); if(!y) root = x; } void insert(int k) { int x = root; while(C(x, k > K(x))) x = C(x, k > K(x)); newnode(C(x, k > K(x)), k, x); splay(C(x, k > K(x)), 0); } int sel(int k, int x) { for(pushdown(x); S(L(x))+1 != k; pushdown(x)) if(k <= S(L(x))) x = L(x); else k -= (S(L(x))+1), x = R(x); return x; } //特定的select,因为多插了2个边界节点,所以和原版的select有区别 int vsel(int k, int x) { for(pushdown(x); S(L(x)) != k; pushdown(x)) if(k < S(L(x))) x = L(x); else k -= (S(L(x)) + 1), x = R(x); return x; } void build(int l, int r, int& rt, int f) { if(l > r) return; int mid = (l+r) >> 1; newnode(rt, arr[mid], f); build(l, mid-1, L(rt), rt); build(mid+1, r, R(rt), rt); pushup(rt); } void query() { int l, r; scanf("%d%d", &l, &r); splay(vsel(l-1, root), 0); splay(vsel(r+1, root), root); printf("%lld\n", sum[keytree]); } void updata() { int l, r, _add; scanf("%d%d%d", &l, &r, &_add); splay(vsel(l-1, root), 0); splay(vsel(r+1, root), root); sum[keytree] += (LL)_add * (LL)S(keytree); add[keytree] += (LL)_add; } int n, q, t; void init() { for(int i = 1; i <= n; ++i) scanf("%d", &arr[i]); newnode(root, -1, 0); newnode(R(root), -1, root); S(root) = 2; build(1, n, keytree, R(root)); pushup(R(root)); pushup(root); } int main() { scanf("%d", &n); init(); scanf("%d", &q); while(q--) { scanf("%d", &t); if(t == 1) updata(); else query(); } return 0; }
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