ROS入门(二)——服务和全局参数
ROS入门(二)——服务和全局参数
iwehdio的博客园:https://www.cnblogs.com/iwehdio/
1、服务的实现
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客户端 Client 的实现:
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创建功能包(工作空间src目录下):
catkin_create_pkg learning_service roscpp rospy std_msgs geometry_msgs turtlesim
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初始化 ROS 节点,赋予节点名称。
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查找系统中是否有所给出的服务名,并等待直到服务存在。
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创建客户端,用于向服务发送请求。
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初始化请求数据。
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请求服务调用,并等待直到收到响应数据。
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C++ 实现:
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设置编译规则:
add_executable(turtle_spawn src/turtle_spawn.cpp) target_link_libraries(turtle_spawn ${catkin_LIBRARIES})
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C++ 源代码:
/** * 该例程将请求/spawn服务,服务数据类型turtlesim::Spawn */ #include <ros/ros.h> #include <turtlesim/Spawn.h> int main(int argc, char** argv) { // 初始化ROS节点 ros::init(argc, argv, "turtle_spawn"); // 创建节点句柄 ros::NodeHandle node; // 发现/spawn服务后,创建一个服务客户端,连接名为/spawn的service ros::service::waitForService("/spawn"); ros::ServiceClient add_turtle = node.serviceClient<turtlesim::Spawn>("/spawn"); // 初始化turtlesim::Spawn的请求数据 turtlesim::Spawn srv; srv.request.x = 2.0; srv.request.y = 2.0; srv.request.name = "turtle2"; // 请求服务调用 ROS_INFO("Call service to spwan turtle[x:%0.6f, y:%0.6f, name:%s]", srv.request.x, srv.request.y, srv.request.name.c_str()); add_turtle.call(srv); // 显示服务调用结果 ROS_INFO("Spwan turtle successfully [name:%s]", srv.response.name.c_str()); return 0; };
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编译并运行。
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Python 实现:
#!/usr/bin/env python # -*- coding: utf-8 -*- # 该例程将请求/spawn服务,服务数据类型turtlesim::Spawn import sys import rospy from turtlesim.srv import Spawn def turtle_spawn(): # ROS节点初始化 rospy.init_node('turtle_spawn') # 发现/spawn服务后,创建一个服务客户端,连接名为/spawn的service rospy.wait_for_service('/spawn') try: add_turtle = rospy.ServiceProxy('/spawn', Spawn) # 请求服务调用,输入请求数据 response = add_turtle(2.0, 2.0, 0.0, "turtle2") return response.name except rospy.ServiceException, e: print "Service call failed: %s"%e if __name__ == "__main__": #服务调用并显示调用结果 print "Spwan turtle successfully [name:%s]" %(turtle_spawn())
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服务器 Server 的实现:
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初始化 ROS 节点,赋予节点名称。
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创建服务端 Server 实例。
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循环等待服务请求,获取到请求后进入回调函数。
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完成功能处理,在回调函数中应答数据。
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C++ 实现:
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设置编译规则:
add_executable(turtle_command_server src/turtle_command_server.cpp) target_link_libraries(turtle_command_server ${catkin_LIBRARIES})
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C++ 源代码:
/** * 该例程将执行/turtle_command服务,服务数据类型std_srvs/Trigger */ #include <ros/ros.h> #include <geometry_msgs/Twist.h> #include <std_srvs/Trigger.h> ros::Publisher turtle_vel_pub; bool pubCommand = false; // service回调函数,输入参数req,输出参数res bool commandCallback(std_srvs::Trigger::Request &req, std_srvs::Trigger::Response &res) { pubCommand = !pubCommand; // 显示请求数据 ROS_INFO("Publish turtle velocity command [%s]", pubCommand==true?"Yes":"No"); // 设置反馈数据 res.success = true; res.message = "Change turtle command state!" return true; } int main(int argc, char **argv) { // ROS节点初始化 ros::init(argc, argv, "turtle_command_server"); // 创建节点句柄 ros::NodeHandle n; // 创建一个名为/turtle_command的server,注册回调函数commandCallback ros::ServiceServer command_service = n.advertiseService("/turtle_command", commandCallback); // 创建一个Publisher,发布名为/turtle1/cmd_vel的topic,消息类型为geometry_msgs::Twist,队列长度10 turtle_vel_pub = n.advertise<geometry_msgs::Twist>("/turtle1/cmd_vel", 10); // 循环等待回调函数 ROS_INFO("Ready to receive turtle command."); // 设置循环的频率 ros::Rate loop_rate(10); while(ros::ok()) { // 查看一次回调函数队列 ros::spinOnce(); // 如果标志为true,则发布速度指令 if(pubCommand) { geometry_msgs::Twist vel_msg; vel_msg.linear.x = 0.5; vel_msg.angular.z = 0.2; turtle_vel_pub.publish(vel_msg); } //按照循环频率延时 loop_rate.sleep(); } return 0; }
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运行:
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运行小海龟节点。
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运行服务器端,并用终端给服务器发送请求。
$ rosrun learning_service turtle_command_server $ rosservice call /turtle_command "{}"
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std_srvs/Trigger 的数据结构为,请求为空,响应为一个是否响应的布尔值和一个字符串信息。
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Python 实现:
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Python 源代码:
#!/usr/bin/env python # -*- coding: utf-8 -*- # 该例程将执行/turtle_command服务,服务数据类型std_srvs/Trigger import rospy import thread,time from geometry_msgs.msg import Twist from std_srvs.srv import Trigger, TriggerResponse pubCommand = False; turtle_vel_pub = rospy.Publisher('/turtle1/cmd_vel', Twist, queue_size=10) def command_thread(): while True: if pubCommand: vel_msg = Twist() vel_msg.linear.x = 0.5 vel_msg.angular.z = 0.2 turtle_vel_pub.publish(vel_msg) time.sleep(0.1) def commandCallback(req): global pubCommand pubCommand = bool(1-pubCommand) # 显示请求数据 rospy.loginfo("Publish turtle velocity command![%d]", pubCommand) # 反馈数据 return TriggerResponse(1, "Change turtle command state!") def turtle_command_server(): # ROS节点初始化 rospy.init_node('turtle_command_server') # 创建一个名为/turtle_command的server,注册回调函数commandCallback s = rospy.Service('/turtle_command', Trigger, commandCallback) # 循环等待回调函数 print "Ready to receive turtle command." thread.start_new_thread(command_thread, ()) rospy.spin() if __name__ == "__main__": turtle_command_server()
- 执行多线程时会出错,虽然不影响程序运行。
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服务数据的定义与使用(自定义话题消息)::
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需要将数据用三条横线
---
区分,上方为 request 请求,下方为 response 响应数据。 -
创建 srv 文件夹并在其下创建 Person.srv 文件(
touch Person.srv
),并消息格式为:string name uint8 age uint8 sex uint8 unknown = 0 uint8 male = 1 uint8 female = 2 --- string result
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在 package.xml 中添加功能包依赖。即编译依赖 message_generation,运行依赖 message_runtime。
<build_depend>message_generation</build_depend> <exec_depend>message_runtime</exec_depend>
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在 CMakeLists.txt 中添加编译选项。
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在 find_package() 中添加
message_generation
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定义消息接口,在 Declare ROS messages, services and actions 下。这里与 msg 不同的是,使用的是
add_service_files()
而不是add_message_files()
。add_service_files(FILES Person.srv) generate_messages(DEPENDENCIES std_msgs)
- 第一行表示将 Person.msg 作为一个消息接口,第二行表示该消息接口的依赖。
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在 catkin_package 中添加运行时依赖。
catkin_package( CATKIN_DEPENDS geometry_msgs roscpp rospy std_msgs turtlesim message_runtime )
- 去掉 CATKIN_DEPENDS 前的注释,并在其后添加 message _runtime。
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创建发布者和订阅者(C++实现):
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在 CMakeLists.txt 中配置编译信息。
add_executable(person_server src/person_server.cpp) target_link_libraries(person_server ${catkin_LIBRARIES}) add_dependencies(person_server ${PROJECT_NAME}_gencpp) add_executable(person_client src/person_client.cpp) target_link_libraries(person_client ${catkin_LIBRARIES}) add_dependencies(person_client ${PROJECT_NAME}_gencpp)
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客户端:
/** * 该例程将请求/show_person服务,服务数据类型learning_service::Person */ #include <ros/ros.h> #include "learning_service/Person.h" int main(int argc, char** argv) { // 初始化ROS节点 ros::init(argc, argv, "person_client"); // 创建节点句柄 ros::NodeHandle node; // 发现/spawn服务后,创建一个服务客户端,连接名为/spawn的service ros::service::waitForService("/show_person"); ros::ServiceClient person_client = node.serviceClient<learning_service::Person>("/show_person"); // 初始化learning_service::Person的请求数据 learning_service::Person srv; srv.request.name = "Tom"; srv.request.age = 20; srv.request.sex = learning_service::Person::Request::male; // 请求服务调用 ROS_INFO("Call service to show person[name:%s, age:%d, sex:%d]", srv.request.name.c_str(), srv.request.age, srv.request.sex); person_client.call(srv); // 显示服务调用结果 ROS_INFO("Show person result : %s", srv.response.result.c_str()); return 0; };
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服务端:
/** * 该例程将执行/show_person服务,服务数据类型learning_service::Person */ #include <ros/ros.h> #include "learning_service/Person.h" // service回调函数,输入参数req,输出参数res bool personCallback(learning_service::Person::Request &req, learning_service::Person::Response &res) { // 显示请求数据 ROS_INFO("Person: name:%s age:%d sex:%d", req.name.c_str(), req.age, req.sex); // 设置反馈数据 res.result = "OK"; return true; } int main(int argc, char **argv) { // ROS节点初始化 ros::init(argc, argv, "person_server"); // 创建节点句柄 ros::NodeHandle n; // 创建一个名为/show_person的server,注册回调函数personCallback ros::ServiceServer person_service = n.advertiseService("/show_person", personCallback); // 循环等待回调函数 ROS_INFO("Ready to show person informtion."); ros::spin(); return 0; }
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编译代码后运行。
$ roscore $ rosrun learning_service person_server $ rosrun learning_service person_client
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Python 实现:
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客户端:
#!/usr/bin/env python # -*- coding: utf-8 -*- # 该例程将请求/show_person服务,服务数据类型learning_service::Person import sys import rospy from learning_service.srv import Person, PersonRequest def person_client(): # ROS节点初始化 rospy.init_node('person_client') # 发现/show_person服务后,创建一个服务客户端,连接名为/show_person的service rospy.wait_for_service('/show_person') try: person_client = rospy.ServiceProxy('/show_person', Person) # 请求服务调用,输入请求数据 response = person_client("Tom", 20, PersonRequest.male) return response.result except rospy.ServiceException, e: print "Service call failed: %s"%e if __name__ == "__main__": #服务调用并显示调用结果 print "Show person result : %s" %(person_client())
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服务端:
#!/usr/bin/env python # -*- coding: utf-8 -*- # 该例程将执行/show_person服务,服务数据类型learning_service::Person import rospy from learning_service.srv import Person, PersonResponse def personCallback(req): # 显示请求数据 rospy.loginfo("Person: name:%s age:%d sex:%d", req.name, req.age, req.sex) # 反馈数据 return PersonResponse("OK") def person_server(): # ROS节点初始化 rospy.init_node('person_server') # 创建一个名为/show_person的server,注册回调函数personCallback s = rospy.Service('/show_person', Person, personCallback) # 循环等待回调函数 print "Ready to show person informtion." rospy.spin() if __name__ == "__main__": person_server()
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Python 运行总是报错:
Exception in thread Thread-3: Traceback (most recent call last): File "/usr/lib/python2.7/threading.py", line 801, in __bootstrap_inner self.run() File "/usr/lib/python2.7/threading.py", line 754, in run self.__target(*self.__args, **self.__kwargs) File "/opt/ros/melodic/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/rospy/impl/tcpros_base.py", line 157, in run except ConnectionAbortedError: NameError: global name 'ConnectionAbortedError' is not defined
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2、全局参数
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rosparam 命令:
- 列出当前所有参数:
$ rosparam list
。 - 显示某个参数值:
$ rosparam get param_key
- 设置某个参数值:
$ rosparam set param_key param_value
。 - 保存参数到文件:
$ rosparam dump file_name
。 - 从文件读取参数:
$ rosparam load file_name
。 - 删除参数:
$ rosparam delete param_key
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- 列出当前所有参数:
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C++ 操作全局参数:
/** * 该例程设置/读取海龟例程中的参数 */ #include <string> #include <ros/ros.h> #include <std_srvs/Empty.h> int main(int argc, char **argv) { int red, green, blue; // ROS节点初始化 ros::init(argc, argv, "parameter_config"); // 创建节点句柄 ros::NodeHandle node; // 读取背景颜色参数 ros::param::get("/turtlesim/background_r", red); ros::param::get("/turtlesim/background_g", green); ros::param::get("/turtlesim/background_b", blue); ROS_INFO("Get Backgroud Color[%d, %d, %d]", red, green, blue); // 设置背景颜色参数 ros::param::set("/turtlesim/background_r", 255); ros::param::set("/turtlesim/background_g", 255); ros::param::set("/turtlesim/background_b", 255); ROS_INFO("Set Backgroud Color[255, 255, 255]"); // 读取背景颜色参数 ros::param::get("/turtlesim/background_r", red); ros::param::get("/turtlesim/background_g", green); ros::param::get("/turtlesim/background_b", blue); ROS_INFO("Re-get Backgroud Color[%d, %d, %d]", red, green, blue); // 调用服务,刷新背景颜色 ros::service::waitForService("/clear"); ros::ServiceClient clear_background = node.serviceClient<std_srvs::Empty>("/clear"); std_srvs::Empty srv; clear_background.call(srv); sleep(1); return 0; }
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设置编译规则:
add_executable(parameter_config src/parameter_config.cpp) target_link_libraries(parameter_config ${catkin_LIBRARIES})
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Python 操作全局参数:
#!/usr/bin/env python # -*- coding: utf-8 -*- # 该例程设置/读取海龟例程中的参数 import sys import rospy from std_srvs.srv import Empty def parameter_config(): # ROS节点初始化 rospy.init_node('parameter_config', anonymous=True) # 读取背景颜色参数 red = rospy.get_param('/turtlesim/background_r') green = rospy.get_param('/turtlesim/background_g') blue = rospy.get_param('/turtlesim/background_b') rospy.loginfo("Get Backgroud Color[%d, %d, %d]", red, green, blue) # 设置背景颜色参数 rospy.set_param("/turtlesim/background_r", 255); rospy.set_param("/turtlesim/background_g", 255); rospy.set_param("/turtlesim/background_b", 255); rospy.loginfo("Set Backgroud Color[255, 255, 255]"); # 读取背景颜色参数 red = rospy.get_param('/turtlesim/background_r') green = rospy.get_param('/turtlesim/background_g') blue = rospy.get_param('/turtlesim/background_b') rospy.loginfo("Get Backgroud Color[%d, %d, %d]", red, green, blue) # 发现/spawn服务后,创建一个服务客户端,连接名为/spawn的service rospy.wait_for_service('/clear') try: clear_background = rospy.ServiceProxy('/clear', Empty) # 请求服务调用,输入请求数据 response = clear_background() return response except rospy.ServiceException, e: print "Service call failed: %s"%e if __name__ == "__main__": parameter_config()
- 如果出错,先用 rosparam 查看参数列表,看看参数名是否写错。
参考:古月ROS入门21讲:https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1zt411G7Vn?p=21
iwehdio的博客园:https://www.cnblogs.com/iwehdio/