Struts(三)

架构：
   
    
===============================struts2 核心接口和类=========================
名称                                作用
ActionMapper        根据请求的URI查找是否存在对应Action调用
ActionMapping        保存调用Action的映射信息，如namespace、name等
ActionProxy         在XWork和真正的Action之间充当代理
ActionInvocation    表示Action的执行状态，保存拦截器、Action实例
Interceptor            在请求处理之前或者之后执行的Struts 2组件


===============================struts2 拦截器=========================
struts2大多数核心功能是通过拦截器实现，每个拦截器完成某项功能，拦截器之间可以互相自由组合

拦截器方法在Action执行之前或执行之后

拦截器栈
    1.结构：相当于多个拦截器的组合
    2.功能：也是拦截器
    
与过滤器原理相似
    为Action提供附加功能，无须修改Action代码，使用拦截器来提供
    
三阶段执行周期：
        1.Action执行前的预处理
        2.将控制交给后续拦截器或者返回字符串（执行Action）
        3.Action执行后的处理
        
范例：

public class MyTimeInterceptor extends AbstractInterceptor {
    /* (non-Javadoc)
     * @see com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.AbstractInterceptor#intercept(com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionInvocation)
     */
    @Override
    public String intercept(ActionInvocation actionInvocation) throws Exception {
        //预处理工作
        System.out.println("执行Action之前");
        long startTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
        
        //执行后续拦截器或Action
        String result = actionInvocation.invoke();
        
        //后续处理工作
        System.out.println("执行Action之后");
        long execTime = System.currentTimeMillis() - startTime;
        System.out.println("The interval time is "+execTime+" ms");
        
        //返回结果字符串
        return result;
    }
}

拦截器的xml配置：struts.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE struts PUBLIC "-//Apache Software Foundation//DTD Struts Configuration 2.3//EN" "http://struts.apache.org/dtds/struts-2.3.dtd" >
<struts>
    <!-- namespace是请求路径 -->
    <package name="default" namespace="/" extends="struts-default">
    
        <!-- 配置拦截器 -->
        <interceptors>
            <!-- 定义单个拦截器 -->
            <interceptor name="myTime" class="com.Elastic.StrutsDemo3.ivy.interceptor.MyTimeInterceptor"></interceptor>
            <interceptor name="authorization" class="com.Elastic.StrutsDemo3.ivy.interceptor.AuthorizationInterceptor"></interceptor>
            
            <!-- 自定义拦截器栈 -->
            <interceptor-stack name="myDefault">
                <interceptor-ref name="myTime"></interceptor-ref>
                <interceptor-ref name="defaultStacks"></interceptor-ref>
            </interceptor-stack>
            
        </interceptors>
        
        <action name="login" class="com.Elastic.StrutsDemo3.ivy.action.UserAction" method="login">
            <result name="success" type="redirectAction">index</result>
            <!-- 引用拦截器 -->
            <interceptor-ref name="myTime"></interceptor-ref>
            <!-- 引用Struts默认的拦截器栈。如果用了自定义拦截器，一定要加载struts-default中的defaultStacks -->
            <interceptor-ref name="defaultStacks"></interceptor-ref>
            
            <!-- 引用拦截器栈 -->
            <!-- <interceptor-ref name="myDefault"></interceptor-ref> -->
        </action>
        
    </package>
</struts>

自带拦截器
    1.params拦截器：负责将请求参数设置为Action属性
    2.servletConfig拦截器：将源于servlet API的各种对象注入到Action
    3.fileUpload拦截器：对文件上传提供支持
    4.exception拦截器：捕获异常，并将异常映射到自定义d错误页面
    5.validation拦截器：调用验证框架进行数据验证
    6.workflow拦截器：调用Action类的validate()，执行数据验证
    
自定义拦截器：
    void init()：初始化拦截器所需资源
    void destroy()：释放在init()中分配的资源
    String intercept(ActionInvocation actionInvocation) throws Exception：
        1.实现拦截器功能
        2.利用ActionInvocation参数获取Action状态
        3.返回结果码（result）字符串
        
    继承AbstractInterceptor类
        1.提供了init()和destroy()方法的空实现
        2.只需要实现intercept方法即可
        3.推荐使用
范例：权限验证拦截器

public class AuthorizationInterceptor extends AbstractInterceptor {
     public String intercept(ActionInvocation invocation) throws Exception{
          //获取用户会话信息
          Map session = invocation.getInvocationContext().getSession();
          User user = (User)session.get("login");
          if (user == null) {
              //终止执行,返回登录页面
              return Action.LOGIN;
          } else {
              //继续执行剩余的拦截器和Action
              return invocation.invoke();
          }
      }
}

===================================文件上传下载==========================
一、文件上传
Commons-FileUpload组件
    Commons是Apache开放源代码组织的一个Java子项目，其中的FileUpload是用来处理HTTP文件上传的子项目

    特点：
        a.使用简单：可以方便地嵌入到JSP文件中，编写少量代码即可完成文件的上传功能
        b.能够全程控制上传内容
        c.能够对上传文件的大小、类型进行控制
    
    环境要求：commons-fileupload-xxx.jar    commons-io-xxx.jar(在 struts2 的jar包中查找)
范例：

public class UploadAction extends ActionSupport {
    private File upload;
    private String uploadContentType;
    private String uploadFileName;
    private String savePath;
    //…省略set和get方法
    public String execute() throws Exception {
    FileInputStream fis=new FileInputStream(getUpload());
    FileOutputStream fos=new FileOutputStream(getSavePath()+"\\”+this.getUploadFileName());
    }
}

<s:form action="upload.action" enctype="multipart/form-data" method="post">
    <s:file name="upload" label="选择文件"/>
</s:form>

<action name="upload" class="com.xuetang9.demo.action.UploadAction">
    <!--通过param参数设置保存目录的路径-->
    <param name="savePath">/upload</param>
    <result name="success">/upload_success.jsp</result>
</action>

多文件上传
    【name属性相同】
    将三个属性的类型修改成数组类型
    //获取提交的多个文件
    private File[] upload;
    //封装上传文件的类型
    private String[] uploadContentType;
    //封装上传文件名称
    private String[] uploadFileName;
    
二、文件下载
stream结果类型
    1.将文件数据（通过InputStream获取）直接写入响应流
    2.相关参数的配置
    名称                    作用
    contentType            设置发送到浏览器的MIME类型
    contentLength        设置文件的大小
    contentDisposition    设置响应的HTTP头信息中的Content-Disposition参数的值(一方面表示文件的处理方式，另一方面指定下载文件的显示文件名称)
    inputName            指定Action中提供的inputStream类型的属性名称
    bufferSize            设置读取和下载文件时的缓冲区大小
    
    contentType：指定文件下载的类型
        文件类型    类型设置
        Word        application/msword
        Execl        application/vnd.ms-excel
        PPT            application/vnd.ms-powerpoint
        图片        image/gif ， image/bmp，image/jpeg
        文本文件    text/plain
        html网页    text/html
        可执行文件    application/octet-stream
范例：

public class FileDownAction extends ActionSupport {
    //读取下载文件的目录
    private String inputPath;
    //下载文件的文件名
    private String fileName;
    //下载文件的类型
    private String conetntType;
    //创建InputStream输入流
    public InputStream getInputStream() throws FileNotFoundException{
        String path=ServletActionContext.getServletContext().getRealPath(inputPath);
        return new BufferedInputStream(new FileInputStream(path+"\\"+fileName));
    }
}

<action name="download" class="com.xuetang9.demo.action.FileDownAction">
    <param name="inputPath">/upload</param>
    
    <!--  指定类型为stream -->
    <result name="success" type="stream">
    
        <!-- 通用设置 -->
        <param name="contentType">application/octet-stream</param>
        <param name="inputName">inputStream</param>
        <param name="contentDisposition">
            <!--  
                attachement表示以附件形式下载
                filename表示下载时显示的文件名称
            -->
            attachment;filename="${fileName}"
        </param>
        <param name="bufferSize">4096</param>
    </result>
</action>

只有首页用，清除session内容
    
范例：
1.实体类及其配置文件
a.User类

package com.Elastic.StrutsDemo3.ivy.entity;

import java.io.Serializable;
public class User implements Serializable{
    private String userName;
    private String passWord;
    
    public String getUserName() {
        return userName;
    }
    public void setUserName(String userName) {
        this.userName = userName;
    }
    public String getPassWord() {
        return passWord;
    }
    public void setPassWord(String passWord) {
        this.passWord = passWord;
    }
}

b.User.hbm.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE hibernate-mapping PUBLIC "-//Hibernate/Hibernate Mapping DTD 3.0//EN"
"http://hibernate.sourceforge.net/hibernate-mapping-3.0.dtd">
<hibernate-mapping>
    <class name="com.Elastic.StrutsDemo3.ivy.entity.User" table="user">
        <id name="userName" type="java.lang.String">
            <column name="userName"></column>
            <generator class="assigned"></generator>
        </id>
        <property name="passWord" type="java.lang.String">
            <column name="passWord"></column>
        </property>
    </class>
</hibernate-mapping>

2.action包
a.UserAction类

package com.Elastic.StrutsDemo3.ivy.action;

import com.Elastic.StrutsDemo3.ivy.entity.User;
import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionContext;
import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionSupport;
public class UserAction extends ActionSupport{
    private User user;
    
    public User getUser() {
        return user;
    }

    public void setUser(User user) {
        this.user = user;
    }

    public String login(){
        System.out.println("执行登录功能！");
        if ("admin".equals(user.getUserName().trim()) && "123456".equals(user.getPassWord().trim())) {
            ActionContext.getContext().getSession().put("loginUser", "admin");
            return SUCCESS;
        }
        return LOGIN;
    }
}

b.IndexAction类

package com.Elastic.StrutsDemo3.ivy.action;

import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionContext;
import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionSupport;
public class IndexAction extends ActionSupport{
    private String data;
    
    public String getData() {
        return data;
    }

    public void setData(String data) {
        this.data = data;
    }

    public String index(){
        System.out.println("查询数据");
        data = "从数据库中得到了数据";
        ActionContext.getContext().getSession().put("data", data);
        return SUCCESS;
    }
}

c.上传文件 -- FileAction类

package com.Elastic.StrutsDemo3.ivy.action;

import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.FileNotFoundException;
import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.UnsupportedEncodingException;

import org.apache.struts2.ServletActionContext;

import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionSupport;
public class FileAction extends ActionSupport{
    //文件夹的名称与表单name属性值一致
    private File head;
    //文件类型（后缀固定写法）
    private String headContentType;
    //文件名称（后缀固定写法）
    private String headFileName;
    
    public File getHead() {
        return head;
    }

    public void setHead(File head) {
        this.head = head;
    }

    public String getHeadContentType() {
        return headContentType;
    }

    public void setHeadContentType(String headContentType) {
        this.headContentType = headContentType;
    }

    public String getHeadFileName() {
        return headFileName;
    }

    public void setHeadFileName(String headFileName) {
        this.headFileName = headFileName;
    }

    /**
     * 文件上传
     * @return
     * @throws IOException
     */
    public String fileUpload() throws IOException {
        //1.读成二进制文件
        FileInputStream fis = new FileInputStream(head);
        //虚拟路径--项目下
        String path =  "/head/" + headFileName;
        //绝对路径 -- 物理路径
        String realPath = ServletActionContext.getServletContext().getRealPath(path);
        //获取文件的总大小
        int length = fis.available();
        //读成二进制文件
        byte[] buffers = new byte[length];
        fis.read(buffers);
        
        //2.输出文件
        FileOutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream(realPath);
        fos.write(buffers);
        fis.close();
        fos.close();
        return SUCCESS;
    }
}

c2.下载文件 -- FileAction类

package com.Elastic.StrutsDemo3.ivy.action;

import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.FileNotFoundException;
import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.UnsupportedEncodingException;

import org.apache.struts2.ServletActionContext;

import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionSupport;
public class FileAction extends ActionSupport {
    // 文件夹的名称与表单name属性值一致
    private File head;
    // 文件类型（后缀固定写法）
    private String headContentType;
    // 文件名称（后缀固定写法）
    private String headFileName;

    private String savePath;

    public String getSavePath() {
        return savePath;
    }

    public void setSavePath(String savePath) {
        this.savePath = savePath;
    }

    public File getHead() {
        return head;
    }

    public void setHead(File head) {
        this.head = head;
    }

    public String getHeadContentType() {
        return headContentType;
    }

    public void setHeadContentType(String headContentType) {
        this.headContentType = headContentType;
    }

    public String getHeadFileName() {
        return headFileName;
    }

    public void setHeadFileName(String headFileName) {
        this.headFileName = headFileName;
    }

    /**
     * 文件上传
     *
     * @return
     * @throws IOException
     */
    public String fileUpload() throws IOException {
        // 1.读成二进制文件
        FileInputStream fis = new FileInputStream(head);
        // 虚拟路径--项目下
        String path = savePath + "/" + headFileName;
        // 绝对路径 -- 物理路径
        String realPath = ServletActionContext.getServletContext().getRealPath(path);
        // 获取文件的总大小
        int length = fis.available();
        // 读成二进制文件
        byte[] buffers = new byte[length];
        fis.read(buffers);

        // 2.输出文件
        FileOutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream(realPath);
        fos.write(buffers);
        fis.close();
        fos.close();
        return SUCCESS;

    }

    private String fileName;

    public String getFileName() {
        return fileName;
    }

    public void setFileName(String fileName) {
        this.fileName = fileName;
    }

    private InputStream inputStream;

    public void setInputStream(InputStream inputStream) {
        this.inputStream = inputStream;
    }

    public InputStream getInputStream() throws FileNotFoundException {

        try {
            fileName = new String(fileName.getBytes("iso-8859-1"), "utf-8");
            String path = "/head/" + fileName;
            String realPath = ServletActionContext.getServletContext().getRealPath(path);
            inputStream = new FileInputStream(realPath);
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        return inputStream;
    }
}

3.interceptor包
a.MyTimeInterceptor类

package com.Elastic.StrutsDemo3.ivy.interceptor;

import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionInvocation;
import com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.AbstractInterceptor;
public class MyTimeInterceptor extends AbstractInterceptor {

    /* (non-Javadoc)
     * @see com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.AbstractInterceptor#intercept(com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionInvocation)
     */
    @Override
    public String intercept(ActionInvocation actionInvocation) throws Exception {
        System.out.println("执行Action之前");
        String result = actionInvocation.invoke();
        System.out.println("执行Action之后");
        return result;
    }
}

b.AuthorizationInterceptor类

package com.Elastic.StrutsDemo3.ivy.interceptor;

import com.opensymphony.xwork2.Action;
import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionContext;
import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionInvocation;
import com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.AbstractInterceptor;
public class AuthorizationInterceptor extends AbstractInterceptor{

    /* (non-Javadoc)
     * @see com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.AbstractInterceptor#intercept(com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionInvocation)
     */
    @Override
    public String intercept(ActionInvocation actionInvocation) throws Exception {
        System.out.println("登录验证之前");
        // 执行Action之前判断用户是否登录
        boolean isLogined = ActionContext.getContext().getSession().containsKey("loginUser");
        if (!isLogined) {
            return Action.LOGIN;
        }
        String result = actionInvocation.invoke();
        System.out.println("登录验证之后");
        return result;
    }
}

4.jsp
a.index.jsp

<%-- 引入JSP页面PAGE指令 --%>
<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
    pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<%-- 引入JSTL标签指令 --%>
<%@ taglib uri="http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/core" prefix="c" %>
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html language="zh-CN">
<head>
    <meta charset="utf-8">
    <!-- 设置浏览器渲染的引擎  -->
    <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge,chrome=1">
    <!-- 设置支持移动设备  -->
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
    <title>首页</title>
    <!-- 引用bootstrap样式 -->
    <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="<%=request.getContextPath() %>/css/bootstrap.min.css">
</head>
<body>
    
    <div class="container">
        ${data }
    </div>
    
    <!-- 引用外部JS文件  -->
    <script type="text/javascript" src="<%=request.getContextPath() %>/js/jquery-2.2.4.js"></script>
    <script type="text/javascript" src="<%=request.getContextPath() %>/js/bootstrap.min.js"></script>

</body>
</html>

b.login.jsp

<%-- 引入JSP页面PAGE指令 --%>
<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
    pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<%-- 引入JSTL标签指令 --%>
<%@ taglib uri="http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/core" prefix="c"%>
<%@ taglib uri="/struts-tags" prefix="s"%>
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html language="zh-CN">
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8">
<!-- 设置浏览器渲染的引擎  -->
<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge,chrome=1">
<!-- 设置支持移动设备  -->
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
<title>网页标题</title>
<!-- 引用bootstrap样式 -->
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="<%=request.getContextPath() %>/css/bootstrap.min.css">
</head>
<body>
    <s:debug></s:debug>
    <div class="container-fluid">
        <div class="panel panel-default center-block" style="width: 500px;">
            <div class="panel-heading">登录</div>
            <div class="panel-body">
                <form action="user/login" method="post" class="form-horizontal">
                    <div class="form-group">
                        <label class="col-md-3 control-label" for="userName">用户名：</label>
                        <div class="col-md-6">
                            <input class="form-control" id="userName" name="user.userName"
                                type="text" autocomplete="off" />
                        </div>
                        <div class="col-md-3">
                            ${fieldErrors.userName[0] }
                        </div>
                    </div>
                    <div class="form-group">
                        <label class="col-md-3 control-label" for="passWord">密码：</label>
                        <div class="col-md-6">
                            <input class="form-control" id="passWord" name="user.passWord"
                                type="password" />
                        </div>
                        <div class="col-md-3">
                        
                        </div>
                    </div>
                    <div class="form-group">
                        <input class="btn btn-primary btn-block" type="submit" value="登录" />
                    </div>
                </form>
            </div>
        </div>
    </div>

    <!-- 引用外部JS文件  -->
    <script type="text/javascript" src="<%=request.getContextPath() %>/js/jquery-2.2.4.js"></script>
    <script type="text/javascript" src="<%=request.getContextPath() %>/js/bootstrap.min.js"></script>

</body>
</html>

c.fileUpload.jsp

<%-- 引入JSP页面PAGE指令 --%>
<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
    pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<%-- 引入JSTL标签指令 --%>
<%@ taglib uri="http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/core" prefix="c" %>
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html language="zh-CN">
<head>
    <meta charset="utf-8">
    <!-- 设置浏览器渲染的引擎  -->
    <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge,chrome=1">
    <!-- 设置支持移动设备  -->
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
    <title>网页标题</title>
    <!-- 引用bootstrap样式 -->
    <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="<%=request.getContextPath() %>/css/bootstrap.min.css">
</head>
<body>
    <div class="container-fluid">
        <form action="upload" enctype="multipart/form-data" method="post">
            <input name="head" type="file" />
            <input type="submit" value="上传头像" />
        </form>
    </div>
    
    <!-- 引用外部JS文件  -->
    <script type="text/javascript" src="<%=request.getContextPath() %>/js/jquery-2.2.4.js"></script>
    <script type="text/javascript" src="<%=request.getContextPath() %>/js/bootstrap.min.js"></script>

</body>
</html>

d.downLoad.jsp

<%-- 引入JSP页面PAGE指令 --%>
<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
    pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<%-- 引入JSTL标签指令 --%>
<%@ taglib uri="http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/core" prefix="c" %>
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html language="zh-CN">
<head>
    <meta charset="utf-8">
    <!-- 设置浏览器渲染的引擎  -->
    <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge,chrome=1">
    <!-- 设置支持移动设备  -->
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
    <title>网页标题</title>
    <!-- 引用bootstrap样式 -->
    <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="<%=request.getContextPath() %>/css/bootstrap.min.css">
</head>
<body>
    <div class="container-fluid">
        <a href="downLoad?fileName=面试.txt">面试.txt</a>
    </div>
    
    <!-- 引用外部JS文件  -->
    <script type="text/javascript" src="<%=request.getContextPath() %>/js/jquery-2.2.4.js"></script>
    <script type="text/javascript" src="<%=request.getContextPath() %>/js/bootstrap.min.js"></script>

</body>
</html>

5.Struts配置文件
a1.拦截器 -- struts.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE struts PUBLIC "-//Apache Software Foundation//DTD Struts Configuration 2.3//EN" "http://struts.apache.org/dtds/struts-2.3.dtd" >
<struts>
    <package name="default" namespace="/" extends="struts-default">
    
        <!-- 配置拦截器 -->
        <interceptors>
            <!-- 定义单个拦截器 -->
            <interceptor name="myTime" class="com.Elastic.StrutsDemo3.ivy.interceptor.MyTimeInterceptor"></interceptor>
            <interceptor name="authorization" class="com.Elastic.StrutsDemo3.ivy.interceptor.AuthorizationInterceptor"></interceptor>
        
            <!-- 自定义拦截器栈 -->
            <interceptor-stack name="myDefault">
                <interceptor-ref name="myTime"></interceptor-ref>
                <interceptor-ref name="defaultStack"></interceptor-ref>
            </interceptor-stack>
        
            <!-- 自定义拦截器栈 -->
            <interceptor-stack name="myAuthorStack">
                <interceptor-ref name="myTime"></interceptor-ref>
                <interceptor-ref name="authorization"></interceptor-ref>
                <interceptor-ref name="defaultStack"></interceptor-ref>
            </interceptor-stack>
        </interceptors>
    
        <!-- 全局的result -->
        <global-results>
            <result name="login" type="redirect">/login.jsp</result>
        </global-results>
        
        <action name="login" class="com.Elastic.StrutsDemo3.ivy.action.UserAction" method="login">
            <result name="success" type="redirectAction">index</result>
            <!-- 方法1 -->
            <!-- 引用拦截器 -->
            <!-- <interceptor-ref name="myTime"></interceptor-ref> -->
            <!-- 引用Struts默认的拦截器栈 -->
            <!-- <interceptor-ref name="defaultStack"></interceptor-ref> -->
            
            <!-- 方法2 -->
            <interceptor-ref name="myDefault"></interceptor-ref>
        </action>
        
        <action name="index" class="com.Elastic.StrutsDemo3.ivy.action.IndexAction" method="index">
            <result name="success" type="redirect">/index.jsp</result>
            <!-- 拦截器配置有顺序 -->
            <!-- 方法1 -->
            <interceptor-ref name="authorization"></interceptor-ref>
            <interceptor-ref name="myTime"></interceptor-ref>
            <!-- 引用Struts默认的拦截器栈 -->
            <interceptor-ref name="defaultStack"></interceptor-ref>
            
            <!-- 方法2 -->
            <!-- <interceptor-ref name="myAuthorStack"></interceptor-ref> -->
        </action>
    </package>
</struts>

a2.上传文件 -- struts.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE struts PUBLIC "-//Apache Software Foundation//DTD Struts Configuration 2.3//EN" "http://struts.apache.org/dtds/struts-2.3.dtd" >
<struts>
    <package name="default" namespace="/" extends="struts-default">
    
        <!-- 配置拦截器 -->
        <interceptors>
            <!-- 定义单个拦截器 -->
            <interceptor name="myTime" class="com.Elastic.StrutsDemo3.ivy.interceptor.MyTimeInterceptor"></interceptor>
            <interceptor name="authorization" class="com.Elastic.StrutsDemo3.ivy.interceptor.AuthorizationInterceptor"></interceptor>
        
            <!-- 自定义拦截器栈 -->
            <interceptor-stack name="myDefault">
                <interceptor-ref name="myTime"></interceptor-ref>
                <interceptor-ref name="defaultStack"></interceptor-ref>
            </interceptor-stack>
        
            <!-- 自定义拦截器栈 -->
            <interceptor-stack name="myAuthorStack">
                <interceptor-ref name="myTime"></interceptor-ref>
                <interceptor-ref name="authorization"></interceptor-ref>
                <interceptor-ref name="defaultStack"></interceptor-ref>
            </interceptor-stack>
        
        </interceptors>
    
        <!-- 全局的result -->
        <global-results>
            <result name="login" type="redirect">/login.jsp</result>
        </global-results>
    
        <action name="login" class="com.Elastic.StrutsDemo3.ivy.action.UserAction" method="login">
            <result name="success" type="redirectAction">index</result>
            <interceptor-ref name="myDefault"></interceptor-ref>
        </action>
        
        <action name="index" class="com.Elastic.StrutsDemo3.ivy.action.IndexAction" method="index">
            <result name="success" type="redirect">/index.jsp</result>
            <interceptor-ref name="myAuthorStack"></interceptor-ref>
        </action>
        
        <action name="upload" class="com.Elastic.StrutsDemo3.ivy.action.FileAction" method="fileUpload">
            <result name="success" type="redirect">/index.jsp</result>
        </action>
        
    </package>
</struts>

a3.下载文件 -- struts.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE struts PUBLIC "-//Apache Software Foundation//DTD Struts Configuration 2.3//EN" "http://struts.apache.org/dtds/struts-2.3.dtd" >
<struts>
    <package name="default" namespace="/" extends="struts-default">
    
        <!-- 配置拦截器 -->
        <interceptors>
            <!-- 定义单个拦截器 -->
            <interceptor name="myTime" class="com.Elastic.StrutsDemo3.ivy.interceptor.MyTimeInterceptor"></interceptor>
            <interceptor name="authorization" class="com.Elastic.StrutsDemo3.ivy.interceptor.AuthorizationInterceptor"></interceptor>
        
            <!-- 自定义拦截器栈 -->
            <interceptor-stack name="myDefault">
                <interceptor-ref name="myTime"></interceptor-ref>
                <interceptor-ref name="defaultStack"></interceptor-ref>
            </interceptor-stack>
        
            <!-- 自定义拦截器栈 -->
            <interceptor-stack name="myAuthorStack">
                <interceptor-ref name="myTime"></interceptor-ref>
                <interceptor-ref name="authorization"></interceptor-ref>
                <interceptor-ref name="defaultStack"></interceptor-ref>
            </interceptor-stack>
        
        </interceptors>
    
        <!-- 全局的result -->
        <global-results>
            <result name="login" type="redirect">/login.jsp</result>
        </global-results>
    
        <action name="login" class="com.Elastic.StrutsDemo3.ivy.action.UserAction" method="login">
            <result name="success" type="redirectAction">index</result>
            <interceptor-ref name="myDefault"></interceptor-ref>
            
        </action>
        
        <action name="index" class="com.Elastic.StrutsDemo3.ivy.action.IndexAction" method="index">
            <result name="success" type="redirect">/index.jsp</result>
            <interceptor-ref name="myAuthorStack"></interceptor-ref>
        </action>
        
        <action name="upload" class="com.Elastic.StrutsDemo3.ivy.action.FileAction" method="fileUpload">
            <param name="savePath">/head</param>
            <result name="success" type="redirect">/index.jsp</result>
        </action>
        
        <action name="downLoad" class="com.Elastic.StrutsDemo3.ivy.action.FileAction">
            <result type="stream">
                <param name="contentType">application/octet-stream</param>
                <param name="inputName">inputStream</param>s
                <param name="contentDisposition">
                    attachment;fileName=${fileName}
                </param>
            </result>
        </action>
        
    </package>
</struts>