IntellliJ IDEA+maven+spring+springMVC+tomcat搭建本地开发环境（一）
1.新建maven项目，选择如下选项，然后进入下一步
2.输入项目相应的信息，进入下一步
3.配置maven环境，其中有个下载依赖包失败的问题，下篇将提到解决
4.点击finish，等待maven下载相应的jar包，创建src/main/webapp/WEB-INF/web.xml，src/main/java，src/main/resources，项目结构如下：
5.引入java web项目相关到spring和springmvc的jar依赖，pom文件中添加如下：
1 <dependency> 2 <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> 3 <artifactId>spring-core</artifactId> 4 <version>${spring.version}</version> 5 </dependency> 6 <dependency> 7 <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> 8 <artifactId>spring-context</artifactId> 9 <version>${spring.version}</version> 10 </dependency> 11 <dependency> 12 <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> 13 <artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId> 14 <version>${spring.version}</version> 15 </dependency> 16 <dependency> 17 <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> 18 <artifactId>spring-web</artifactId> 19 <version>${spring.version}</version> 20 </dependency> 21 <dependency> 22 <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> 23 <artifactId>spring-orm</artifactId> 24 <version>${spring.version}</version> 25 </dependency> 26 <dependency> 27 <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> 28 <artifactId>spring-beans</artifactId> 29 <version>${spring.version}</version> 30 </dependency> 31 <dependency> 32 <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> 33 <artifactId>spring-aop</artifactId> 34 <version>${spring.version}</version> 35 </dependency>
6.在resources文件夹创建applicationContext.xml和dispatcher-servlet.xml，其中applicationContext.xml是spring上下文的配置文件，dispatcher-servlet.xml是springMVC的配置文件
7.配置web.xml，这里有问题困扰了很久，下章会讲到
1 <!DOCTYPE web-app PUBLIC 2 "-//Sun Microsystems, Inc.//DTD Web Application 2.3//EN" 3 "http://java.sun.com/dtd/web-app_2_3.dtd" > 4 <web-app xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee" 5 xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" 6 xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_4_0.xsd" version="4.0"> 7 <!--加载spring上下文--> 8 <!--配置springIoC容器的配置文件路径--> 9 <context-param> 10 <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name> 11 <param-value>classpath:*applicationContext.xml</param-value> 12 </context-param> 13 <!--配置ContextLoaderListener用以初始化springIoc容器--> 14 <listener> 15 <listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class> 16 </listener> 17 18 <!--配置springmvc--> 19 <!--配置DispatcherServlet--> 20 <servlet> 21 <servlet-name>dispatcher</servlet-name> 22 <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class> 23 <init-param> 24 <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name> 25 <param-value>classpath:*dispatcher-servlet.xml</param-value> 26 </init-param> 27 <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup> 28 </servlet> 29 <!--servlet拦截配置，拦截以后缀“from”结束到请求--> 30 <servlet-mapping> 31 <servlet-name>dispatcher</servlet-name> 32 <url-pattern>/</url-pattern> 33 </servlet-mapping> 34 </web-app>
8.配置applicationContext.xml
1 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> 2 <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" 3 xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" 4 xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" 5 xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd"> 6 7 <!--使用注解驱动--> 8 <context:annotation-config></context:annotation-config> 9 </beans>
9.配置dispatcher-servlet.xml
1 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> 2 <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" 3 xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" 4 xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc" 5 xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" 6 xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p" 7 xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd"> 8 9 <!--使用注解驱动--> 10 <mvc:annotation-driven></mvc:annotation-driven> 11 <!--定义扫描装载的包--> 12 <context:component-scan base-package="com.example.ivy"/> 13 <!--定义视图解析图--> 14 <bean id="viewResolver" 15 class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver" 16 p:prefix="/WEB-INF/jsp/" p:suffix=".jsp"></bean> 17 </beans>
10.配置tomcat，右上角Add Configuration，点左上角的加号，选择tomcat server，local，进入tomcat配置页面
11.编写Controller
1 package com.example.ivy; 2 3 import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller; 4 import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping; 5 import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView; 6 7 @Controller 8 @RequestMapping("/example") 9 public class MyController { 10 @RequestMapping("/test") 11 public ModelAndView test(){ 12 ModelAndView mv = new ModelAndView(); 13 mv.setViewName("test"); 14 return mv; 15 } 16 }
12.创建webapp/WEB-INF/jsp/test.jsp
1 <%-- 2 Created by IntelliJ IDEA. 3 User: Lai_Ivy 4 Date: 2020/2/13 5 Time: 21:33 6 To change this template use File | Settings | File Templates. 7 --%> 8 <%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %> 9 <html> 10 <head> 11 <title>七宝</title> 12 </head> 13 <body> 14 <h1>nihao</h1> 15 16 </body> 17 </html>
运行tomcat能看到后台结果
或者更直观，打开http://localhost:8080/example/test，看到页面
