django基础篇03-阶段总结

1.django的生命周期:

  url -> 路由系统 -> 视图函数(获取模版 + 数据 =>渲染) -> 返回字符串

2.路由系统:

    /index/          ->函数或类.as_view()

  /detail/(\d)        ->函数(参数)或 类.as_view()(参数)

  /detail/(?P<nid>\d+)     ->函数(参数)或 类.as_view()(参数)

  /detail/           -> include('app01.urls')

  /detail/  name='a1'     -> include('app01.urls')

视图views.py

from django.shortcuts imoport reverse

# 获取原路径
reverse('a1')

模版

{%   url 'a1'   %}

3. 视图

FBV:函数  path(r'index',views.index)

  def index(request,*args,**kwargs):

    pass

CBV:类        path(r'index',views.Index.as_view())

  class Index(views.view):

    pass

获取用户的数据:

   request.GET.get(xxx)

  request.POST.get(xxx)

  reqest.FILES.get(xxxx)

  obj = request.FILES.get('xxx')

  f = open('simple01.txt','wb')

  for chunk in obj.chunks():

    f.write(chunk)

  f.close()

  # checkbox的值的获取

  request.GET.getlist('xxx'

给用户返回数据的形式:

render(request,'xxx.html',{arg0:1234,arg1:[1,2,3,4]})
HtppResponse(字符串)
redirect('URL')

4.模版语言

render(request, "模板的文件的路径", {'obj': 1234, 'k1': [1,2,3,4],"k2": {'name': '张扬','age': 73}})
<html> <body> <h1>{{ obj }}</h1> <h1>{{ k1.1 }}</h1> <h1>{{ k2.name }}</h1> {% for v in k2.values %} <h1>{{ v }}</h1> {% endfor %} </body> </html>

5.ORM

a. 创建类和字段

class UserInfo(models.Model):
    name = models.CharField(max_length=32)
    age = models.IntgerField()

终端执行:

python3 manage.py makemerigations
python3 manage.py merigate

注意:setting.py文件中,是否INSTALL_APPS是否注册app?

b. 操作

增 以下两种方式都可以

models.UserInfo.objects.create(name='xm01',age=23)

obj = models.UserInfo(name='xm02',age=34)
obj.save()

models.UserInfo.objects.filter(name='xm01').delete()

models.UserInfo.objects.filter('xm02').update(name='xm01')
user_info = {'name':'xm03','age':34}
models.UserInfo.object.filter(id__gt=0).update(**user_info)

# 查询全部 返回QuerySet对象
models.UserInfo.objects.all()
# 条件查询
models.UserInfo.objects.filter(name='xm01')
# and的使用
models.UserInfo.objects.filter(name='xm01',age=23)
# 查询某些字段
models.UserInfo.objects.all().values('name')


# 获取一个对象,如果不存在则报错
models.UserInfo.objects.get(id=1)
或者 如果存在则返回对象,否则返回None
obj = models.UserInfo.objects.filter(id=1).first()

外键

# caption 1:普通用户  2:VIP用户   3:游客
class UserType(models.Model):
    caption = models.CharFileld(max_length=32)

class User(models.Model):
    age = models.IntegerField()
    name = models.CharField(max_length=64)
    # 约束
    user_type = models.ForeignKey(to='UserType' to_field='id')   

6.Ajax

基本使用

<script src="../static/jquery-1.12.4.js"></script>
<script>
        $.ajax({
            url:'/orm.html',
            data: {'account': 'xm02','pwd':'12345678'},
            dataType: 'json',
            traditional: true,
            success: function (data) {
                
            }
        })
</script>

dataType:返回的参数格式为json数据类型

traditoinal: 参数中包含数组的时候,将此参数设置为true,这样数据才会被传递,当遇到参数为字典的时候,需要通过JSON.stringify(dict)

7.一对多

外键

from django.db import models

class UserGroup(models.Model):
    name = models.CharField(max_length=32)


class UserInfo(models.Model):
    username = models.CharField(max_length=32)
    pwd = models.CharField(max_length=32)
    gender = models.CharField(max_length=4)
    group_type = models.ForeignKey(UserGroup,to_field='id',on_delete=models.CASCADE)

用法:

# 创建数据
# models.UserGroup.objects.create(name='python')
# models.UserGroup.objects.create(name='Ruby')
# obj = models.UserGroup(name='Object-C')
# obj.save()

models.UserInfo.objects.create(username='xm01',gender='0',pwd='123456',group_type_id=1)

for row in models.UserInfo.objects.all():
    print(row.username,row.pwd,row.gender,row.group_type,sep='\t')
    print(row.group_type.name)

obj = models.UserInfo.objects.filter(group_type_id=1)
print(obj)

obj = models.UserInfo.objects.filter(id__gt=1).values('username','gender','group_type__name')
print(obj)
for row in obj:
print(row['username'],row['gender'],row['group_type__name'],sep='\t')

# 输出 
#
xm01 123456 0 UserGroup object (1)
#
python
#
<QuerySet [<UserInfo: UserInfo object (1)>]>
# <QuerySet [{'username': 'xm02', 'gender': '1', 'group_type__name': 'Ruby'}, {'username': 'xm03', 'gender': '0', 'group_type__name': 'Object-C'}]
# xm02    1    Ruby
# xm03    0    Object-C

UserInfo中的group_type为UserGroup类型的对象,而且外键关联,默认生成 xxx_id字段作为新关联其他模型的字段,如果获取外表的字段,需要通过xxx__op可以获取外表的op字段值

8.多对多

a.自定义关系表

from django.db import models

class Host(models.Model):
    nid = models.AutoField(primary_key=True)
    hostname = models.CharField(max_length=32, db_index=True)
    ip = models.GenericIPAddressField(protocol="ipv4", db_index=True)
    port = models.IntegerField()

class Application(models.Model):
    name = models.CharField(max_length=32)
    h = models.ManyToManyField(Host)

此时django会自动生成第三张表,表名和表结构如下:

调用方法如下

# obj = Application.objects.filter(id=1).first()
# obj.h.add(1)
# obj.h.add(2,3)
# obj.h.add(*[1,2,3])

# obj.h.remove(1)
# obj.h.clear()

# obj.h.set([2])

# 返回Host类型的QuerySet对象
qset = obj.h.all()
for row in qset:
   print(row.hostname,row.ip,row.port,sep='\t')

 

 

 

 

posted @ 2018-07-25 10:00  土耳其大骗子  阅读(224)  评论(0编辑  收藏  举报