Git简介

一 Git简介　　

    1.1 Git 特点

      Git是一种非常流行的分布式版本控制系统，它和其他版本控制系统的主要差别在于Git只关心文件数据的整体是否发生变化，而大多数版本控制系统只关心文件内容的具体差异，这类系统（CVS，Subversion，Perforce，Bazaar 等等）每次记录有哪些文件作了更新，以及都更新了哪些行的什么内容。Git另一个比较好的地方在于绝大多数操作都可以在本地执行，而每个本地都可以从服务器获取一份完整的仓库代码，而且在没网的时候仍然可以修改和使用大部分命令，在方便的时候再跟服务器进行同步，这样可以更好的实现多人联合编程。

        另外个人感觉Git系统的强大在于它创建了一个个类似于快照的东西，记忆我们每一次的提交并且可以在未来的任何时候回到这里,对于大型项目的管理非常有效.

  1.2 一些常见的命令

    我们可以通过  git help/git --help/ man git 来查看git的一些最常用的命令

$ git help

usage: git [--version] [--help] [-C <path>] [-c <name>=<value>]

           [--exec-path[=<path>]] [--html-path] [--man-path] [--info path]

           [-p | --paginate | --no-pager] [--no-replace-objects] [--bare]

           [--git-dir=<path>] [--work-tree=<path>] [--namespace=<name>]

           <command> [<args>]

These are common Git commands used in various situations:
 
start a working area (see also: git help tutorial)

   clone      Clone a repository into a new directory

   init       Create an empty Git repository or reinitialize an existing one

work on the current change (see also: git help everyday)

   add        Add file contents to the index

   mv         Move or rename a file, a directory, or a symlink

   reset      Reset current HEAD to the specified state

   rm         Remove files from the working tree and from the index

examine the history and state (see also: git help revisions)

   bisect     Use binary search to find the commit that introduced a bug

   grep       Print lines matching a pattern

   log        Show commit logs

   show       Show various types of objects

   status     Show the working tree status

grow, mark and tweak your common history

   branch     List, create, or delete branches

   checkout   Switch branches or restore working tree files

   commit     Record changes to the repository

   diff       Show changes between commits, commit and working tree, etc

   merge      Join two or more development histories together

   rebase     Reapply commits on top of another base tip

   tag        Create, list, delete or verify a tag object signed with GPG

collaborate (see also: git help workflows)

   fetch      Download objects and refs from another repository

   pull       Fetch from and integrate with another repository or a local branch

   push       Update remote refs along with associated objects

'git help -a' and 'git help -g' list available subcommands and some

concept guides. See 'git help <command>' or 'git help <concept>'

to read about a specific subcommand or concept.